The research of cannibalism to larva in Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant Coleoptera Coccinellidae adult

Transcription

1 Journal of Environmental Entomology March ISSN doi /j. issn * / h 60% Q968 A The research of cannibalism to larva in Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant Coleoptera Coccinellidae adult JIANG Rui-Xin ZHANG Yu-Hong WU Hong-Sheng LIU Ping XIE Jia-Qin PANG Hong * State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol /Institute of Entomology Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China Abstract The cannibalism behavior of adults to larvae in Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and the fecundity of females reared on larvae were studied in laboratory. The results showed the mortality of larvae cannibalized by females in 48 hours was 60% which was higher than males did. And compared the other body parts the abdomen of larvae were attacked more by females. However to a certain extent the wax covers on larvae was able to defense the attack by adult. The oviposition rate and average fecundity of females fed on larvae were lower than fed on mealybugs respectively. Key words Cryptolaemus montrouzieri cannibalism behavior fecundity Fox Dixon 2000 Dixon 2000 Gagné et al Agarwala and Dixon * Author for correspondence Lsshpang@ mail. sysu. edu. cn Received Accepted

2 64 Journal of Environmental Entomology 34 Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant Venkatesan et al Table 1 The definition of behaviors of Osawa 1989 Cryptolaemus montrouzieri adult 2010 Name of behaviors Description of behaviors C. montrouzieri 2006 Ferrisia virgata Cockerell Planococcus citri Risso cm cm cm T = ± 1 RH = 50 ± 10% L D = cm 1. 5 cm h 1 < 14 d 24 h 12 h 24 h 24 h 36 h 48 h d 3 d T = = 25 ± 1 RH = 50 ± 10% L D = / ~ 30 d 12 h 5. 5 cm 6 cm 1. 5 cm 1. 5 cm 24 h 2 12 h d 15 1

3 h 48 h 2 Fisher's exact test 10 d T Table 2 The parameters of present research and the related pathway of figurations SPSS17. 0 Experimental parameters Pathway of figuration / % 10 / h 4 60% 15% 1 Fisher's exact test P 2 - sided < / / % Fig The accumulative mortality of the 4 th instar larvae of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri killed by adults 4 t = df = P 2 - tailed < t = df = P 2 - tailed < t = df = P 2 - tailed < t = df = P 2 - tailed = t = df = P 2 - tailed = t = df = P 2 - tailed < t = df = P 2 - tailed < t = df = 28 P 2 - tailed = % Fig. 2 The happening behavior times in the cannibalism process % of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri female to the 2 nd instar larvae t = df = P 2 - tailed < s s

4 66 Journal of Environmental Entomology 34 t = df = 28 P 2 - tailed = % % % Table 3 3 The time spend in behaviors in the process of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri female cannibalize larvae s Status of larvae Search Groom Attack Rest Cannibalism process ± ± ± ± ± Normal larvae Naked larvae ± ± ± ± ± ± The data in the table are Mean ± SE. 3 4 Fig. 3 The time percent spend in behaviors in the process of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri female cannibalize larvae Fig. 4 The attacked percentage of different parts of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri larvae = / Note The attacked percentage of each part = each part head thorax abdomen attacked times /total attacked times t = df = P 2 - tailed = t = df = P 2 - tailed = t = df = 9 d 10 d P 2 - tailed = Friedman χ 2 = df = 2 P < χ 2 = df = 2 P < % % d 6 8 d t 1 = df = P 2 - tailed < t 2 = t = df = P 2 - tailed < df = 13 P 2 - tailed = < t 3 = d df = P 2 - tailed < t 4 = 90% % df = 15 P 2 - tailed = < t 5 = 80% df = 15 P 2 - tailed = < t 6 = 80% df = P 2 - tailed < t 7 = 5 d 50% df = 20 P 2 - tailed = < t 8 =

5 1 67 sition - Deterring Pheromone ODP Hodek df = 23 P 2 - tailed = < d 10 d t 9 = df = 24 P 2 - tailed = t 10 = df = P 2 - tailed = Scymnus V lkl and Vohland 1996 Merlin et al Yasuda et al R užička 2006 Ovipo- Laubertie et al ODP Harmonia axyridis Sengonca et al ODP d t = df = 50 P 2 - tailed = Hodek % 90% Fisher's exact test P 2 - sided = Propylea japonica 1990 Osawa Dixon 2000 Dixon

6 68 Journal of Environmental Entomology 34 References Agarwala BK Dixon AFG Laboratory study of cannibalism and interspecific predation in ladybirds. Ecological Entomology Dixon AFG Insect Predator - Prey Dynamics Ladybird Beetles and Biological Control. Cambridge United Kingdom Cambridge University Press. Dixon AFG Body size and resource partitioning in ladybirds. Population Ecology mealybugs on freeze - dried artificial diet. Journal of Biological Fox LR Cannibalism in natural population. The Annual Review of Control Ecology Evolution and Systematics V lkl W Vohland K Wax covers in larvae of two Scymnus species do they enhance coccinellid larval survival Oecologia 107 Gagné I Coderre D Mauffette Y Egg cannibalism by Coleomegilla maculatalengi neonates preference even in the presence of essential prey. Ecological Entomology Wang G Wei JH Studies of behavior of the ladybird beetle Propylea japonica feeding on egg cannibalism. Natural Enemies of In- Ge F Principle and Methods of Insect Ecology. Beijing Higher Education Press sects Hodek I Essential and alternative food in insects. In 11 th International Congress of Entomology Vienna Osawa N Sibling and non - sibling cannibalism by larvae of a lady beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas Coleoptera Coccinellidae in the field. Researches in Population Ecology Pang H Tang C Li LY The technology for preservation of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri adult with the artificial diet. Natural Enemies of Insects R užička Z Oviposition - deterring effects of conspecific and heterospecific larval tracks on Cheilomenes sexmaculata Coleoptera Coccinellidae. European Journal of Entomology Sengonca C Kotikal YK Schade M Olfactory reactions of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant Col. Coccinellidae and Chrysoperla carnea Stephens Neur. Chrysopidae in relation to period of starvation. Anzeiger Sch edlingskunde Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz Venkatesan T Singh SP Jalali SK Development of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant Coleoptera Coccinellidae a predator of Wang MQ Cai WZ Autotomy in insects. Entomological Knowledge Laubertie E Martini X Cadena C Treilhou M Dixon AFG Hemptinne JL The immediate source of the oviposition - deterring Wang S Tan XL Zhang F Influence of kin relationship on cannibalism behavior of Harmonia axyridis Coleoptera Coccinellidae pheromone produced by larvae of Adalia bipunctata L. Coleoptera Coccinellidae. Journal of Insect Behavior fourth instar larvae in different temperature conditions. Acta Ecologica Sinica Li LY The research and application prospects of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri in China. Natural Enemies of Insects Yasuda H Takagi T Kogi K Effects of conspecific and heterospecific larval tracks on the oviposition behaviour of the predatory Merlin J Lemaitre O Gregoire JC Chemical cues produced by ladybird Harmonia axyridis Coleoptera Coccinellidae. European Journal of Entomology conspecific larvae deter oviposition by the coccidophagous ladybird beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata