FACTS OF TECHNICAL ENGINEERING INSTITUTES OF PUNJAB: AN OVERVIEW

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1 58 FACTS OF TECHNICAL ENGINEERING INSTITUTES OF PUNJAB: AN OVERVIEW *PARTEEK SHARMA, **DR. HARSH SADAWARTI, ***DR.BIMAL ANJUM *Department of Computer Science Engineering **Director, RIMT Institute of Engineering & Technology MandiGobindgarh, Punjab INDIA ***Department of Management Studies RIMT Institute of Engineering & Technology MandiGobindgarh, Punjab INDIA ABSTRACT This research paper is with reference to the facts on engineering institutes of growing countries like India taking reference of Punjab, India. In this research we studied technical university and engineering institutes of Punjab and created a report which is represented through this research paper in front of readers and research scholar. We want to represent the true picture of technical university and engineering institute of developing countries taking Punjab region India as reference through this research paper. KEYWORDS: Engineering Education, Growing countries, India, Punjab, Technical Education 1 Introduction Education as the prime sense is any act or experience that has a decisive effect on the mind, character, or physical ability of an individual. In its technical sense, education is the process by which people consciously transmits the collected knowledge, skills, and values from one generation to another. The word education is derived from educare (Latin) "bring up", which is related to educere "bring out", "bring forth what is within", "bring out potential" and to lead. Higher education includes teaching, research and social services activities of universities, and within the area of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level (sometimes referred to as tertiary education) and the graduate (or postgraduate) level (sometimes referred to as graduate school). Higher education generally involves work towards a degree-level or foundation degree qualification. In most developed countries a high proportion of the population (up to 50%) now enters higher education at some time in their lives. Higher education is therefore very important to national economies, both as a significant industry in its own right, and as a source of trained and educated persons for the rest of the economy.

2 59 Engineering is the discipline, art, skill and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, mathematical, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes that safely realize improvements to the lives of people. The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development (ECPD, the predecessor of ABET)has defined "engineering" as: The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behavior under specific operating conditions; all as respects an intended function, economics of operation and safety to life and property. Engineering, much like other science, is a broad discipline which is further divided into several sub-disciplines. These disciplines concern themselves with differing areas of engineering work. Although initially an engineer will usually be trained in a specific discipline, throughout an engineer's career the engineer may become multi-disciplined, having worked in several of the outlined areas. Engineering is often characterized as having four main branches i.e. chemical, civil, mechanical, Electrical Engineering. Beyond this there are many branches or discipline over various fields depending on its classification. 2. Education in India In India, there are several engineering colleges imparting undergraduate and graduate courses in engineering, applied engineering and sciences. The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the National Institutes of Technology (NITs) are the renowned and reputed institutes in the country. Apart from them UIT(university institute of technology)bhopal, BITS-Pilani, Anna university, DCE Delhi, NSIT Delhi, Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, Jadavpur University, Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Indian Institute of Information Technology, Thapar University, MIT Manipal, Punjab Engineering College Chandigarh and BIT Mesra are the other important engineering colleges. The Indian Institute of Technology (IITs) has fifteen centers located in Kharagpur, Bombay, Madras, Kanpur, Delhi, Guwahati, Roorkee, Gandhinagar, Hyderabad, Jodhpur, Bhubaneswar, Ropar, Patna, Indore and Mandi. Also included in this list is Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad and IT-BHU.

3 60 With the plan to set up eight more IITs in the states of Rajasthan, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Punjab, and the conversion of IT-BHU to an IIT, the total number of IITs will be increased to 16. Six of the eight proposed new IITs, namely, Rajasthan, Bihar (Patna), Andhra Pradesh (Hyderabad), Orissa (Bhubaneshwar), Gujarat (Gandhinagar) and Punjab, are functional as of June 2008 and admitting students for the '09 academic year. All IITs are autonomous universities that draft their own curricula, and they are, with the exception of IIT Kanpur, members of LAOTSE, an international network of universities in Europe and Asia. LAOTSE membership allows the IITs to exchange students and senior scholars with universities in other countries. Punjab Technical University (commonly known as PTU) at Jalandhar was established by an act of State Legislature on 16 Jan 1997, to promote technical, management and pharmaceutical education in the Punjab state at the degree level and above. Being an education and research university, it has a mandate to set up centers of excellence in emerging technologies and for promoting training and research and development in these areas. PTU has 108 Engineering colleges, 185 management colleges, 37 pharmacy colleges, 7 architecture colleges, 41 B.Sc. MLT colleges and 42 hotel management and catering technology colleges, and 302 learning centers under distance education. It has taken new initiatives in technical education to provide latest trends in technology and give opportunities to student and faculty to interact with the technology leaders in the country including e-governance to PTU. Admission to undergraduate B.Tech and integrated M.Tech programs are through IIT-JEE (the Joint Entrance Examination) in which around 400,000 students appear annually out of which only 5,500 get selected. Admission to most postgraduate courses in IITs is granted through various written entrance examinations: GATE (for M.Tech.), JAM (for M.Sc.) and CEED (for M.Des.). The admission for Ph.D. program is based primarily on a personal interview, though candidates may also have to appear for written tests. The IITs are also well known for their special reservation policy, which is significantly different from the one applied in other educational institutions of India. The National Institutes of Technology (NIT) are premier colleges of engineering and technology education in India. They were originally called Regional Engineering Colleges (RECs). In 2002, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, decided to upgrade, in phases, all the original 17 Regional Engineering Colleges (RECs) as National Institutes of Technology (NITs). There are currently 20 NITs, the latest being NIT, Agartala. The Government of India has introduced the National Institutes of Technology (NIT) Act 2007 to bring 20 such institutions within the ambit of the act and to provide them with complete autonomy in their functioning. The NITs are deliberately scattered throughout the country in line with the

