Meeting the Energy & Carbon Challenge

Transcription

1 Meeting the Energy & Carbon Challenge Keele University s Energy Management Plan 2013 to 2015

2 Contents Foreword by Professor Nick Foskett - Vice Chancellor (DRAFT)... 2 Introduction and Energy Planning Process... 3 Energy Reduction... 5 Energy Management: Strategy... 9 Energy Management: Action Plan Alternative Energy Sources and Carbon Management Delivery Integrating Energy Management with Our Carbon Management Strategy Annex A EnMS Boundary... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex B Energy Management Responsibility... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3 Foreword by Professor Nick Foskett - Vice Chancellor Our Last Energy Policy issued in 2006 began to spell out the big challenges we as a University face, the need to work across all departments of the University to help tackle climate change by cutting carbon emissions and the need to ensure we have secure energy supplies. Both are vital for our future prosperity. Both are organisational issues that call for unanimous support across the University. The UK s reserves of oil and gas are declining. While reserves still remain in the North Sea, production has past its peak and is now significantly falling. The University is working to expand its supply options, but the message remains clear, we need to reduce our dependency on imports in an environment where supplies are becoming less stable. This Energy Management Plan sets out a framework for action to address these challenges and help us manage these risks on the University campus. It sets out our strategy which recognises that we need to tackle carbon emissions and energy security together. Influenced by previous policy, Keele University has made a good start. The University signed up in 2010 to the Higher Education Carbon Management Plan, including commitments to replacing ageing technologies and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. We are also actively exploring alternative supply initiatives such as Coal Bed Methane and large scale renewables Our measures will help us all to become more energy efficient, showing campus visitors and other Universities how they can cut their energy use, how they can limit their emissions and setting tougher standards for the projects we develop and the products we buy. We also want to mobilise the enthusiasm and potential of all individuals and groups to reduce their own personal impact on the environment. We are therefore bringing forward a range of initiatives to support everyone on campus in becoming more aware and ultimately more environmentally conscious; this includes embedding sustainability principles in our educational curriculum. Our aim is to ensure that the University has a wide range of low carbon options available, so that we can retain a diverse energy mix, which is good for our security of supply and will help us to become a low carbon campus. This is why we are strengthening our focus for renewable electricity and will be launching projects which will include the upgrade and replacement of our campus wide energy infrastructure. We are also proposing reforms to our space management system, so that our assets are handled in a more efficient way for students and staff. All students and staff are actively encouraged to support the aims of the Energy Management Plan and any suggestions to further improve energy efficiency and waste reduction would be most welcome.

4 Introduction and Energy Planning Process Keele University, in common with every other Higher Education Institution of the UK, has a challenge. Energy is essential for economic growth and although the link between growth and energy use has become weaker, the sector s demand for energy is increasing rapidly, leading to greater competition for finite natural resources. Energy that comes from fossil fuels produces greenhouse gases which if not mitigated, threaten the stability of our climate. Keele University needs, therefore, to establish a strategy which delivers both energy and climate security. It is not sustainable to achieve one without the other. The investment decisions made over the next three years will be critical in determining the University s energy and supply security and, therefore, its economic future. Electricity and heat can be generated locally from renewable sources, making valuable carbon savings. Losses incurred in transmitting nationally generated electricity to the point of use can be significantly reduced. The cost of plant means that many of the options for generating heat renewably have to be centralised. Even where fossil fuels are used, Combined Heat and Power (CHP) can, in the right setting, ensure that these fuels are used more efficiently by capturing and using heat and generating electricity in a single process. A more campus based energy system would also lead to greater individual awareness of energy and its implications for carbon emissions, driving a change in social attitudes and, in turn, greater energy efficiency. Keele University has some of the richest renewable resources in the UK, particularly, in terms of wind. If these resources can be captured effectively, they can make a significant contribution to the University s long- term energy goals, relating to carbon emissions and security of supply. Furthermore, the reduction of carbon emissions is a key part of Keele University s strategic aim to develop an environmentally aware and sustainable outward- facing campus community, Strategic Aim 5 It provides a direction and intent against which supporting documentation including the Carbon Management Plan and energy related practices are shaped against. This plan also serves to implement areas of University Strategy, particularly in the management of the Estate. This Energy Management Plan sets out Keele University s organisational commitment to achieving energy performance improvement. It is a core element of the University s Energy Management System (EnMS). Specific property assets included within the boundary are identified in Annex A of the Energy Management Plan. Whilst not included within the scope of the EnMS, this Energy Management Plan is applicable to the Keele University Campus in its entirety, including the operation of Keele Science Park, Keele Park Developments and Keele University Science and Business Park. The off campus facility at the University Hospital of North Staffordshire, where the energy provision is managed by the NHS Trust and supporting PFI Agreement, is not included within

