Characterzation of goat breeds in Vietnam and role for income of smallholders in rural areas.

Transcription

1 Characterzation of goat breeds in Vietnam and role for income of smallholders in rural areas. LeThiThuy 1, Dinh Van Binh 2, Nguyen Trong Binh 1, Tran Thu Thuy 1, Nguyen Van Ba 1, Luu Quang Minh National Institute of Animal Husbandry (NIAH). 2. Goat and rabbit research centre, Ha Tay Province Contact person: Le Thi Thuy1 NIAH,, Tu Liem, Ha Noi. Tel: ; Fax: ; thuyniah@vnn.vn

2 Introduction Vietnam-agricultural country, bordered by China -North, Laos - northwest, and Cambodiasouthwest. Total area: sq.km Population: 84 mil Vietnam is one of the 15 rich countries in the world concerning genetic resources. The variety in climate and geography is one main cause for the variety in agroforestry biodiversity in this region. The animals domesticated here include 12 species, namely pig, buffalo, cattle, goat, sheep, deer, rabbit, chicken, duck, muscovy duck, goose and pigeon.

3 Back ground information of Goat genetic resources in Vietnam - Goat is ruminated livestock has been developed rapidly, because it eats a lot of kinds leaves and grass, does not conflict with human. The Goat is active, persistent, cope with difficulties well, is friend of poor people. - The initial investment for feeding goats is small, capital turnover is rapid and labors and agricultural products are utilized - More 1,52 Mill heads of eight indigenous goats with 95% occupied by the native. They are kept for meat and milk production. -The characterization of different goat breeds in Vietnam was based, almost exclusively, on very limited phenotypic data. -This study is being carried out to characterize the goat populations of the country as part of Characterization of Small Ruminant Genetic Resources in Asia.

4 * The Objective this study: - Complete the databases of characteristics and status for a representative set of breeds of goat, which will complement existing FAO and ILRI data. - Develop capacity to use methods and related technologies for goat characterization (phenotypic and genetic levels) Methods: Survey and distribute the questionnaires for interviewing, collect data, morphology description of the breeds and their productivity performance, where available (housing, feeding, breeding management, product use and the traditional use of goats at each site.) Locations: The research was carried out in five provinces in different geographic areas: Northern Vietnam: Hagiang province; Red river delta: HaTay province; Western Vietnam: Son La province, center Vietnam: Thanh Hoa and Ninh Thuan Provinces.

5 Hagiang Hatay Sonla Thanhhoa Ninhthuan Study locations

6 Discussion: Importance of animal husbandry in the general and Goat in the particular. Source of food meat (3,5MT), milk (234 TT), egg (4,6 BP)-Ref. DLP-MARD, 2007 Skin leather Weed control- assist in agriculture Increases agriculture area income Employment of women & children Social and cultural ceremony Contributes to improving farmers daily nourishment and promotes hunger eradication and poverty alleviation The importance of livestock production of livestock populations can be viewed from the following table

7 Year Buffalo 2,89 2,81 2,81 2,83 2,87 2,92 2,92 Cattle Dairy 4,13 0,035 3,89 0,041 4,06 0,055 4,39 0,079 4,91 0,095 5,54 0,104 ( Million heads ) 6,51 0,113 Pig 20,19 21,71 23,1 24,9 26,1 27,4 26,85 Goat 0,54 0,56 0,62 0,78 1,02 1,31 1,52 Poultry 198,04 216,00 233,3 254,1 218,2 219,9 214,6 Water fowl 50,99 57,97 63,6 69,4 58, ,6 Sources: Livestock production Dept-MARD 2007.

8 DISCUSSION (cont) SOME GENERAL PICTURES ABOUT VIETNAM GOAT BREEDS DISTRIBUTION OF GOAT POPULATION BY AREAS Distribution of goat population: 72.5% in the North. 27.5% in the South: 12.3% in Tay Nguyen, 8.9% in Central Coast, 2.5 % and 3.8% in East and West Southern areas consequently ( MARD) Goats are distributed mainly in the Northern Mountains, 67% of Northern population and 48% of the country total. Average number of goats: 5-10 heads per household. Flocks consist mostly of breeding males and females. Mating method: 100% natural. Breeding season: from April to May (prominent due to cool weather and availability of fresh grass) and from September to October (not prominent). Feeding: Grass, leaves, sugarcane... Grazing is popular.

