Introductory College Grammar and Writing

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1 Introductory College Grammar and Writing Practical Grammar for Developing Writers Second Edition Marian Anders Alamance Community College Carolina Academic Press Durham, North Carolina

2 Copyright 2013 Marian Anders All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Anders, Marian. Introductory college grammar and writing : practical grammar for developing writers / Marian Anders. -- Second Edition. pages cm ISBN (alk. paper) 1. English language--grammar. 2. English language--rhetoric. 3. Report writing. I. Title. PE1112.A dc Carolina Academic Press 700 Kent Street Durham, North Carolina Telephone (919) Fax (919) Printed in the United States of America

3 Contents Quick Reference Page xi Chapter 1 Verbs Compound Verbs EXERCISE 1.1 Finding Verbs EXERCISE 1.2 Finding Verbs EXERCISE 1.3 Finding Verbs Chapter 2 Subjects Finding the Subject EXERCISE 2.1 Finding the Subject EXERCISE 2.2 Finding the Subject EXERCISE 2.3 Finding the Subject Compound Subjects EXERCISE 2.4 Compound Subjects One Word Subjects EXERCISE 2.5 One Word Subjects Strange Subjects EXERCISE 2.6 Strange Subjects Chapter 3 Clauses and Phrases How to Tell if a Group of Words Is a Clause EXERCISE 3.1 Clauses and Phrases EXERCISE 3.2 Clauses and Phrases Prepositional Phrases EXERCISE 3.3 Prepositional Phrases Chapter 4 Sentence Types Part 1 Simple and Compound EXERCISE 4.1 Labeling Clauses EXERCISE 4.2 Simple and Compound Sentences EXERCISE 4.3 Simple and Compound Sentences EXERCISE 4.4 Simple and Compound Sentences Chapter 5 Independent and Dependent Clauses Subordinating Conjunctions Subordinating Conjunctions and Dependent Clauses EXERCISE 5.1 Subordinating Conjunctions EXERCISE 5.2 Independent and Dependent Clauses EXERCISE 5.3 Independent and Dependent Clauses EXERCISE 5.4 Independent and Dependent Clauses v

4 vi CONTENTS Chapter 6 Sentence Types Part 2 Simple, Compound, and Complex EXERCISE 6.1 Labeling Clauses EXERCISE 6.2 Complex Sentences with the Dependent Clause First EXERCISE 6.3 Mixed Complex Sentences EXERCISE 6.4 Mixed Complex Sentences EXERCISE 6.5 Simple and Complex Sentences EXERCISE 6.6 Complex and Compound Sentences EXERCISE 6.7 Complex and Compound Sentences EXERCISE 6.8 Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences EXERCISE 6.9 Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences EXERCISE 6.10 Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences Chapter 7 Sentence Fragments EXERCISE 7.1 Finding Fragments EXERCISE 7.2 Finding Fragments EXERCISE 7.3 Finding Fragments Fixing Fragments EXERCISE 7.4 Fixing Fragments by Erasing a Period EXERCISE 7.5 Fixing Fragments by Erasing a Subordinating Conjunction EXERCISE 7.6 Finding and Fixing Fragments EXERCISE 7.7 Finding and Fixing Fragments EXERCISE 7.8 Finding and Fixing Fragments Chapter 8 Finding Comma Splices and Run-ons EXERCISE 8.1 Comma Splices and Run-ons EXERCISE 8.2 Comma Splices and Run-ons Fixing Comma Splices and Run-ons First Method Semi-colon EXERCISE 8.3 Sentences with Semi-Colons Second Method Comma with a Coordinating Conjunction EXERCISE 8.4 Identifying Subordinating and Coordinating Conjunctions EXERCISE 8.5 Sentences with Coordinating Conjunctions EXERCISE 8.6 Fixing Comma Splices and Run-ons with a Coordinating Conjunction or a Semi-colon EXERCISE 8.7 Fixing Comma Splices and Run-ons with a Coordinating Conjunction or a Semi-colon EXERCISE 8.8 Fixing Comma Splices and Run-ons with a Coordinating Conjunction or a Semi-colon Third Method Subordinating Conjunction EXERCISE 8.9 Fixing Comma Splices and Run-ons with a Subordinating Conjunction EXERCISE 8.10 Fixing Comma Splices and Run-ons with a Subordinating Conjunction EXERCISE 8.11 Fixing Comma Splices and Run-ons with Any Method You Like EXERCISE 8.12 Fixing Comma Splices and Run-ons with Any Method You Like