5 the EnMS or the Energy Management Plan, although it is anticipated that best practice and working standards will influence behaviour in these areas. In preparation of the Energy Management Plan this document has considered the review of past and present energy consumption, alongside the Estates Strategy, to determine the objectives and actions that form the content of the Plan. The diagram in Figure 1 below illustrates the high level planning process that has been followed. Please note that this is under review as part of the EnMS, so may be subject to change. Figure 1: University Energy Planning Process The Energy Management Plan is implemented in support of our Estates Strategy In line with this strategy the energy review of individual buildings within the scope for the Energy Management System (EnMS), will be reviewed at regular intervals under the procedure for Energy Review.

6 Energy Reduction On the campus, the University has already started to take action to build on the growing interest amongst Faculties, Directorates and individuals in playing a direct part in tackling climate change by saving energy. Sustainable Procurement Keele University recognises that we need to take action here. Many energy using products like domestic appliances and IT equipment are bought by the University. To be fully effective there needs to be internal agreements on higher standards of energy efficiency. Purchasing procedures will press for higher standards to ensure that only products with a high standard of Energy Efficiency are procured. All Faculties and Directorates are encouraged to work with suppliers to deliver commitments to promote co- operation on product labelling and standards. Environmental Conditions All Faculties and Directorates can help to save energy by effectively controlling our environmental conditions. The Estates and Development Directorate will ensure that temperature levels will be operated and controlled within the limits set out in the Control of Fuel and Electricity (Heating Control Amendment) Order and the temperature in workrooms should normally be at least 16 o C one hour after the declared heating time start. The regulations do not state an upper temperature limit; however, supplementary guidance would suggest that institutions should endeavour to do all that is reasonably practicable to maintain temperatures to a level not exceeding 30 o C. Keele University s owned and controlled buildings are generally heated to a target maximum internal space temperature as recommended in the Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) guidance during the heating season. These levels shall only be raised following approval from the University. With the exception of local controls, for example thermostatic radiator valves, all environmental condition settings shall be maintained and adjusted by the Estates and Development Directorate to meet the requirements of building users. Developing Projects To ensure that Keele University are consistently reducing energy use and carbon emissions, we must ensure that we have a strong pipeline of projects to deliver savings. The University will develop plans which will aim to reduce carbon emissions associated with the University s operations. These are likely to include: a) Building use and Communication: Education of campus users to improve awareness. Display of energy use within buildings to occupants in a clear and understandable format. Competitions between campus buildings and areas for reductions in waste and energy use. Utilisation of space through effective management procedures. b) Building Elements:

7 Good solar design. Maximising daylight within buildings. Use of energy saving building materials and construction techniques. Use of materials with low embodied carbon. Use of materials sourced on or within a close proximity to the campus. Re- use of building materials and aggregates. Reducing air permeability of buildings. Improving the thermal properties of buildings by selecting elements with a low U- value (thermal transmittance) and high insulation properties. c) Building Services: Minimisation of mechanical air conditioning plant for cooling. Utilisation of passive ventilation Use of free cooling. Installation of low- energy lighting with intelligent controls. Variable Speed Motors and Drives (VSD s). Geothermal energy capture. Procurement of low energy portable electrical equipment. Improving thermal insulation to mechanical and electrical elements. Research including carbon capture and storage, geo- thermal and fuel cells. Installation of rain water harvesting equipment. Use of solar thermal for hot water generation. Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Installation. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) installations. Retro commissioning of existing building services installations to ensure full operating efficiency. Any other appropriate Low and Zero Carbon (LZC) fuel source or technology. The above proposals will all be evaluated from both a cost and environmental perspective, taking due account of life cycle costing, reduction in CO 2 and return on investment. All new projects across the University, which are required to go through the formal Project Approval Form (PAF) process, will also have to provide an evaluation of energy consumption and carbon emissions before obtaining approval. Maintenance of Plant and Equipment Correct and regular maintenance of plant and equipment is essential to ensure that it runs in its most efficient state at all times. Maintenance also helps to prolong the life of plant and will help to reduce energy use and carbon emissions arising, for example, from premature replacement with such items as emergency electric heating in the event of a failure. The University, led by the Estates and Development Directorate, shall ensure that procedures are in place to:

