AUTOMOBILE KOMMUNIKATION MOBILFUNK, INSBESONDERE LTE, DIE 4. GENERATION IM EINSATZ ZUM UND IM AUTOMOBIL

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2 AUTOMOBILE KOMMUNIKATION MOBILFUNK, INSBESONDERE LTE, DIE 4. GENERATION IM EINSATZ ZUM UND IM AUTOMOBIL Uli Möhlmann, Director LTE Automotive, Alcatel-Lucent Wireless Networks Group WCI Wireless Communication and Information Oktober 2012 im Museum of Technology, Berlin COPYRIGHT 2012 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

3 Cellular Wireless Communication History

4 CELLULAR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION STARTED IN AUTOMOTIVE 1G 1950s: analogue voice (NMT, AMPS, German A-/B-/C-Netz) 2G 1990s: narrow band digital voice (2.5G added packet data) 3G 2000s: broadband (WCDMA) integrated digital voice and data 4G 2010s: broadband (OFDM) digital data, all IP, multi RAN Tech 4 COPYRIGHT 2012 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

6 (Wireless) IP Expertise & Experience 70 W-CDMA commercial deployment 9+ LTE contracts and 60+ trials #2 in deployed LTE #1 in DSL - > 215 M lines shipped #1 in GPON Ericsson and Alcatel-Lucent Continue to Lead in LTE Redwood City, Calif. November 17, 2011 A recently published report by Dell Oro Group, the trusted source for market information about the networking and telecommunications industries, indicates that strong momentum in the mobile infrastructure market continued in 3Q11, as mobile RAN revenues increased 20% versus the year-ago quarter. The increase was driven in large part by sales of LTE and WCDMA, which comprised approximately one-half and one-third respectively of the total market s gain. The report also reveals that from 2Q11 to 3Q11, Ericsson and Alcatel- Lucent maintained their top ranks in LTE while increasing their shares to 44% and 30% respectively. 6 COPYRIGHT 20112ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

7 LTE DEPLOYMENT STATUS

9 IN THE UNITED STATES AMERICA S LARGEST 4G LTE NETWORK. Verizon 4G LTE is available in 371 cities, covering nearly 75% of U.S. population 99 LTE Devices - 55 Smartphones - 22 Tablets Among the four major wireless carriers, only Verizon s network is 100% 4G LTE the gold standard of wireless technology. With more 4G LTE coverage than all other networks combined (at&t, Sprint, T-Mobile) Source: verizonwireless.com 9 COPYRIGHT 20112ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

10 IN THE UNITED STATES Nationwide 4G Coverage AT&T customers have access to the nation's largest 4G network which covers over 275 million people. This means more AT&T customers can access 4G speeds on the latest devices, tablets, and smartphones than customers on any other network. AT&T 4G LTE AT&T has launched 4G LTE in 63 markets covering over 74 million Americans. Source: 10 COPYRIGHT 20112ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

11 2G Mobile voice everywhere IN GERMANY 3G mobile broadband data in metropolitan areas 4G Vodafone, May LTE Base Stations 14 Million households 40% area coverage everywhere Source: Vodafone GSM/EDGE coverage (900 MHz) UMTS/HSPA coverage (2,100MHz) LTE outdoor coverage (800 MHz) 11 COPYRIGHT 2012 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

12 FOR AUTOMOTIVE Mobile Broadband Data - Nationwide Coverage critical for automotive applications 3G in metropolitan areas 4G everywhere Nationwide Coverage by when? in 3 years = 2015? Map Source: Vodafone UMTS/HSPA coverage (2,100MHz) LTE outdoor coverage (800 MHz) 12 COPYRIGHT 2012 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

13 LTE TECHNOLOGY IN AUTOMOTIVE

14 LTE LONG TERM EVOLUTION TECHNICAL CHALLENGES ON THE AIR INTERFACE OFDM MIMO (2x2, 4x4, 8x8) Data Only, all IP >30 Frequency Bands between 700MHz to 2.6GHz LTE frequencies roll-out snapshot: Scalable Channel Bandwidth 1.4MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz and 20MHz US/Canada 700, 850 MHz 1.7/2.1, 1.9, 2.5 GHz Europe 800, 900 MHz 1.8, 1.9/2.1, 2.5 GHz FDD, TDD and half-duplex FDD Data Bandwith Limits Cat 3 UE 100 / 50 Mbps Cat 4 UE 150 / 50 Mbps Cat 5 UE 300 / MHz Channels and MIMO Latin America 450, 700, 850, 900 MHz 1.7/2.1, 1.8, 1.9, 2.5 GHz Source: ToddCarothers.com Asia-Pacific 450, 700, 850, 900 MHz 1.7, 1.8, 1.9/2.1, 2.3, 2.5 GHz Africa & Middle East 450, 800, 850, 900 MHz 1.8, 1.9/2.1, 2.5 GHz 14 COPYRIGHT 2012 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

