Glass of the Future. Burnham Moores Center for Real Estate University of San Diego Master of Science in Real Estate Program. March 2014 Lori Malins

Transcription

1 Glass of the Future Burnham Moores Center for Real Estate University of San Diego Master of Science in Real Estate Program March 2014 Lori Malins

2 Table of Contents Introduction What is smart glass? Types of Smart Glass in Commercial Buildings Electrochromic Case Study Electrochromic Example in San Diego Benefits and Challenges of Electrochromic Glass Future of Smart Glass

3 Inefficient windows = wasted energy According to the U.S. Department of Energy, 25% to 35% of energy wasted in buildings is due to inefficient windows The California Energy Commission estimates that around 40% of a typical building s cooling requirements are due to solar heat gain through windows Windows are important factors in energy efficient buildings

4 Smart Glass in Commercial Buildings Glass or glazing that varies light transmittance and/or thermal properties of windows Types of Smart Glass Liquid Crystal Low E Thermochromic Electrochromic

5 Liquid Crystal Low E Thermochromic Electrochromic Allows light flow with privacy Used for privacy control Changes on demand with an electric current Advantages: Privacy at the flip of a switch, no window coverings needed Disadvantages: Does not conserve energy Detailed description here:

6 Liquid Crystal Low E Thermochromic Electrochromic Traditionally used energy efficient glass Glass treated with invisible metallic coating to reflect or trap light and heat Reduces the amount of ultraviolet light that enters your home without blocking visible light Advantages: Limits UV rays, reduces energy bill, prevents furniture from fading, reduces sound levels in home Disadvantages: More costly than regular glass, slight haze to windows, no manual control, no control over visible light Detailed description here:

7 Liquid Crystal Low E Thermochromic Electrochromic Tint level based on temperature of the material Adapts directly to changing sunlight intensity Combined with low e technology Advantages: Continuously adapts tint to sunlight to manage heat and glare, installation the same as traditional windows, No power supply needed, Disadvantages: Cannot be manually controlled, glass may not receive enough heat from direct sunlight to darken, added weight to insulated glass units Detailed description here:

8 Liquid Crystal Low E Thermochromic Electrochromic Electrical current creates chemical reaction causing window to tint Depending on electrical current, selectable darkness allows more control over sun levels Current is not required to maintain tint level, only to change color states Very little current needed (power entire building of electrochromic windows equal to one light bulb) Detailed description here: improvement/construction/green/smartwindow4.htm

9 Case Study Comparison Low E vs. Dynamic Glass Low Rise Office 4 stories, 80,000 sf VS $15.5M new construction 40% window to wall punched opening windows Packaged rooftop unit VAV Dynamic glass on E+W+S facades Traditional Building U Factor: 0.29 BTU/hr.ft2.F SHGC: 0.38 Tvis: 70% Manual shades on all sides Overhang on south façade Dynamic Building U Factor: 0.29 BTU/hr.ft2.F SHGC: Tvis: 3% 58% Manual shades on north façade * Provided by View Dynamic Glass

10 Cap Ex Low Rise Office Costs ($M) Low-e Dynamic Difference $1/sf premium for Dynamic Glass 0.5% premium of total building cost Glazing Electrical HVAC (0.21) Internal shades (0.13) External shades (0.10) Total Annual Operating Costs Low Rise Office ($k) 11% lower OPEX Energy HVAC maint Shading maint Low-e Dynamic Difference (7) (1) (2)

11 Windows 40% Traditional Building Internal Loads 54% Windows 31% Dynamic Building Savings 8% 8% lower peak cooling load Walls & Roof 6% Walls & Roof 6% Internal Loads 55% Savings 14% 14% HVAC and lighting electricity savings Lighting 45% Traditional Building Cooling 47% Lighting 38% Dynamic Building Cooling 41% Airflow/Pumps 8% Airflow/Pumps 7%

12 Example Project Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, California Part of Department of Defense s Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) Retrofit project 1,700 square feet of low performing clear glass replaced Estimated Results 23% reduction in HVAC peak cooling load 18% decrease in gas use 9% decrease in total energy use on annual basis

13 Tint change over 20 minutes

14 Smart Glass Electrochromic Glass Challenges Benefits New technology with technical glitches Higher upfront costs Instillation more difficult Higher maintenance costs Without proven track record, hard to prove cost benefits Does not replace blinds or other window treatments Long transition times Energy Savings and greater energy management Can include sensor to automatically tint windows Manual control of tint level of individual windows Greater management of heat and glare More natural light and uninterrupted views Increase occupant comfort and productivity Allows for greater window to wall ratios, while still meeting codes and energy efficiency objectives Applicable in new construction and retrofit buildings Earns points towards Leed

15 Dynamic Glass and LEED LEED Certification Points (up to 28 pts) Energy and atmosphere 18 Indoor environment quality Thermal comfort 1 Daylight 3 Quality views 1 Interior lighting 2 Sustainable sights 1 Material and Resources 2 * View Dynamic Glass

16 Future of Smart Glass Increase cost efficiencies Integration of smart glass with other electrical systems within building such as the HVAC and lighting systems Photovoltaic smart glass generating electricity while darkening windows with thin film of PV panel Wireless systems Other electronics in glass such as thermometer or display

17 Questions?

18 Links + Resources Ander, Gregg D. "Windows and Glazing." WBDG. Whole Building Design Guide, 18 June Web. 03 Mar < "Category: Dynamic Glass Suntuitive by Pleotint Dynamic Windows." Suntuitive by Pleotint. N.p., 17 Jan Web. 03 Mar < glass/1.html>. DeBusk, Steve. "New Low e Glass or Window Film? A Comparison to Help You Decide." Buildings.com. Buildings, 25 June Web. 03 Mar < details/articleid/14300/title/new low e glass or window film a comparison tohelp you decide.aspx>. "Dynamic Sun Activated SolarSmart Glass." Innovative Glass. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar < smart>. Gromicko, Nick, and Ethan Ward. "Low E Windows." Int'l Association of Certified Home Inspectors (InterNACHI). N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar < e windows.htm>. "Guide to Low E Glass." Lowes. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar < Heuser, Chris. View Workplace Low Rise Case Study. N.p.: View Dynamic Glass, n.d. PPT. Khowal, Deepika. "View Windows at MCAS." Telephone interview. 28 Feb "Marine Corps Air Station View." View. N.p., Web. 03 Mar <

19 Links + Resources continued "Pros and Cons of Low E Windows." DIY Home Improvement Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar < and cons of lowe windows#b>. "Smart Glass." Glazette. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar < Knowledge Bank 93/Smart Glass.html>. "Understanding Windows." Efficient Windows Collaborative. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar < Walsh, Dennis. "Smart Glass with a View." Green@work. Green@work, 12 Dec Web. 03 Mar < Wasco, Mick. "View Windows at MCAS." Personal interview. 27 Feb "What Are Smart Windows." Ravenbrick. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar < are smart windows/howit works/>. "Windows and Glazing ISustainable.org." ISustainable.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar < "Windows for High performance Commercial Buildings." N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar <

20 Links + Resources continued "Windows of the Future." Windows of the Future. Consumer Energy Center California Energy Comission, n.d. Web. 03 Mar <