8 a) Establish manufacturers recommended standards of inspection and maintenance. b) Regularly check boiler consumption, efficiency and thermostatic controls. c) Regularly check and maintain taps, valves and pipe work to ensure they are leak free. d) Regularly clean and service heat exchangers and ventilation plant filters. e) Inspect, repair and keep in good condition all thermal insulation. f) Ensure that any maintenance or commissioning activity resulting in the need to temporarily use a more energy intensive replacement, shall be completed as soon as practically possible. g) Allow for diversity of energy supplies to maximise the use of onsite generated carbon free energy and the changes in supply market forces. h) Seek external funding where possible. Space Electrical Heating It is recognised that to maintain a comfortable working environment or to prevent damage to buildings, there will be instances when portable electric heaters will be required. However, in addition to being considerably more expensive than gas, the use of electricity for space heating produces nearly three times the amount of carbon emissions than typically produced by gas- fired space heating plant. Therefore, the use of portable electrical heaters should be avoided in any University premises except: a) Where they are installed as part of a fixed heating system or either: A feasibility study has shown that there is no other alternative, or The primary source of energy will be carbon free electric generated by on- site renewable sources. b) Where they are issued by Estates and Development in order to maintain acceptable environmental temperatures following a breakdown or performance issue with the primary heating system. c) To allow for out- of- hours working when they are proven to provide a more efficient solution than the primary heating system, which in its operation, would unnecessarily heat unoccupied spaces. All heaters provided shall have pre- set time and temperature settings to enable prudent and safe use by avoiding heaters being left operational when unattended. The Estates and Development Directorate will keep records of such issues and shall make proper arrangements to withdraw heaters from use when the conditions which necessitated their use have abated. Due to Health & Safety and fire risks, staff should not provide or bring to their place of work any electrical heaters for use on the University s premises. Further to increasing our carbon emissions, the use of unplanned additional electric heaters will also cause disruptions to the local Building Management System (BMS), which will serve to further worsen any under-

9 heating issue. Any unapproved heating devices are liable to be removed from the area and confiscated for the safety of people and the building. All Staff and Students are encouraged to report instances of under or over- heating to the Estates and Development Directorate in the first instance.

10 Energy Management: Strategy The starting point for Keele University s Energy Strategy is to reduce energy consumption. It is often the easiest and most economical way of reducing carbon emissions, certainly in the short- term. As well as saving energy we also need to work hard to secure clean supplies. The key elements of Keele University s Energy Management Strategy are as follows: Effective energy management and information: Site performance targets will be agreed and published by the University. We will all need to contribute to achieving these targets as they form a critical part in our plans to reduce energy costs and carbon emissions in line with our institutional targets. Energy consumptions will be recorded monthly for all locations. The University is already well progressed with the roll out half hourly metering and this will continue to grow so that we have live energy usage data available to inform action planning and decision making. We will also look at the viability of moving towards a position where Faculties and Directorates have the ability to monitor and take responsibility for their own energy usage, which will allow comparisons against targets and required reductions. The University has recently developed a reporting tool which monitors energy usage across site and ensures compliance with all the relevant bodies including HEFCE, DECC and the Environment Agency. New builds and major refurbishments to achieve set environmental assessment criteria: All new builds and major refurbishments should follow strict guidance from Part L of Building Regulations to endeavour to achieve an Energy Performance Certification rating of A. Performance specifications and guidelines will be maintained to inform the design process for new buildings and refurbishments works. An Environmental Assessment will also be completed on all projects, with the aim of achieving a Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) rating of excellent or better. Water management: As with energy, the University will set and publish site performance targets for water. Reducing Keele University s water consumption not only helps the University to save money, but also reduces the carbon emissions associated with treating and pumping water. The University s Energy Manager will monitor site water usage on a daily basis and will release periodical reports and information on operational procedures concerned with effective reductions in water use. Annual Energy and Water Report Annual reports for energy and water will be produced by the University detailing: 1. The University s achievements to date. 2. Plans for the coming year, in line with the University Strategic Plan and the Estates Strategy and Implementation Plans. 3. Adjustments/updates required to this Energy Management Plan to reflect changes in technologies available and/or the University s requirements. 4. Updates on the energy markets and predicted movements for the coming year. 5. List of responsibilities for each area/entity.

