Vattenfall R&D Examples

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1 Vattenfall R&D Examples Vattenfall BU R&D Projects May, 2012

2 Water Hydraulics for gate controls Replace oil by water in large hydraulic systems - Technology review and operational pilot in Älvkarleby - Reduce risk for emissions and increase Life Time Operation sustainability - Pilot plant in operation since Recommended baseline technology in renovation projects from 2012 onwards 2 of 5 intake gates in Älvkarleby old power plant have been equipped by water based hydraulics. The volume makes it the world s largest installation of this type.

3 Smart Grids Efficiently use sustainable energy sources, as wind, wave and solar - Dual directional energy flow and information - Large and small scale generation - Partly household generation Storage capability Extensive electrification - Cars, heating and cooling Mobile electricity consumers - The grid recognizes the user Largely invisible grid New users of electricity network creates need for a new range of services and products

4 R&D Wind: HSS bearing tests of Horns Rev gearbox design Number of bearing failures at Horns rev Test-rig of HSS bearing setup Axial load Radial load Drive motor Bearing housing HSS bearings fail after 2-3 years Uncertain cause HSS bearing failure could lead to total gearbox failure and increases maintenance costs Tests under controlled real conditions to fin failure cause Reduce failures by using the new knowledge to machine operation, CM, service, gearbox updates and future specifications

5 Wind Turbine Wakes (Park Effects) In large wind farms most turbines will operate in full or partial wake. This means lower wind speeds, production losses, and higher fatigue loads. Depending on farm layout (turbine spacing), wind turbine characteristics, and local wind resources, there are big savings and efficiencies to be won 1% improvement of average wind speed, increases generation with 3% Power kw Average of the three turbines in row 8 (BCD) Average of all 48 turbines Wind Speed m/s

6 SKB accounts for about 1/4 of Vattenfall s R&D expenditures SKB s task is to develop and implement a safe method for final storage of nuclear waste from the Swedish reactors The Mid-term storage deposite and the Final repository for short-lived radioactive waste (SFR) are both located in Forsmark The Central interim storage facility for spent nuclear fuel (Clab) is located near Oskarshamn Final disposal of spent nuclear fuel will be build in Forsmark, app SKB s R&D plan is approved by the Swedish Government and followed up by SSM (Swedish Radiation Safety Authority) Vattenfall is the majority owner of SKB SKB Svensk Kärnbränslehantering/ Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co

7 Nuclear optimization - Mixing hot and cold water in a T-junction Safety is always top priority at nuclear power plants. As plants get older, ageing-related issues develop, such as thermal fatigue of the materials The key to success is to combine Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations with experimental model tests Vattenfall has put much effort into studying one particular cause of thermal fatigue mixing hot and cold water in a T-junction The results became a highly acknowledged international benchmark in a joint study by the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

8 Green Gas Green gas is pure biogas or biogas upgraded to natural-gas quality If green gas is to gain widespread acceptance, governmental support and business-sector investments are required In Hamburg, Vattenfall upgrades biogas to biomethane, that is then injected into the natural gas grid in the city. Part of the project aims to reduce the operating costs of the process

9 Biomass Utilization: Investment in new biomass stand-alone plants The objective is to choose the best technical solutions combined with the optimal biomass sourcing for Vattenfall various business cases. The present phase is the development of a R&D portfolio in this area. App. 10 important projects are on-going. Expected outcome is a R&D programme supporting and leading the investment portfolio for stand alone biomass boilers to optimised cost effectiveness. New biomass boilers planned to 2020 Need for new biomass fuels Main drivers >10 Use local fuels 6 TWh /year Improved electricy efficiency CO2 reduction

10 Biomass upgrading to Black Pellets The project will - Show that Black Pellets are suitable for hard coal substitution in Pulverized Fuel (PF) fired plants. - Describe necessary modifications and investments for introducing black pellets cofiring at PF fired plants - Show economy for black pellets co-firing case in terms of estimate of investments needed and additional operational costs - A major activity is co-combustion tests with 4500 ton black pellets Goal Fuel value affected by 2020 Main drivers Co-fire 5 Mt biomass by MEUR/year Lower investment costs Secure fuel supply CO2 reduction Storage testing of Black Pellets

11 Carbon Capture and storage (CCS) an essential bridge to the future - Vattenfall s goal is to reduce its CO 2 exposure from today s 90 Mt/year to 65 Mt/year by 2020, and to be carbon-neutral by The idea of CCS is to capture carbon dioxide from a coal-fired power plant, compress it, and permanently store it deep underground - The capture efficiency rate is above 95% - The world s first oxyfuel pilot plant was inaugurated in 2008 by Vattenfall Schwartze Pumpe Oxyfuel Power Plant Energy source Installed electricity capacity Total operational hours - of this in Oxyfuel mode Captured CO2 Lignite 30 MW thermal h h tons

12 Efficiency improvement through Lignite Drying - Using low-value heat to dry lignite before firing holds the potential of an efficiency improvement of 4-5 percentage points - Reduced CO 2 -emissions and coal consumptions of 10 %, increased profitability - Pilot plant tests are on-going, where experience is gained and components tested - A project is on-going to validate the possibilities of integrating drying in existing power plants Lignite drying capacity Incoming lignite humidity Dry lignite output Dry lignite humidity Operating pressure Operating temperature Measurements (B x T x H) 8-10 t/h % 4-6 t/h % 1-6 bar C 15 x 13 x 36m

13 Ocean Energy Development Program Shetland Site Development Wave Power - The purpose of the development project is to validate the technical and economical viability of wave power - AEGIR Wave Power (JV between Vattenfall 51% and Pelamis 49%) is developing a 10 MW wave farm east off the Shetland Islands for Pelamis and Vattenfall are developing a high performance, third generation ocean energy machine for this site - A Pelamis machine is planned to be tested by Vattenfall outside Orkney in 2014 No of units Rated power per unit Expected annual production (10 MW) Dimensions of device (l x d) Weight (each) 10 1 MW 35 GWh 220 x 5,5 m ~ 1000 tons Site