Vectors Control for Public Health using Natural Probiotics

Transcription

1 Vectors Control for Public Health using Natural Probiotics Auroville International Ethiopia Dr. Margarita Correa PhD. October 24-29, Margarita Correa 1

2 Malaria Endemic Countries by

3 Malaria Facts ( Annual cases of malaria Globally: 247 million Africa: 212 million Asia: 21 million Annual deaths from malaria Globally: 881,000 Africa: 801,000 Middle East: 38,000 Asia: 36,000 Americas: 3,000 Top five countries for malaria numbers Nigeria: 57,506,000 Democratic Republic of the Congo: 23,620,000 Ethiopia: 12,405,000 United Republic of Tanzania: 11,540,000 Kenya: 11,342,000 Top five countries for malaria deaths Nigeria: 225,424 Democratic Republic of the Congo: 96,113 Uganda: 43,490 Ethiopia: 40,963 United Republic of Tanzania: 38, Margarita Correa 3

4 Malaria Facts ( Child mortality from malaria 85% of deaths in children under 5 years old Coverage in 2010 Protective nets: 730 million long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). (350 million in Africa) Indoor spraying with insecticide: 172 million households sprayed Preventive treatment for pregnant women: 25 million pregnant women Diagnostic tests: approximately 1.5 billion Drugs: 228 million doses of ACTs to treat P. falciparum; additional 19 million doses of chloroquine and primaquine for P.vivax Economic cost Direct: USD 12 billion per year in direct losses Lost 1.3% of GDP growth per year for Africa

5 Industry: Global Pesticide Value (year 2010): $45 billion Global demand will rise 2.9% annually to year 2014 Regulatory considerations Stringent regulations affect the reduction of pesticide usages or bans on some pesticides Growth of replacement products has been considerable e.g. reduced risk pesticides designated by US EPA 2011 Margarita Correa 5

6 Drug resistant bacteria a r e on t h e r i s e, p r e s e n t i n g n e w c h a l l e n g e s 2011 Margarita Correa 6

7 Natural Probiotics Probiotics are live microorganisms which, when applied in adequate amounts deliver a health benefit to the host Margarita Correa 7

8 Fermentation Putrefaction Smell Fermented smell Alcohol Ether Yeast Putrefactive bacteria Foul odor Hydrogen - sulfite Methane Ammonia Clean Dirty Nutrition Amino acids Vitamin Sugar Life Lactic acid bacteria Living things Putrefactive bacteria Destruction Food Poisoning 2011 Margarita Correa 8

9 Natural Probiotics Technology Overview Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria Bacillus Species Yeast Actinomycetes Lactic Acid Bacteria 2011 Margarita Correa 9

10 Natural Probiotics Technology Probiotics Consortia Grown in multi-strain bacteria Very genetically diverse More resilient in the real world Pure Culture Laboratory grown as single-strains Limited genetic diversity More vulnerable in the real world 2011 Margarita Correa 10

11 Competitive Exclusion The neutral microbes can be pathogens or beneficial depending on the milieu. Probiotics Pathogens 5% Beneficial 90% Neutral 5% Harmful 2011 Margarita Correa 11

12 Natural Probiotics While the traditional meaning of the word probiotic is applied to human and animal digestive microorganisms, Natural Probiotics has transferred the technology to a line of fields that help earth, man, animals and plants Margarita Correa 12

13 Worldwide Applications Livestock Health Pathogen Control Odor Control Composting Livestock Landfill and Wastewater Agriculture Companion Animal Kitchen Composting Disaster Relief

14 Antecedents and Research Done 2011 Margarita Correa 14

15 Antecedents Tea Gardens Year Sample People % Incidence Total Cost Medicine Helopeltis theivora , US $5, start Probiotics US $1, US $ US $ US $237

16 India Field Data Control of Malaria 5 year in a target population of 6000 habitants Total Number of People Start of Probiotics Application Margarita Correa 16

17 India Lab Data Bioassay data (%mortality) on the Third Instar larvae of Aedes aegypti exposed to various concentrations of Probiotic solution. The third instar larvae of the mosquito species were collected from the ICMR lab, India. (Data received on August 27 th, Research Centre India) Margarita Correa 17

18 Program For The Study And Control Of Tropical Diseases

19 Why larvicide? Eliminating mosquito larvae (pre-adult mosquito) in breeding sites is the most effective method of controlling mosquito populations because mosquito larvae are concentrated, immobile, and accessible.

