MANAGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDEND: CHALLENGES FOR BROADCASTERS

Transcription

1 MANAGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDEND: CHALLENGES FOR BROADCASTERS 1 MBEGA Hilaire Engineer-M.Sc. Radiocommunications - Consultant Tel.: / BP Yaoundé - Cameroun mbegahills@yahoo.fr

2 A. REMINDER (1/3) Figure 1 : The 3 Regions of ITU. 2

3 3 A. REMINDER (2/3) Analog Terrestrial Broadcasting: - Anaolog Terrestrial Sound Broadcasting : FM / RARC-GE84 / Plans stills in use in VHF-II : 87,5 108 MHz for Region 1 and a part of Region 3;(76 108) MHz for Region 2; (87 108) MHz for Region 3. - Analog Terrestrial Television Broadcasting : RARC-GE89 / ABA / Frequency Bands : (47 68 ) MHz / VHF- I ;( ) MHz, ( ) MHz, ( ) MHz / VHF-III; ( ) MHz / UHF-IV; ( ) MHz / UHF-V; ( ) / ABA R5.322(WRC12). (54 68) MHz / VHF-I for Region 2 and 3 ; ( ) MHz / VHF-III Broadcasting for Region 2;( ) MHz, ( ) MHz for Region 2; ( )MHz for Region 3. ST-61 / EBA for analog TV broadcasting. Three standards for colour TV: PAL, SECAM, NTSC. / RRC-06- Rev.89 et RRC-06-Rev.61 / Revision of GE89 and ST61 agreements.

4 A. REMINDER (3/3) 4 Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting: RRC - GE06 : Planification of Digital Terretrial Broadcasting in certain parts of Region 1 and 3. - Digital Terrestrial Sound Broadcasting VHF-III : T-DAB ( ) MHz / GE06. IBOC DSB ; ISDB-T SB ; ( ) MHz / VHF-III Broadcasting for Region 2; ( ) MHz for Region 3. - Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting : Frequency bands: GE06 / DVB-T : ( ) MHz / Band III-VHF; ( ) MHz / Band IV-UHF; ( ) MHz / Band V-UHF. Many standards: ATSC DTV, ATSC-M/H, China DTV, DVB-H, ISDB-T, T-DMB, FLO, CMMB.

5 5 B. DIGITAL MIGRATION (1/2) Analog broadcast : More than a half century. Continuous signal processing in the time domain and proportionnal to the original form of the information. Input signals (microphone, camera) and output signals (Radio-TV receiver) analog. Why migrate to digital? Analog signal sensitive to disruption and interferences. Signal degradation during propagation. Analog uses a lot of frequencies. Need of frequencies for new radiocommunication services. Digital migration : Convergence of digital technologies : Broadcasting, telecommunications, infography, computer science. Digital compression : Discret coding, QPSK, QAM. Standard consensus : Source coding, channel coding, modulation methods, content identification, error protection, harmonisation with other mediums.

6 B. DIGITAL MIGRATION : Main advantages of digital terrestrial television Better sound and picture quality réception. Important economy in term of frequency ressources: Digital dividend. Important economy in term of energy consumption. Possibility of insertion of more than thirty DVB-T2 / MPEG-4 programmes using only one broadcasting channel. Possibility of interactivity of audiovisual programmes : Internet IP- DVB-T / RCT, RCS. New concept : Television at any moment / High mass memory capacity. Etc. Constraints: Brick-wall effect : signal sudden loss on the coverage border areas. Complexity of network synchronisation for SFN. Financial commitments for the conversion of existing broadcasting equipments. Necessity for consummers to acquire a STB and sometimes a new réception antenna. Financing of training or refreshing courses for human ressources adapted to digital technologies. 6

7 C. DIGITAL DIVIDEND Digital compression : Transmission of many good quality standard digital TV programmes using the part of the radio frequencies necessary until then to transmit one analog channel depending of coding and modulation technics used. Digital dividend : UHF Spectrum theoritically released due to migration from analog to digital. Services which can benefit from digital dividend: Mobile ng services, WIMAX, HDTV, DTT, TMP (Television Mobile Portable), PMSE (Programme Making Special Events), civil security, national defence. Frequency bands (700/800 MHz): Better propagation physical qualities, allowing more important ranges and better indoor penetration, in other words to cover a territory using less transmitters. 7

8 D. FIRST DIGITAL DIVIDEND WRC-07: - ( ) MHz to mobile service in Région 1 from June Taking into account GE06 agreement and all his future evolutions. - Protection of broadcasting services from any harmful interferences. - RR 5.316, 5.316A, 5.316B. Applications - 4G, WIMAX, HDTV, TMP. - Civil security, National defence. - CDMA 800: Sub band ( ) MHz; = 37 MHz. 35 MHz left. 8

9 E. SECOND DIGITAL DIVIDEND Resolution 232 (WRC-12) to allocate the frequency band ( ) MHz in Region 1 to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service on a co-primary basis with other services to which this band is allocated on a primary basis and to identify it for IMT; that the allocation ( ) MHz is effective immediately after WRC-15. Agenda Item1.2 (WRC-15) use of the frequency band ( ) MHz by the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service in Region 1 and take the appropriate measures. Resolution 760 (WRC-15) : Provisions relating to the use of the frequency band ( ) MHz in Region 1 by the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service and by other services. 9

10 F. BROADCASTING AND DIGITAL DIVIDEND Problemes Multiplex programmes, DTT networks and transmission providers and platforms. Adjustments taking into account the new digital dividend. Necessary UHF spectrum to preserve the DTT networks and to allow the multiplication of services. Growing of DTT service requests to include new local and national programmes and to operate new technologies such as HDTV. PMSE Programme Making and Special Events / wireless microphones. VHF III band : Main alternative solution / digital Sound broadcasting (DSB). 10

