Scientific name or Common Name
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1 Scientific name or Common Name?
2 COMMON NAME: American Hornbeam Blue beech Water beech Muscle wood Iron wood Which is it? Which is correct?
3 Scientific name: Carpinus caroliniana
4 Hint: The Envirothon Forestry Committee LOVES Scientific names!!!
5 TREE vs SHRUB One is Big, the other is Small - right???
6 TREE vs SHRUB TREE: Single main trunk Well defined crown At least ft. tall Shrub: Multiple branching at base No real crown Less than ft. tall (!!! Generally!!!)
7 But be careful!
8 What is a LEAF? Where does a leaf begin?
9 Leaf with bud in leaf axial
10
11
12 Venation: How the veins of the leaf are arranged Pinnate Palmate Parallel
13 Simple (pinnate leaf) Simple (palmate leaf) Compound (pinnate compound) Compound (palmate compound)
14
15 #1 DOES THE TREE HAVE EVERGREEN OR DECIDUOUS LEAVES?
16 EVERGREEN Leaves and Needles are persistent: at least for several years.
17 DECIDUOUS Trees with leaves that generally tend to fall off at the end of the current growing season.
18 Exceptions: Be careful!
19 #2 IF DECIDUOUS: WHAT IS THE LEAF AND STEM ARRANGEMENT?
20
21 Example of Whorled branching Catalpa
22 #2 IF DECIDUOUS: WHAT IS THE LEAF AND STEM ARRANGEMENT?
23 If opposite then: M A D Cat Horse M = Maple A = Ash D = Dogwood Cat = Catalpa Horse = Horse chestnut ALL THE REST ARE ALTERNATE* * mostly!
24 Some Maples (Acer sp.) (and others) But ALL opposite branching
25 The exception Box Elder, Acer negundo Hint: The Envirothon Forestry Committee has used Box Elder!!!
26 Ash (Fraxinus sp.) Leaves and twig twig fruit Emerald Ash borer
27 Flower Bud Fruit Leaves Dogwood, (Cornus sp.) Bark Flower head
28 Catalpa Horse chestnut
29 M A D Cat Horse Summary M Maple Cat Catalpa A Ash D Dogwood Horse Horse chestnut
30 Questions On opposites???????
31 #2 IF DECIDUOUS: WHAT IS THE LEAF AND STEM ARRANGEMENT?
32 Alternate Branching Trees Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra) Black Oak (Quercus velutina) White Oak (Quercus alba) Scarlet Oak (Quercus coccinea) Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) Chestnut Oak (Quercus prinus) Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica) Black Birch (Betula lenta) White Birch (Betula papyrifera) Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis) Gray Birch (Betula populifolia) Bitternut Hickory (Carya cordiformis) Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra) Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata) Mockernut Hickory (Carya tomentosa) American Chestnut (Castanea dentate) American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) Tulip Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Big Tooth Aspen (Populus grandidentata) American Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana) Eastern Hop Hornbeam or Ironwood (Ostrya virginiana) Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) Sassafras (Sassfras albidum) = 24 species
33 Oaks (Quercus sp.) - General Characteristics
34 1. Multiple terminal (end) buds
35 2. Fruit an Acorn
36 3. Five pointed pith
37 After you decide that you have an oak: Is it in the White Oak Group or the Red/Black Oak Group? A Cub Scout once told me.
38 White Oak Group White oak (Q. Alba) Post Oak (Q. stellata) Chestnut oak (Q. montana) Swamp White Oak (Q. bicolor)
39 Red/Black Oak Group Red Oak Q. rubra Scarlet Oak Q. coccinea Black Oak Q. velutina Pin Oak Q. palustris
40 Questions On Oaks???????
41 American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) Fruit an edible nut in a bur Smooth grey bark Long cigar shaped winter buds Frequent, prolific root sprouts
42 American Chestnut (Castanea dentata) Chestnut Blight (orange area)
43 Questions On Beech or Chestnut???????
44 Birches - (Betula sp.)
45 Birches - (Betula sp.) Yellow Birch Paper Birch Black Birch Grey Birch
46 Black Birch (Betula lenta) Smells STRONGLY of wintergreen! Scratch and sniff tree
47 Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis) Smells WEAKLY of wintergreen!
48 Grey Birch (Betula popufolia) Black, triangular chevrons on bark Catkins born singularly Leaves distinctly triangular
49 Paper birch (Betula papyrifera)
50 Questions On Birches???????
51 Hickories - (Carya sp.) General Characteristics 1. Pinnate Compound leaves 2. Alternate arranged toothed leaflets 4. Fruit, a nut enclosed in a husk 3. Generally large, conspicuous buds
52 Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata) 5 7 Leaflets, mostly 5, end leaflet generally larger Bark of mature tree
53 Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra) 5 7 leaflets, generally 5 End leaflet about the same size Bark close up
54 Mockernut Hickory (Carya tomentosa) End bud Hersey Kiss shaped 7 9 leaflets Twigs, buds, leafstalks with wooly hairs
55 Bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis) Leaflets 5 9 Bright, sulfur yellow bud scales
56 Questions On Hickories??????? A few Individual trees
57 Tulip Popular (Liriodendron tulipifera) Simple, pinnate leaves Missing point Large flowers June Fruit structure Old Growth N. Carolina
58 Questions On Liriodendron???????
59 Sassafras (Sassafras albidum) Leaves, 3 types Glove Mitten entire Scratch and sniff tree Twigs, small branches bright green
60 Questions On Sassafras???????
61 Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) Leaf underside: Note fine, orange hairs along midrib Scratch and sniff tree Bark Black knot of cherry (Dibotryon morbosum) older tree young tree
62 The Aspens (Populus sp.) Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Both have laterally flattened Leaf stems Big tooth Aspen (Populus grandidentata)
63 Questions On Prunus or Populus???????
64 The Needle Bearing Trees - pines, spruces, hemlock, junipers, larch
65 Pines (Pinus sp.) Needles born in CLUSTERS fascicles
66 White pine (Pinus strobus) White = 5 letters White Pine = 5 needles
67 Red Pine (Pinus resinosa) 2 needles per cluster
68 Eastern (Canadian) Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) Needles born singly Needles flattened White lines on underside of needle
69 Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Needles born on small Woody begs Needles are stiff, prickly
70 Eastern Juniper (Eastern red cedar) (Juniperus virginiana) Fruit, berry like But still a cone Wood used in Cedar chests, Cedar closets 2 needle types: Awl shaped Short, scale like Old field Growth habit
71 Questions On needle bearing trees???????
72 THE END
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