EXPERTISE ACREO FACTS GREEN DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEMS AND UPPER BOUND FOR. Dr. Mikhail Popov Acreo Swedish ICT

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1 ACREO FACTS GREEN DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEMS AND UPPER BOUND FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY Dr. Mikhail Popov Acreo Swedish ICT Company 145 employees (30 % PhD s) Locations Kista Norrköping Göteborg Hudiksvall Turnover: 200 MSEK Turnover Spin-Offs: MSEK Turnover SMEs: 360 MSEK Laboratories Kista m2 (1 500 m2 clean room) Norrköping 700 m2 (600 m2 clean room) Hudiksvall m2 (500 m2 clean room Göteborg 500 m2 EXPERTISE GENERAL OFFER EXPERTISE

2 Green Distributed Antenna Systems Why green? Exponential mobile traffic growth Increased energy consumption (0.5% of world already today) Radio Access Network Backhaul and fronthaul Remote Radio Unit Radio interface RRU MUX MME PGW Packet network Major source of CO2 in RAN is from electricity consumed by basestations Large swap of equipment (update of old + new efficient BS sites) keeps consumption in control Anything overlooked here? SGW enodeb EPC RRU RRU Fiber Fronthaul Backhaul Backhaul and fronthaul also consume energy Recent research: 50% of total consumption by 2020

3 Green DAS project Energy efficiency (EE) DAS = Distributed Antenna Systems Stand-alone DAS (but results also applicable to fronthaul) Metrics: Watt/(bit/s) = Joule/bit Can we reduce Watts without sacrificing QoS? = Reduce Joule/bit For DAS: Minimum required radiated power fro given QoS (b/s)? Optimal number of antennas? Optimal positions of antennas? Outdoor Model: Friends Arena Model details

4 Energy efficiency trends Energy efficiency trends PREQ = 32 mw PREQ = 3.2 mw PREQ = 2.5 mw 1, 2 and 4 isotropic antennas Coax losses neglected Splitting ratios: uniform power distribution Radio channel quality: at least 10 Mb/s at all points Only radio part is taken into account Effect of directive antennas Effect of directive antennas 4 antennas PREQ = 1.34 mw 4 antennas PREQ = 0.87 mw 180 deg (both planes) 90 deg (horizontal plane) 180 deg (both planes) 90 deg (horizontal plane)

5 EE summary Effect of coax losses Joule/Mbit No losses 0.11 db/m 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 One omni Two omni Four omni Four Four deg deg PREQ = 3.2 mw PREQ = 62 mw = Coax losses cannot be neglected Effect of antenna positions Effect of antenna positions Friends Arena AFTER OPTIMIZATION PREQ = mw PREQ = mw Antennas in corners Antennas in optimal positions 3,7 % of Energy Saving

6 Effect of antenna positions Indoor (Electrum Building) Interference study Indoor (Electrum Building) PREQ = 0.3 mw PREQ = 0.11 mw 63 % improvement (almost 3 times!) Negligible interference effect on optimization (for Lwall 12 and 20 db) Integrated optical-wireless Integrated optical-wireless PREQ = 32 mw + P 1_FIBER PREQ = 2x1.62 mw + 2xP 1_FIBER PREQ = 4x0.62 mw + 4xP 1_FIBER PREQ = 6x0.41 mw + 6xP 1_FIBER PREQ = 8x0.27 mw + 8xP 1_FIBER Optimal: 2 antennas Optimal: 2 antennas Optimal: 4 antennas Radio power down, optical power up Optimal number of antennas may exist See also: M. Popov, D. Peinado, M. Nilsson, A. Västberg, T. Sjölund, Green Distributed Antenna Systems: Optimized Design and Upper Bound for Energy Efficiency, In Proc. 21 st International Conference on Software telecommunications and computer networks, Split, Croatia, Sept 18-20, 2013.

7 Extra thoughts Small cells might not solve the problem in practice today: Today BSs are idle more than 90% (on average) Today, power amplifier scales with load in macro BSs does not scale with load in small BSs This might lead to overall increase of energy consumption when using just small cells compared to large/heterogeneous deployments (Candidate) future backhaul RBS/RRU User ~100k RBS Macro ~10m users CPRI Macro Macro RBS with NLOS and LOS backhaul NLOS Macro RBS CPRI with CPRI DAS DAS LO S CPRI Mobile Central aggregation 1000 Wavelengthselective switch 1G/10G WDM Edge Core ~100 ~10 Edge Core Multiple WL RBS hotel Backhaul OLT Local Fronthaul Residential Fiber (PON) x32 Remote Fronthaul Business 1G/10G WDM x20 See also: M. Popov, D. Peinado, M. Nilsson, A. Västberg, T. Sjölund, Green Distributed Antenna Systems: Optimized Design and Upper Bound for Energy Efficiency, In Proc. 21 st International Conference on Software telecommunications and computer networks, Split, Croatia, Sept 18-20, Thank you! mikhail.popov@acreo.se