11 G- MOBILE AND DIGITAL DIVIDEND IMT and mobile broadband : Main access link to internet in many markets, especially in developping countries. WRC-07 : Identified spectrum allready in use worldwide or being allocated in most of the markets. Second digital dividend : Increase of data rate, capacity and coverage of mobile broadband; global roaming; disposal of new harmonised frequencies taking into account requirements of news special consummers; alignment of frequency bands released par the first digital dividend in differents Regions. Works in progress in ITU: For a futur harmonisation after WRC-12 concentrated on (i) the setting up of channel harmonised arrangements in Région 1, ( ) MHz band ; (ii) taking into account all the necessary technical studies to ensure the coexistence with the operating networks in the new allocation and those operating in the ( ) MHz; (iii) the wished harmonisation with the provisions in all the Regions; (iv) the compatibility with other services where the band is allocated in the primary basis, including the adjacent bands. 11

12 H-REFARMING GE-06 PLAN ( ) MHz band : Allocated in the primary basis to mobile, except aeronautical mobile services ( WRC- 07) and the ( ) MHz band identified as second digital dividend (WRC-12). Densification of GE-06 sub-saharian African planification: To take into account loosen digital channels in every site / Faisability to have a minimum of four multiplexes with national coverage for every country in the ( ) MHz band (UHF channels 21 to 48). MPEG4 and DVB-T2 : Up to 80 SDTV programmes or up to 20 HDTV programmes; Satisfaction of most of the requirements of sub-saharian African countries. Second step : Additional requirements to be considered and to satisfy through further technical discussions under ITU-R supervision. 33 iterations : Necessary to reach an acceptable result for all the sub-saharian countries. 12

13 I- MONETIZATION OF THE DIGITAL DIVIDEND Decisions on the transition to digital TV and the digital dividend are likely to be taken at the highest level and should be prepared in a way that maximises consensus. In this sense, the best approach appears to rely on a collaborative/coordinated approach involving all stakeholders, which may include: government, regulator, parliament, broadcasting operators, TV programme providers, equipment and site providers, users, public associations, multiplex operators, mobile operators, and other users of the band (e.g. programme-making services). Benchmarking in countries having completed DSO/ASO. In those countries, many options to make digital dividend profitable: - The division of digital dividend bands in differents frequency blocks for a tender or an auction between IMT operators. - Licensing process to IMT operators for a precised cost and duration. - Paid SDTV / HDTV multiplexes. - Financing analog TV migration to digital using the monetization of the digital dividend. 13

14 J- WHAT INCREASE IN VALUE? (1/2) National level New stock of digital terrestrial broadcasting equipment public and private added to digital cable distribution and DTH system. Mutualisation of broadcasting infrastructures. Institutional, regulation level Convergence of broadcasting and telecommunications. Harmonization of regulation text in the two sectors (audiovisual / telecommunication). Socio-economic sides New investments as well as in the public and in the private sector. Breaking the digital audiovisual gab. New tarification and tax system. 14

15 J- WHAT INCREASE IN VALUE (2/2) Socio-cultural awareness Inclusion of stakeholders and the population. Increase of programme offer especially national one. Technological level Digital Dividend. Emergence of new services without disturbing existing services. Digital technology is often ahead of institutional text allowing a clear réglementation and regulation. That brings illegal but profitable use of DTT frequencies by audiovisual operators. IMT operators and others also benefit from lake of clear and applicable text on the sharing of digital dividend. They benefit from existing technological posibilities to make illegal profits from running and operate TV multiplexes on TMP. 15

16 16 K- CONCLUSION (1/2) Spectrum refarming / overcost - Financial advantages of frequency allocation under 1 GHz to broadband mobile services must compensate the cost of refarming DTT networks. It is a net advantage for national economy. Advice to broadcasters : Above all use VHF-III and UHF- IV bands for DTT implementation. The futur trend is to broaden the digital dividend band. - The demand, the competitipon and the prices are linked in the mobile sector. Resolution 232 (WRC - 12) (i)the lower edge of the allocation is subject to refinement at WRC-15, taking into account the ITU-R studies and the needs of countries in Region 1, in particular developing countries;(ii) WRC-15 will specify the technical and regulatory conditions applicable to the mobile service allocation, taking into account the ITU-R studies. Resolution 760 (WRC - 15) Interference in the adjacent channel between the mobile service in the frequency band ( ) MHz and the broadcasting service in frequency band ( ) MHz.

17 17 K- CONCLUSION (2/2) Studies : Up to now a high level of incompatibility between applications of mobile service and broadcasting service. ITU R: To reconcile conflicting views from the different industry sectors and provide governments with a solid basis for policy development. Any policies that are developed must give national regulators sufficient flexibility to award valuable UHF spectrum for the appropriate services, based upon national demand. Essential coordination at régional and international level. International frequency harmonization between mobile communications and content services : significant advantages to consummers. Ultimately, ITU play a key role in facilitating this debate, and providing guidelines for where the dividing line is drawn between the amount of spectrum retained by broadcasting services and that released for use by other services, including mobile. This is a decision which will have profound implications for the telecommunications and broadcast industry and its consumers for many years to come. Harmonised use of ( ) band for the display of mobile applications : An important advantage for African sub régional countries.

18 THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION 18 MBEGA Hilaire Engineer-M.Sc. Radiocommunications Consultant Tel.: / BP Yaoundé - Cameroun mbegahills@yahoo.fr