Quick Guide to Major Types of Freshwater Invertebrates in the Frenchman Watershed, Saskatchewan
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1 Frenchman River Biodiversity Project Quick Guide to Major Types of Freshwater Invertebrates in the Frenchman Watershed, Saskatchewan prepared by Heather Proctor for the Frenchman River Biodiversity Project Biological Sciences, University of Alberta May 2004 unless otherwise noted, photographs by Hugh Clifford, from BioDITRL A joint project of the Royal Saskatchewan Museum & the Canadian Museum of Nature 2340 Albert St. Regina, SK S4P 3V7 Phone (306) Fax (306) gsutter@royalsaskmuseum.ca Web site
2 ... What is the FRBP? The Frenchman River Biodiversity Project (FRBP) is a multi-disciplinary research project that began in 2003 and will run until The aim is to assess the health of the Frenchman River and the sustainability of local activities by studying the aquatic biodiversity of the river and social interactions that affect the watershed. The FRBP is a joint undertaking of the Royal Saskatchewan Museum and the Canadian Museum of Nature, in partnership with local residents, university researchers, and representatives from provincial and federal government departments. 1a. Does the animal have a hard shell and no legs? (it is a mollusc) go to 2a 1b. Are there two halves to the shell? it is a mussel (Mollusca: Bivalvia) image by D. Belter it is a snail (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
3 2a. Is the animal soft and squishy with no legs and no head? go to 3 2b. Is it relatively flat with a sucker at one or both ends? it is a leech (Hirudinea) it is a freshwater earthworm (Oligochaeta) after this line are animals with legs 3. Does the animal have more than 4 pairs of legs? go to 4a, Crustacea go to 5a
4 4a. Does the animal have a pair of large front pincers? it is a crayfish, Decapoda: only species in Saskatchewan is Orconectes virilis 4b. Does the animal look like a shrimp? go to 4d 4c. Is it flattened from side-to-side? it is a scud (Amphipoda) it is a fairy shrimp (Anostraca)
5 4d. Is most of the body covered by a a thin, soft shell? it is a copepod (Copepoda): note, they range in colour from white to green to red, and some have antennae as long as their body 4 e. Does one pair of appendages stick out from the shell? it is a water flea (Cladocera) it is a clam shrimp (Conchostraca)
6 5a. Does it have four pairs of jointed legs? (Arachnida) (Insecta) go to 6 5b. Are there two major body parts separated by a narrow waist? mite photos by H. Proctor it is a spider (Araneae) it is a water mite (Hydrachnida) after this line are insects: they have 3 pairs of jointed legs (except for larval flies, which have no legs!) 6. Does it have a pair of hard wings that cover the hind part of the body? go to 7 go to 8
7 7. Do the wings meet in the middle to make a straight line? it is an adult beetle (Coleoptera) it is a true bug (Hemiptera): their wings overlap in a criss-cross* 8. Does the animal appear to live inside a stick or collection of leaves or sand grains? go to 9a it is a caddisfly (Trichoptera) *note: young true bugs look like adults but they don t have full wings
8 9a. Does it have 3 flat paddle-like tails? it is a damselfly larva (Odonata: Zygoptera) 9b. Does it have several pairs of gills on the abdomen (can be cylindrical, plate-like, or feathery)? 9c. Does it have 3 tails? go to 10a it is a mayfly larva (Ephemeroptera) it is an alderfly larva (Megaloptera): has one tail
9 10a. Does it have 2 tails? go to 11 10b. Are the antennae about as long and as strong as the tails? it is a stonefly larva (Plecoptera) it is a type of beetle larva (Coleoptera) 11. Is there a tuft of hairy stuff coming out the hind end? it is a type of beetle larva (Coleoptera) it is a dragonfly larva (Odonata: Anisoptera); many have poky spines on the hind end
10 Still haven t seen your animal? Try these Does it look like a swimming seed? Does it look like this strange prehistoric monster? it is a seed shrimp (Crustacea: Ostracoda) Does it look like a mayfly but with only two tails? it is a tadpole shrimp (Crustacea: Notostraca) Does it look like a worm but has a little head? it is one of the rare mayflies with two tails! (Ephemeroptera) and if you still can t find it, check out the Saskatchewan Aquatic Insects Page: it is a larval fly (Insecta: Diptera)
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