11 6. Co- operation with external entities including the: Association of University Engineers AUE. Carbon Trust Network. Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers CIBSE. Environmental Association for Universities and Colleges EAUC.

12 Energy Management: Action Plan Statistics The University s total fuel consumption in 2012/13 (present financial year) is budgeted at approximately 45 million kwh at a cost of 2.5m. In addition, the University is predicted to consume approximately 230,000 m 3 of water at a cost of 500k. The management of these resources has an important part to play in providing a sustainable campus. Since 2006/07 our consumptions have reduced by approximately 3%, however, utility costs to the University have risen by more than 90%. The strategic goal is to reduce the University s energy consumption and CO 2 emissions over the next subsequent years leading up to 2020 in line with HEFCE targets. The University will concentrate on the following specific areas to achieve a total reduction in consumption of a targeted 34% by 2020 as a minimum: Monitoring, targeting and control. Staff and Student awareness. Estate rationalisation. Technical improvements. Monitoring, Targeting and Control The management of energy is the means by which one learns how an organisation has performed in the past, how it is performing today and how it could and should be performing in the future. It is an established principle that you can only manage that which you can measure. Monitoring and Targeting (M&T) therefore provides the ability to enforce this requirement in a disciplined and reliable manner, which will ensure that the University meets its commitment to planned improvements in the efficient use of energy. Part of M&T is the development of an automated meter reading and data collection system. This system will enable accurate data to be compiled automatically, allowing appropriate and timely information to be made available and allow more complex analysis of energy consumption throughout the University, thus informing the decision making process Staff and Student Awareness Negative attitudes towards energy usage, such as don t pay, don t care, can be hugely negative to our energy reduction aims. Staff and Students must be encouraged to accept ownership and avoid unnecessary waste if the aims of the University are to be realised. Creating a culture within the organisation that, where necessary, changes everyone s attitude and behaviour is therefore fundamental to this plans success. Furthermore, the awareness campaigns will need be repeated to ensure consistency as new students and staff join the University each year. Energy Conservation will be promoted through a number of mechanisms:

13 a) Sustainability being a core part in all job descriptions. b) Training and awareness raising for all campus users. c) Consideration of energy recharges and responsible persons. d) Energy competitions and league tables. e) Publicity. Increasing awareness as to what is being carried out and what more can be done, why it is beneficial and how each individual can help is the key to improving the University s overall energy performance. The Energy Awareness Campaigns aim to address all of the above. Estate Rationalisation Rationalisation of the Estate in line with the Estates Strategy and provision of services, will provide the opportunity to dispose of or significantly improve inefficient buildings. Whilst ensuring that it makes maximum use of its retained assets, the University has a clear objective to improve the quality of services wherever possible and it is therefore essential that its resources be utilised in the most effective manner. Building on this, we must ensure that our space utilisation is one of the best in the sector. There is no need to build more if we do not use what we already have! Effective space management of all Faculty and Directorate spaces is essential as we move forward. Technical Improvements Understanding where and how energy is consumed is vital to the preparation and evaluation of any proposal. The majority of the University s energy is produced from fossil fuels i.e. gas in boilers for space heating and domestic hot water. This energy is equivalent to 29,600MWh (2011/12 figure), which represents approximately 70% of total energy consumed on the University and produces approximately 5,500 tonnes of CO 2. However, whilst electricity only represents approximately 30% of the actual consumption at 12 million kwh (2011/12 figure), it equates to approximately 48% of total expenditure and produces approximately 6,300 tonnes of CO 2. It is essential that the University invests in measures which meet with both its legislative responsibility and financial requirements. All saving initiatives will be assessed against the following criteria: Payback period (using life cycle costing). Revenue costs. Capital cost. Project life. Benefit to any backlog maintenance reduction. Environmental improvement, and Improved sustainability. Consideration of all the above elements enables measures to be ranked accordingly. Furthermore, the selected requirements and their relative importance may be changed to facilitate any programme alterations. The proposed list of technical improvements is directed towards identifying those schemes that represent best value for money at today s

14 prices. In addition, the energy market is volatile with prices of commodities forever moving, generally in the direction of higher costs. These variations need to be continually reviewed to ensure that the University is well placed to gain maximum benefit.

