DATA ANALYSIS FOR CLASS FIELD WORK

Transcription

1 DATA ANALYSIS FOR CLASS FIELD WORK ADESANYA GBENGA OCTOBER, 2015

2 OUTLINE OF THE STUDY Introduction Sources of data Basic steps in qualitative data analysis Methods of qualitative data analysis Basic steps in quantitative analysis Methods of quantitative data analysis Facts about data analysis Conclusion

3 INTRODUCTION Data: is information that has been translated into a form that is more convenient to move or process. Data are facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis. Data Analysis: is the process of systematically applying statistical and/or logical techniques to describe and illustrate, condense and recap and evaluate data Quantitative Data Analysis: It is a systematic approach to investigations during which numerical data is collected. The researcher transforms what is collected or observed into numerical data. It involves measuring or counting attributes.

4 INTRODUCTION (Cont.) Qualitative Data Analysis? It is the range of processes and procedures whereby a researcher transforms qualitative data that have been collected into some form of explanation, understanding. It is the interpretation of the people and situations a researcher is investigating. It is usually based on an interpretative philosophy

5 The Process of Research The Process of Research Report and Evaluate Research Analyse and Interpret Data Identify the Research Problem Collect Data Review the Literature Specify a Research Purpose The Process of Research

6 RESEARCH DATA Primary Data Secondary Data Research Data

7 SOURCES OF DATA Research Data Secondary Data Primary Data Quantitative Qualitative Survey Observation Experimental Questionnaire Focus Group Interviews Project Techniques Face-to-Face Cellphone Mail Internet Personal Interview Telephone Interview

8 BASIC STEPS IN QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS Documentation of the data and the process of data collection. Organization or categorization of the data into concepts. Connection of the data to show how one concept may influence another. Corroboration/legitimization, by evaluating alternative explanations, disconfirming evidence and searching for negative cases Representing the account i.e. reporting the findings

9 METHODS OF QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS Typology - a classification system, taken from patterns, themes, or other kinds of groups of data. Constant Comparison/Grounded Theory it involves Looking at documents such as field notes Looking for indicators of categories in events and behavior - name them and code them on document Compare codes to find consistencies and differences

10 METHODS OF QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS (Cont.) Discourse analysis: You use tapes so they can be played and replayed. It involves the discussion of several people, not individual person specifically. Find patterns of questions and other patterns of interaction. Analytic Induction it involves looking at an event and developing a hypothetical statement of what happened i.e. the development of a new hypothesis. Then look at another similar event and see if it fits the hypothesis. If it doesn't, revise hypothesis. Analytic Deduction: It is aimed at testing existing theories. It usually begins with a hypothesis. It is mostly used in quantitative analysis

11 THE PROCESS OF INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE METHOD IN DATA ANALYSIS Deductive Analytical Model: Theory Hypothesis It works from the more general to the more specific. It is informally called a Top down approach Observation Confirmation

12 THE PROCESS OF INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE METHOD IN DATA ANALYSIS (Contd) Inductive Analytical Model: Theory Tentative Hypothesis Pattern Observation

13 BASIC STEPS IN QUANTITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS Formulation of an hypothesis: An hypothesis is a statement about an expected relationship between two or more variables that permits empirical testing Selection of variables Determining the Study Sample Size Collection of Data

14 BASIC STEPS IN QUANTITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS Preparation of Data: It entails coding, cleaning and organising data for analysis Sample Description: It entails describing the sample in terms of average and variation Exploration of Models Built on Relevant Variables: It is mostly done through correlation and regression analysis Presentation of Data and Findings Discussion with Relevant Stakeholders

15 METHODS OF QUANTITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS Descriptive Statistics: measures of central tendency Correlation Technique Regression Technique Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Other Econometrics Techniques

16 FACTS ABOUT DATA ANALYSIS Acquisition of necessary skills to analyse. Ability to Draw Unbiased Inference. Following acceptable norms for disciplines or fields of study. Basic knowledge of Statistics or Econometrics. The use of software.

17 CONCLUSION Analysing data comes with experience. The more you analyse data, the better you become.

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