15 MULTIPLE ANTENNAS CARS HAVE THE SPACE ALL IP SECURE EMBEDDED IP SYSTEM Various Frequeny Bands λ = 700MHz... λ = 2.6 GHz 4x4 MIMO Antenna placing SW defined radio meet the challenge 15 COPYRIGHT 2012 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

16 LTE AN ALL IP NETWORK Radio Access Network Core Network IPV4/V6 Dual Stack in all Network Elements! MME PCRF PDN enodeb enodeb SGW PGW Transport Network IPV4/IPV6 16 COPYRIGHT 2012 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

18 LTE AN ALL IP NETWORK Radio Access Network IPV4 Tunnel Core Network IPV6 MME PCRF PDN enodeb Modem enodeb HU ECUs Secure Embedded IP System SGW PGW OEM ICT Transport Network IPV4/IPV6 18 COPYRIGHT 2012 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

19 MOBILE BROADBAND DEMAND AND ISSUES

20 THE EMERGENCE OF MOBILE BROADBAND NETWORK GROWTH DRIVES NEED FOR NEW SOLUTIONS x30 over 5 years 3.7 billion smart phone connections by 2014 Internet over mobile >70% of mobile data by 2014 Source: Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs analysis 20 COPYRIGHT 20112ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

21 KNOWN CURES FOR IMPROVING THE USER EXPERIENCE Introduce 4G / LTE Technology This will raise the amount of network capacity and improve the user experience (similar to improvements made in wired networks of DSL or cable data) The downside: It requires more equipment, usually in another band (which can have worse loss characteristics) Move the antennas closer to the user to decrease over-the-air loss An important side effect is improved network capacity The downside: It requires even more equipment (more transmitter / receiver combinations; small cell sites) The Industry Goal is to Become Less-Obtrusive while using Less Power 21 COPYRIGHT 2012 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

22 THE LIMITS OF MACRO BASE STATION-ONLY STRATEGY CLAUDE SHANNON PREDICTED OUR DILEMMA NEAR A good experience Limits of 2G, 3G, 4G FAR A bad experience Peak data efficiency (bps/hz) 4 2 Infeasible region SHANNON-BOUND EV-DO LTE HSDPA Network load, frequency band, and distance all make a difference Signal-to-noise ratio (db) 22 COPYRIGHT 20112ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

23 TODAY S MACRO APPROACH IS INSUFFICIENT Macro is part of the solution, not the solution Poor in-building Penetration Rural Access Public Hot Spots Poor Residential Coverage Outdoor Hot Spots Indoor Hotspots Macro Throughput DL UL THE OBJECTIVE IS QOE EVERYWHERE Need for Extra capacity in Hotspot Need for Better UL+DL Avoiding new Macro deployment 23 COPYRIGHT 20112ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

24 IN-CAR CONNECTIVITY FOR SMARTPHONES AND TABLETS LTE 800MHz DRIVE TEST RESULT Good coverage with antennas on roof-top (out-car) Bad coverage with antennas inside (in-car) Cell-110 Cell COPYRIGHT 2012 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

25 Electro-Vehicles Heat Protection Shielding = Cellular Mobile Isolation Speed has most, Heating (winter rides) und Air Conditioning (sommer rides) have 2nd most inpact on the Cruising Range of electro vehicles Source: BMW Source: Audi Cruising Range Tests normal condition (23 degree celsius) and winter condition (-7 degree celsius) showed cruising range differences of more than 50% Current e-cars, mainly for urban areas, e.g. the MiEV, don t have heat protection shielding cruising range is not an issue for these type of cars (short distances, charging stations) Future e-cars, covering long distance and rural areas too, need innovative heating and protection means for range extension, which also is a Cellular Mobile Isolation (Farady Cage) COPYRIGHT 2012 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

26 SMALL CELLS TO THE RESCUE

27 SMALL CELLS TO THE RESCUE INDOOR COVERAGE ENTERPRISE COVERAGE OUTDOOR HOTSPOTS INDOOR HOTSPOTS OUTDOOR COVERAGE NEW TECHNOLOGY lightradio Network 27 COPYRIGHT 20112ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

29 INTERFERENCE MANAGEMENT DEDICATED CARRIER TODAY, SON & LTE TOMORROW TODAY Increased innovation TOMORROW Carrier #1 (macro) Carrier #2 (femto) Shared single carrier Shared multi-carrier REQUIREMENTS Automatic power control Automatic code allocation Automatic coverage optimization Measurements using network listening techniques and UE Automatic carrier selection Optimized access point selection Idle mode distribution Dynamic ICIC and multi-array antenna technologies BENEFITS Better coverage Improved spectral efficiency Reduced unnecessary handovers Reduced signalling load 29 COPYRIGHT 20112ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