4 61 government norm of an NIT in every major state of India to promote regional development. The individual NITs, after the introduction of the NIT Act, have been functioning as autonomous technical universities and hence can draft their own curriculum and functioning policies. The admission to undergraduate programs of all the NITs is done by the All India Engineering Entrance Examination popularly known as AIEEE. In addition to the NITs, a host of other wellknown national level reputed institutes like DCE, NSIT, IIITs, PEC, Thapar University, DA-IICT, BIT Mesra accept students from this examination. The examination is objective by nature and will be conducted by the Central Board of Secondary Education popularly known as the CBSE until More than eight lakh(800,000) students appeared in 2008 for around 9000 seats in the B. Tech and B. Arch programmes available in all the NITs put together. Academic Session 2009 onwards the NITs have been entrusted with the task of organizing the AIEEE right from setting the question paper up to the counseling of students through their own set up under one umbrella, which will automatically entail the administrative procedure of the whole process. Every year from 2009 an elected set of NITs selected on a rotation basis will take individual turns to conduct the exam at the national level just like the IITs do for the IIT-JEE. 2.1 Information Gathering There has been very little research on education in India as population due to several key factors such as Social, legal and political issues and size or scale of education in India. So for our research in this case we took a comparatively smaller region of our country i.e. Punjab having area of sq. km and selection of the region was based on the criteria that we have vast diversity of Engineering Education available in this region. Punjab is served by sixteen public institutes of higher education (listed below). All the major arts, humanities, science, engineering, law, medicine, veterinary science, and business courses are offered, leading to first degrees as well as postgraduate awards. Advanced research is conducted in all major areas of excellence. Punjab Agricultural University is one of the world's leading authorities in agriculture. It was instrumental and played vital role in Punjab's Green Revolution in the 1960s-70s.he other being Indian Institute of Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjabi University Panjab University, Punjab Engineering College, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab Technical University, Desh Bhagat Institute of Engineering and Management,Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Punjab Veterinary Sciences University, Talwandi Sabo, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research,Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Thapar University, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, LudhianaIndian Institute of Science Education and Research, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research are major player of Technical Institutes of Punjab.

5 62 All of these University, Institutes were surveyed and checked with other references and historical data and some Conclusion were Drawn Qualitative analysis of data Collected data was qualitatively analyzed and finding was found accordingly which made a clear picture of technical Education in this part of the world i.e. India which is a developing nation. 3 Results The first Category of result is based on availability of total number of seats available according to timeline since 1995 till date. The data is represented in table 1 and figure 1. Table 1 Showing Total availability of number of seats in institutes of Punjab Year Number of seats Fig1. Showing Total availability of number of seats in institutes of Punjab Table 1 and Figure 1 shows us that we have currently seats in technical institutes of Punjab in year 2012.Which were just 3200 in the year 1995 and having average growing rate of 10% approximate. The division of data is as following for years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2011, 2012are 8000, 32000, , respectively.

6 63 Table 2 showing number of engineering colleges according to timeline. Year Number Engineering college of Figure 2 showing number of engineering colleges according to timeline. Table 2 and Figure 2 shows us data about number of engineering colleges in Punjab according to timeline. There were just 8 engineering colleges in Punjab now this number has gone up to staggering 158in the year Table3 showing number of engineers created in Punjab according to timeline. Year Number of Engineers created Figure 3 showing number of engineers created in Punjab according to timeline. Table 3 and figure 3 here is displaying number of engineers created in engineering institute of Punjab according to timeline. According to our study there are engineers created annually in the year Which were just 2830 in the year 1995 with the growing rate of 15% approximately.

7 64 Table 4 showing number of PHD awarded from the year 1995 to Year Number of PhD Awarded Figure 4 showing number of PHD awarded from the year 1995 to Table 4 and Figure 4 shows us number of Doctorate degree awarded in the timeline of year 1995 to The data shows that there were only 12 Doctorate Degree awarded in the year 1995 which has now increased to 64 per annum. 4 Conclusion This data gives us a clear picture of where does technical education stands in this part of the world. We derived that it is increasing with very fast pace and large number of quality engineers are produced every year. References: Agarwal D.P (2009), Quality Technical Education: Role of Teaching Learning Process, The Indian Journal of Technical education, New Delhi, Indian Society for Technical Education, Vol. 32, No.1,Jan-Mar, pp Agarwal Pawan (2009), Indian Higher Education: Envisioning The Future, Sage Bhattacharya, S.K. (2008), TQM Reengineering and Benchmarking for Engineering Education, The Indian Journal of Technical Education, New Delhi, Indian Society for Technical education, Vol. 31,No.3, Jul-Sept, pp Higher Education.Archived from the original on Retrieved Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 97, No. 1, pp , 2008.

8 65 Managing Quality with Quantity in a Higher Technical Education Institute. D S Grewal, Ninth AIMS International Conference on Management January 1-4, 2012 Managing Quality with Quantity in a Higher Technical Education Institute. D S Grewal, Ninth AIMS International Conference on Management January 1-4, 2012 Mittar, V. Singh, S. and Brar, J.S. (2002), Changing Structure of Education in Punjab: Some Issues and Policy Recommendations, Publication Bureau, Punjabi University, Patiala ISBN: Punjab Development Report, Government of India (prepared by CRRID, Chandigarh). (2003): Usability Engineering by Jakob Nielsen San Francisco, ISBN World Bank (2000): Higher Education in Developing Countries: Peril and Promise, World Bank, Washington DC.