15 Alternative Energy Sources and Carbon Management While saving energy is often the most cost effective way to reduce emissions, if we are to meet the targets set out in our Carbon Management Plan (CMP), we also need to move towards cleaner energy supplies for heat and electricity. Heat and Distributed Energy Most of the heat on campus comes from gas that is fed through the campus- wide gas network. This gas can be converted to useful heat at over 90% efficiency in modern condensing boilers. The University s centralised network system has kept costs down through economies of scale and allowed us to provide secure, cost- effective delivery of gas directly to all areas of the University. The largest and most cost- effective carbon saving Keele University can make in the short to medium- term will therefore come through improved energy efficiency, supported by the energy saving measures detailed in this plan. Similarly, a switch to low carbon electricity for heating will require existing heating systems in buildings to be replaced. In the short and medium- term, a combination of new and existing technologies are opening up new possibilities for carbon reduction by producing heat and electricity at a local level and then distributing via district heating schemes and local networks. This is the basis of the development of the Keele Smart Energy Network (SEN), which is fundamental to Keele s aspirations around being an exemplar low carbon environment. The SEN opens the door to large scale uptake of cogeneration (Combined Heat and Power) and tri- generation (Combined Heat, Power and Cooling). The University is already well progressed with its first modern large scale CHP Plan, forming Phase 1 of the SEN. This will see a large energy centre which serves an energy zone consisting of Academic, Residential and Commercial buildings. The University shall also carry out further work on the options available for reducing the carbon impact of heat consumption, taking into account the implementation of the renewable energy targets for the sector. Renewable Electricity Renewables are fundamental to our strategy to reduce carbon emissions and deploy cleaner sources of energy. Keele University has a target that aims to see on- site energy generation grow as a proportion of our site energy usage to 50%, by Renewable energy will be a key element of this. The harnessing of wind energy on- site is still believed to be one of the key technologies for Keele University s commitment to on- site renewable energy and, as such, we will continue to push for solutions and hope to see turbines on campus by Keele University already purchases 100% of its electricity from pure green sources. Further to this, we have plans to install three large solar Photovoltaic (PV) generators during 2013 as part of our Renewables Program.

16 Fossil fuel electricity generation and carbon capture and storage The need to reduce carbon emissions whilst ensuring secure energy supplies means that Keele University cannot rely on renewables alone. This is because we need a diverse electricity generation mix. Moreover, some of the most cost- effective renewable technologies, such as wind and solar PV, are intermittent and cannot always produce electricity on demand. The University will continue to need fossil fuels including Coal Bed Methane (CBM) as part of a diverse energy mix for some time to come, but in order to meet our carbon reduction goals, energy sources including gas must become cleaner. However, it is in the University s own interests that the technologies necessary to mitigate the emissions from burning fossil fuels are developed and deployed as rapidly as possible. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is an emerging combination of technologies, which could reduce emissions from fossil fuel sources by as much as 90%. CCS with CBM has not yet been proven on a commercial basis, although some key elements of the process have been demonstrated. Keele University is well progressed with its CBM project and will continue to support the research of CCS at Keele University and its use as part of the CBM extraction process. Research, development and demonstration of new low carbon technologies The UK s Energy Policy notes that local policy to support innovation and the deployment of low carbon technologies is a key means of reducing carbon emissions. New technologies for producing and using energy in electricity generation and heating offer the potential to reduce carbon emissions in the future more cost- effectively. Keele University has launched the Hub Concept, please see Figure 2: The Keele Hub for Sustainability Concept below. This is a Collaborative Venture between the University, other public sector bodies and private sector companies. The aim is to develop the Keele Hub, based around the strengths of the University, but involving external partners from other universities, key organisations, the local/regional community and private organisations. The Hub provides a physical and academic environment to facilitate sustainability agendas relevant to research, education, industry and the local/regional community. The research and teaching will be co- ordinated from the new Keele Hub for Sustainability Building, which will promote exchange of expertise and collaboration in research, whilst providing access to the Keele campus.