5 CONTENTS vii Chapter 9 Mechanics Capital Letters EXERCISE 9.1 Capital Letters More Capitals EXERCISE 9.2 More Capitals Advanced Capitals EXERCISE 9.3 Advanced Capitals Quotation Marks EXERCISE 9.4 Quotation Marks EXERCISE 9.5 Quotation Marks Numbers EXERCISE 9.6 Numbers Chapter 10 Punctuation Commas EXERCISE 10.1 Commas in a List EXERCISE 10.2 Commas in Dates and Place Names EXERCISE 10.3 Commas in Compound Sentences EXERCISE 10.4 Analyzing Comma Jobs EXERCISE 10.5 All Three Comma Jobs EXERCISE 10.6 All Three Comma Jobs EXERCISE 10.7 All Three Comma Jobs Apostrophes EXERCISE 10.8 Apostrophes in Contractions EXERCISE 10.9 Apostrophes for Possession EXERCISE Both Apostrophe Jobs EXERCISE Both Apostrophe Jobs Chapter 11 Homophones Homophones Part One EXERCISE 11.1 Homophones Part One Homophones Part Two EXERCISE 11.2 Homophones Part Two Homophones Part Three EXERCISE 11.3 Homophones Part Three

6 viii CONTENTS Chapter 12 The Writing Process Writing a Paragraph Is Like Baking a Birthday Cake Steps for Baking a Cake Steps for Writing a Paragraph Don t Skip the First Step! Freewriting Listing Clustering One More Method Talking EXERCISE 12.1 Gathering Ideas Drafting and Revision Purpose and Audience Different Types of Purposes Different Types of Audiences EXERCISE 12.2 Audience Point and Support Enough Reasons EXERCISE 12.3 Enough Reasons Strong, Specific Details EXERCISE 12.4 Specific Details EXERCISE 12.5 Writing Specific Details Relevant Support EXERCISE 12.6 Relevant Support Organization/Structure EXERCISE 12.7 Organization EXERCISE 12.8 Organization EXERCISE 12.9 Outlining Transitions Practice with Time Order Transitions EXERCISE Finding Time Order Transitions EXERCISE Writing Time Order Transitions Practice with List Order Transitions EXERCISE Finding List Order Transitions EXERCISE Writing List Order Transitions FAQ Frequently Asked Questions Editing Formatting Your Paper

7 CONTENTS ix Chapter 13 Writing Different Kinds of Paragraphs Narration Telling a Story Thinking of Ideas (Invention) for Your Narrative Paragraph Rough Draft of a Narrative Paragraph Things to Think About When You Revise After Revision Inspiration Exemplification Giving Examples Thinking of Ideas (Invention) for Your Exemplification Paragraph Things to Think About When You Revise Funny Exemplification Paragraph Serious Exemplification Paragraph Process Analysis Telling the Steps Thinking of Ideas (Invention) for Your Process Analysis Paragraph Things to Think About When You Revise Process Analysis Paragraph # Process Analysis Paragraph # Exposition Proving a Point Things to Think About When You Revise Stellar Stellar Paragraph Describing a Person Vacation Vacation Paragraph Keystone Inspiration Classification Telling the Different Kinds Thinking of Ideas (Invention) for your Classification Paragraph Working on Structure Two Ways to Write Your Topic Sentence Things to Think About When You Revise Rough Draft of a Classification Paragraph After Revision Compare or Contrast Telling Similarities or Differences Thinking of Ideas (Prewriting) for Your Compare or Contrast Paragraph Working on Structure Things to Think About When You Revise Rough Draft of a Contrast Paragraph After Revision Discovery Writing to Figure Something Out Things to Think About When You Revise Your Rock Unexpected The Genie Mr. Clean or Pig Pen Two Roads Inspiration

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