30 3G HETEROGENOUS NETWORKS INTERFERENCE MANAGEMENT: SPLIT CARRIERS Automatic power control Automatic code allocation Automatic coverage optimization F1 F2 Macro cell Metrocell Interference zone Dynamic multi-array antenna technologies Fast moving users moved to macro only layer to avoid frequent handovers on metro/macro shared layer Measurements using network listening techniques & UE Idle mode distribution Automatic carrier selection Optimized access point selection Key optimizations for 3G HetNets 30 COPYRIGHT 20112ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

31 LTE HETEROGENOUS NETWORKS INTERFERENCE MANAGEMENT: ICIC Almost Blank Subframes Schedule Cell Inner Schedule Cell Border t Macrocell Layer t Metrocell Layer Increased metrocell coverage Higher spectral efficiency Improved handover reliability Future improvements with interference cancellation in devices 31 COPYRIGHT 20112ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

32 Plug & Play and SELF-OPTIMIZING NETWORKS INNOVATIONS TO CONTINUE THROUGH LTE-A Release 8 Release 9 Release 10 & Beyond Self- Configuration/ Plug & Play Neighbor Cell Relation & auto Cell ID Interference Co-Ordination (ICIC) Load Balancing Energy Savings Handover & RACH Optimization Coverage & Capacity Optimization E2E & HetNet Optimization Plug & Play Femtocell Automated Neighbor Cell Relation Inter-Cell Interference Cancellation based on Inter-cell Negotiation Reduces Hand Over failure Improves throughput/qoe Performance increase in call set up Self-Organizing/Optimizing Networks, a Bell Labs Research innovation 32 COPYRIGHT 20112ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

33 WiFi meets Cellular

34 WI-FI Meets CELLULAR 70% 1.3million 350% DEVICES AND APPS USERS ARE IN WI-FI COVERAGE ZONES MORE THAN 70% OF THE TIME DURING A 24 HOUR PERIOD TOTAL NUMBER OF WI-FI PUBLIC HOTSPOTS WORLDWIDE IN 2011 NUMBER OF GLOBAL PUBLIC HOTSPOTS SET TO GROW FROM 1.3 MILLION (2011) TO 5.8 MILLION (2015) 46% 3.7billion 129% CELLULAR SMARTPHONES AND TABLETS NOW REPRESENT 46% OF HOTSPOT CONNECTIONS WORLDWIDE 3.7 BILLION SMARTPHONE AND IP- ENABLED DEVICES BY 2014 WORLDWIDE APPLICATION DOWNLOADS TO RISE FROM 18.2b (2011) TO 41.7b (2015) x30 5.4million 65% MOBILE DATA TRAFFIC TO INCREASE BY A FACTOR OF 30 FROM 2010 TO 2015 TOTAL NUMBER OF WIRELESS BASE STATIONS WORLDWIDE IN 2011 PERCENTAGE OF CELLULAR TRAFFIC THAT CAN BE CARRIED OVER WI-FI UNDER TYPICAL USAGE CONDITIONS 34 COPYRIGHT 2012 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

36 BUT No QoS guarantees No strong security No implicit trust in operator No service bundling COMPLICATED AUTHENTICATION MANY SSIDs TO REMEMBER No unified billing No my content everywhere No Wi-Fi cellular mobility 36 COPYRIGHT 2012 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

37 trusted Wi-Fi SOLUTION TWAG Trusted WiFi Access Gateway ANDSF (3GPP TS R11) ACCESS NETWORK DISCOVERY AND SELECTION FUNCTION ONLINE CHARGING AAA HSS/HLR ENTERPRISE PCRF / ANDSF INTERNET HOTSPOT TWAG RESIDENTIAL PACKET CORE PGW/GGSN CDN END-TO-END NETWORK MANAGEMENT 37 COPYRIGHT 2012 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

38 Trusted Wi-Fi END-USER Benefits CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE Hot spots Small cells lightradio Network Macro cells Simple, seamless, automatic, secure, cost-effective Easy movement between cellular and Wi-Fi No SSID/authentication configuration Automatic network selection QoS guarantees Strong security Wi-Fi as easy to use as cellular with seamless and automatic authentication and operations 38 COPYRIGHT 2012 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

40 SUMMARY AUTOMOTIVE CONNECTIVITY INTO THE CLOUD BY CELLULAR WIRELESS LTE complements UMTS/HSPA on mobile broadband LTE a challenging radio interface (MIMO, multi Frequency bands, Carrier aggregation ) LTE is data only, all IP (IPV4, IPV6) LTE enables heterogenous networks with macro & small cells LTE enables heterogenous networks with multi-ran (incl. WiFi) 40 COPYRIGHT 2012 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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