17 Figure 2: The Keele Hub for Sustainability Concept The Hub, from its home in the newly converted demonstrator building on the Keele University campus, provides the UK with a world- class means for delivering energy technology research. Our ambition is that it will become part of a global network connecting the best scientists and engineers working in these fields. More importantly, at the heart of the Hub will be the campus wide energy infrastructure (The Keele Smart Energy Network), which will become a demonstrator for other campus based institutions, villages and towns. Further to this, the Hub will form an important link between the University s Student population and the University s Strategy. Students can support the management of the campus by assisting in the research, development and implementation of real energy projects across campus. Such projects are co- ordinated through the Hub and allow students to become part of the Project Team, whilst completing research on particular technologies and practices.

18 Delivery Meeting the challenges of energy security and climate change will require strong co- operation across the whole University, as a priority, both in taking forward the Energy Management Plan and, more widely, in its delivery. It is the University s role to create the right conditions and incentives so that everyone can play their part. Success will require not only the right conditions for the investment we need, but also the skills and experience in our staff to deliver that investment and ensure that our vital infrastructure is effectively and safely run. Some of the measures in this plan are deliverable immediately, but others will need further evaluation and approval by Governance. The Estates and Development Directorate will take forward the proposals and further work set out in this plan, in accordance with the principles of better planning. In keeping with better carbon planning, we have implemented a Carbon Management Plan (CMP) under the Higher Education Carbon Management Programme (HECMP). The plan is set until 2020 and sets out a 34% carbon reduction target against a 1990 baseline. The plan is updated on an annual basis with the most up- to- date plan being publically available through the University s website.

19 Integrating Energy Management with Our Carbon Management Strategy The main aim of the Carbon Management Strategy is to meet and exceed (where possible) environmental legislation and approved codes of practice and to minimise environmental impact as far as is practicable. As part of this Strategy, Keele University will endeavour to practice responsible energy management throughout all campus activities commensurate with the service requirements of students, customers and staff. Although the Smart Energy Network and the concept of inter- related energy zones is fundamental to the Carbon Management Strategy, to deliver energy security and accelerate the transition to an energy efficient demonstrator campus requires pressing and ambitious action from all at the University. We need to: a) Reduce Energy Consumption. b) Develop cleaner energy supplies, and c) Secure reliable energy supplies at prices set in competitive markets. This Strategy continues to be based on the principle that regulated, competitive energy supplies, are the most cost- effective and efficient way of delivering our objectives. The key elements of this Strategy are: Establish a fully informed carbon footprint and monitoring tool: The first part of this is to gain a full understanding of the emissions associated with the University s activities, this will include all carbon emission scopes. Further to this, Keele University have developed a software tool which allows simplified reporting of our carbon emissions as required by Government, HEFCE and other regulating bodies. Build on the agreed Carbon Management Plan to tackle carbon emissions: This includes a shared vision for reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases emitted to the atmosphere. We also want to strengthen our predicted position within the Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) Energy Efficiency Scheme to deliver security against the market price for carbon and to be the demonstrator for a low carbon campus. This will enable us to manage carbon emissions in the most cost- effective way. Provide carbon targets for the whole University progressively reducing emissions: The Carbon Management Plan creates a new framework for the University achieving, through commercial and academic action, at least a 34% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions by 2020, against a 1990 baseline. Keele University is required to set ten year carbon budgets, placing limits on aggregate carbon dioxide emissions. There will be provision in the plan for the targets to be amended in light of significant developments in climate science or in international law or policy. Make further progress in achieving fully competitive renewable and low carbon energy sources:

20 This will enable the Estates and Development Directorate to supply the low carbon energy resources needed by the University. Effective supplies will ensure that the University s resources are used in the most efficient way and ensure that we make the transition to a low carbon campus at least cost. Further exploration of renewables is an important part of this. Encourage more energy saving through better information, incentives and control: By improving management information about the take up of cost- effective energy efficiency measures, all of us, Faculties, Directorates and individuals, can take steps to reduce emissions and our energy dependence. We are also working with our partners and associated bodies through the Hub for Sustainability to promote energy efficiency outside of the Keele University campus. Obtain support for low carbon technologies: We are actively seeking routes for funding and investment to bring forward low carbon technologies. The University on its own may not be able to invest adequately in research, development, demonstration and deployment of these technologies. This Strategy aims to encourage and support collaboration with partners and bodies to help realise our aims. Many of these elements have an important regional- wide dimension. The Carbon Strategy has been developed to support our Energy Management Strategy, which describes the action we are taking to help monitor, reduce and conserve energy supplies and tackle climate change.