20 Methodology Follow up 24, 48, 72, 120 hr. Number of larvae death 1,100 experiments 23,100 larvae used 2011 Margarita Correa 20

21 Colombia Lab Data Bioassay data (% mortality) on the Third Instar larvae of Anopheles albimanus exposed to various concentrations of Probiotic solution. The third instar larvae of the mosquito species were collected from the PECET Research Centre, Medellin, Colombia. (Data received on June 9 th, PECET Margarita Correa 21

22 Colombia Lab Data Bioassay data (% mortality) on the Third Instars larvae of wild Culex quinquefasciatus exposed to various concentrations of Probiotic solution. The third instar larvae of the mosquito species were collected from the PECET Research Centre, Medellin, Colombia. (Data received on June 9 th, PECET.

23 Colombia Lab Preliminary Results Mortality observed with larva of Culex quinquefasciatus after Probiotics application Mortality Average % C Concentration (ml/100ml) 24 Hr 48 Hr 72 Hr 120 Hr Control

24 Thailand Lab Data Summary of bioassay tests after days 10 days exposure to Probiotic solutions (formulas 3-9) at concentration of 2%, 4% and 8%. (Mahidol University. October 10 th, 2010)

25 Thailand Lab Data Comparative of larval mortality in Probiotics solution at concentration of 2%, 4% and 8%. (Mahidol University. October 10 th, 2010)

26 Colombia Lab Data The third instar larvae of the mosquito species were collected from the PECET Research Centre, Medellin, Colombia. (Data received on July 27 th, PECET.

27 HONDURAS CENTER AMERICA T R I A L DATABASE

28 Solution Overview Evaluate Natural Probiotic formulation as a mosquito larva control in diverse breeding sites in three key zones beach, forest and marina of the island 2011 Margarita Correa 28

29 Trial Information 1. TARGETS Total Area under Trial: 9 ha 2. START The spraying started on July 15, MENACE Hemorrhagic Dengue caused by Aedes aegypti 2011 Margarita Correa 29

30 Spraying Strategies Identified the insects, targeting the breeding zones: Mangroves intervention Raking and spraying the sand on the beach areas Spraying the gardens Spraying coconut and palm trees Cisterns application Water channels 2011 Margarita Correa 30

31 Honduras - Trial Results Mosquito Larva Control: Total reduction 99% Adult Mosquito Control: From 18/day to 1/day. Reduction of 94.5% 2011 Margarita Correa 31

32 On-going Research

33 On going Research Safety in freshwater habitats Species under study: Daphnia pulex Guppy (Poecilia reticulata), also known as the millionfish Cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi Gambusia India Carp, Labeo rohita

34 On going Research Active Ingredients as larvicides Cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) secreted by Bacillus subtilis Influence of physico-chemical factors on larvicidal efficacy Molecular characterization of the mosquitocidal bacterial strains Colombia field study with A. albimanus

35 Natural Probiotics Solution Overview Natural liquid probiotics to control mosquito larvae population in breeding sites How it works: Eliminates mosquitoes in the larvae stage of their life cycle Usage is weekly basis and can be cut down to monthly basis if the infestation is highly reduced From product trials in India, Colombia and Honduras results were shown within 5 days 2011 Margarita Correa 35

36 Benefits of Natural Probiotics Natural, environmentally friendly larvicide alternative No chemical contained Harmless to humans, pets, aquaculture, wildlife, and beneficial insects Help local people to reduce their risks from mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and encephalitis Help governments or municipalities reduce publichealth costs on treatment for mosquito-borne diseases 2011 Margarita Correa 36

37 Thank You! 2011 Margarita Correa 37