FULMINI E SAETTE. G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate University of Trieste and INFN Trieste. on behalf of the AGILE team

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1 FULMINI E SAETTE G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate University of Trieste and INFN Trieste on behalf of the AGILE team Thanks to M.Marisaldi, F.Fuschino, F.Longo G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 1

2 Feynman Festival - 17 aprile 2008 G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 2

3 Outline Gamma-ray astrophysics and detection technique AGILE scientific mission and instrument AGILE in orbit: first results Terrestrial Gamma-ray flashes: introduction and history Sprites BATSE, RHESSI and AGILE observations Correlation with cosmic-rays G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 3

4 Gamma-Ray Astrophysics G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 4

5 Detection Technique G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 5

6 AGILE G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 6

7 AGILE

8 Scientific Institutes involved in the development of AGILE INAF-IASF Milano INAF-IASF Bologna INAF-IASF Roma INFN- Sez. Trieste INFN- Sez. Roma I INFN- Sez. Roma II INFN- Sez. Pavia Università di Trieste Università di Roma Tor Vergata Università La Sapienza CIFS - Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (Torino) G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 8

9 AGILE instrument G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 9

10 AGILE in orbit First ASI Small Scientific Mission Scientific Mission dedicated to gamma-ray and X-ray astrophysics Around 5000 orbits. Healthy Scientific Instrument Satellite Commissioning Phase completed (May-June) Science verification phase and in-orbit calibrations completed (July-September: Vela & Crab PSRs) Very promising scientific performance G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 10

11 The AGILE Instrument G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 11

12 AGILE: inside the cube HARD X-RAY IMAGER (SUPER-AGILE) INAF-IASF-Rm (E.Costa, M. Feroci) GAMMA-RAY IMAGER SILICON TRACKER ANTICOINCIDENCE INFN-Trieste INAF-IASF-Mi (F.Perotti) (G.Barbiellini, M. Prest) (MINI) CALORIMETER INAF-IASF-Bo, ThalesAlenia Space (LABEN) (G. Di Cocco, C. Labanti)

13 The AGILE Tracker (INFN-Ts, G. Barbiellini, M. Prest et al.) G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 13

14 The AGILE instrument Gamma-ray detected by the AGILE Tracker G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 14

15 The AGILE instrument GRID detection of natural bkg gamma-rays G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 15

16 The AGILE instrument The AGILE Mini-Calorimeter (Thales-Alenia Space Laben, scient. supervision by IASF-INAF BO G. Di Cocco, C. Labanti et al.) G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 16

17 The AGILE instrument Room Radioactivity (measured in the lab by MCAL) 1.46 MeV 40K photopeak 2.61 MeV 208Bi photopeak (232Th seri ~10 MeV muon peak (single bar crossed) ~20 MeV muon peak (whole MCAL crossed) Broad band background energy spectrum measured by a CsI detector (MCAL of AGILE) sensitive in the 400 kev 100 MeV energy range.several features due to radioisotopes in the environment and atmospheric muons can be identified. G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 17

18 The Last Gamma on Earth G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 18

19 AGILE launch Sriharikota launch base (India) PSLV-C8 launch, April 23, 2007 G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 19

20 AGILE in orbit G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 20

21 AGILE in orbit AGILE orbital parameters Semi-major axis: km (± 0.1 km) Requirement: ± 10 km Inclination angle: 2.48 (±0.04 ) Requirement: < 3 Eccentricity: Requirement: (±0.0015) < 0.1 The AGILE orbit is the best for gamma-ray astrophysics Low particle background! Average height: 540 km Inclination angle: 2.48 degrees G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 21

22 Fotoni a terra e in volo - II The First Gamma in Orbit First gamma-ray detected in orbit with the nominal GRID trigger configuration (May 10, 2007) G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 22

23 First Light G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 23

24 AGILE results G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 24

25 September 28, 2007 La Grande Triade G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 25

26 Vela Pulsar Vela PSR light curve (E>100 MeV), ~20 day integration, (calibration observation blocks, July-August, 2007). 0.5 ms time bins. G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 26

27 AGILE detection of 3C 279! G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 27

28 3c454 Tuorla Obs. data AGILE repointing request repointing G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 28

29 AGILE pointing centroid + ~ 36 3C G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 29

30 Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 30

31 Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes AGILE detected gamma-ray emission coming from the Earth, very short (1 ms) and of high intensity Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes were first discovered in 1994 by BATSE TGFs were linked to an individual lightning strike occurring within a few ms of the TGF BATSE detected only a small number of TGF events in nine years The newer RHESSI satellite has observed TGFs with much higher energies approximately fifty TGFs occur each day, larger than previously thought but still only representing a very small fraction of the total lightning on Earth (3-4 million lightning events per day on average) G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 31

32 Sprites G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 32

33 Sprites G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 33

34 The global and local electric circuit G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 34

35 The global and local electric circuit G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 35

36 Model for sprite discharge G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 36

37 BATSE - CGRO Space mission planned to study gamma emission from celestial sources In orbit from 1991 to 2000 Energy range: 30 kev - 30 GeV Only very high energy satellite (up to 30 GeV) before GLAST G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 37

38 BATSE 76 TGFs observed over 9 years G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 38

39 Correlation with thunderstorms G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 39

40 BATSE G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 40

41 BATSE G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 41

42 RHESSI REUVEN RAMATY HIGH ENERGY SOLAR SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGER Launched on Feb 5, 2002 Low Earth Orbit: Altitude 600 km i = 38 Detectors smallers than BATSE but better high-energy response and resolution G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 42

43 RHESSI RHESSI position during each recorded TGFs the expected distribution of observed TGFs if the population were evenly distributed over the globe (fraction of maximum exposure) long-term lightning frequency data (flashes per square kilometer per year) G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 43

44 AGILE G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 44

45 AGILE G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 45

46 AGILE G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 46

47 Cosmic Ray Influence Atmospheric electric field in periods of thunderstorms G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 47

48 G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 48

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