9 Distribution of goat population by province (2006, by heads)

10 Characterization of Goat genetic resources in Vietnam

11 1- Co Goat Native Breed-Used for meat yield Co is the most common goat breed of the country, reared under semi-intensive or extensive system. Co goat population is distributed all over the country, concentrated mainly in the North Mountains and Midland provinces, raised for meat. There are several kinds of Co goat breeds distinguished by colors. Their hairs are black, yellow, brown and black and brown lanes along with along the back,.

12 Co Goat (continued) Coat Colour: Brown is the most frequent colour followed by brown black and silver. Body weight at adult: Male: kg; Female: kg Reproductive performances: 1.4 litter/year; ,5 kid/litter Milk yield: liter/day; Milk cycle: days Age at sexual maturity : 6.0 months; Survive rate from birth to weaning: 65-70%

13 2-Bachthao goat-used for meat and milk yields The Bach Thao goat population is raised mainly in central coastal provinces: Ninh Thuan,Phan Giang, Phan Thiet, Khanh Hoa, Ha Tay province... for both meat and milk Appearance, description: Their hairs are black, shank and a part of the tail have white color. Some :Hairs are white spots, feet black... with big ears and drooping ears Body weight at adult: Male:60-70 kg; Female :40-45 kg First litter days old - Reproductive performance:1.7 kid/little; litter/year - Survive rate after 6 months: 82-87% - Milk yield: litter/day - Milk cycle: days

14 3-Barbari Goat Used for milk and meat yields-imported from India, Body weight at adult: Male:45-50 kg; Female:28-35 kg First litter: 370 days old; -Age at sexual maturity :7.5 months - Reproductive performance:1.7 kid/little; 1.5 litter/year - Survive rate after weaning: 85-95% - Milk yield: litter/day - Milk cycle: days

15 4- Jumnapari Goat Imported from India,1994 Goat-Used for milk and meat yields Body weight at adult: Male: kg; Female: kg Reproductive performance: - Age at sexual maturity :7.5 months; First litter 520 days old; 1.4kid/little; litter/year - Survive rate after weaning: 85-90% - Milk yield: litter/day - Milk cycle: days

16 5- Beetal Goat Imported from India,1994, used for meat and milk yields Body weight at adult: Male: kg; Female: kg Reproductive performance: - Age at sexual maturity :12.5 months; First litter 505 days old; 1.3 kid/little; 1.3 litter/year - Survive rate after weaning: 85-90% - Milk yield: litter/day - Milk cycle: days

17 6- Saanen goat imported from France and America-1998 Used for milk yields Body weight at adult: Male 75-90kg; Female: kg First litter: 450 days old Reproductive performance: 1.5 kid/litter; litter/year Average milk yield: liter/day; litter/ lactation of days

18 7- Alpine Goat imported from France and America-1995 Used for milk yields Body weight at adult: Male: kg; Female: kg Reproductive performance: Age at sexual maturity : 9.5 months; First litter days old; 1.5 kid/litter; litter/year Milk yield: liter/day; kg/ lactation of days

19 8- Boer Goat imported from America 1998 (used for meat) Body weight at adult: Male: kg; Body weight at 9 months old: kg; Percentage of carcass 52-55% Percentage of lean meat 38-40% Female: Average body weight at adult: kg; Reproductive performance: Age at sexual maturity :11 months; First litter: days old kid/litter; litter/year

20 9- (Saanen x BachThao) Crossbred Goat (Milking) Used for milk and meat yields Body weight at adult Male: kg Female: kg First litter: days old Reproductive performance: 1.5 kid/litter; litter/year Average milk yield: liter/day; liter/ lactation of days

21 CONCLUSION Goat is ruminated livestock has been developed rapidly, because it eats a lot of kinds leaves and grass, does not conflict with human. The Goat is active, persistent, cope with difficulties well, is friend of poor people. * The limited quantitative and qualitative measurements made during this survey have allowed the preliminary description of the phenotypic characteristics of the Vietnam goat types. Distribution of goat population: 72.5% in the North. 27.5% in the South: 12.3% in Tay Nguyen, 8.9% in Central Coast, 2.5 % and 3.8% in East and West Southern areas consequently.mating method: 100% natural. Breeding season: from April to May and from September to October Feeding: Grass, leaves, sugarcane... Grazing is popular This study has laid the foundation for the future exploitation of the goat breeds described for the benefit of some of the world's most needy livestock keepers

22 Acknowledgement Thanks to» IAEA» GRRC» NIAH» MARD» FAO» ILRI» DFG

23 THANH YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION!