ROBOTICA : Research of Ocean-ice BOundary InTeraction and Change around Antarctica. Takeshi Tamura (National Institute of Polar Research)

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1 ROBOTICA : Research of Ocean-ice BOundary InTeraction and Change around Antarctica Takeshi Tamura (National Institute of Polar Research)

2

3 Global impacts of Antarctic continental shelf Warm. Salty water intrusion Basal melting glacial ice discharge sea level change Sea ice production, Bottom water formation MOC change

4 Land ice and sea ice of Antarctica Land ice discharge Sea ice production Low Low LH LH Cape Darnley Totten High Vinceness Bay Mertz High Rignot et al.(2013) Tamura et al.(2008)

5 Accelerating ice mass loss Cook IS Totten Loss Gain Vaughan et al.(2013) IPCC AR5

6 Ocean temperature Totten Pritchard et al. (2012) Heat from ocean is important in melting continental ice Salinity tells freshwater content, but not its origin Observation in East Antarctica is behind compared to Ross/Weddell

7 Oceanic change on the shelf Schmidko et al. (2014)

8 Bed topography of Antarctica Shirase West Antarctica East Antarctica Totten Cook IS Mertz

9 Fastice disintegration 2013/12/ /04/24

10 Bottom water formation Ohshima, Fukamachi, Williams, et al. (2013) Nature Geosci Kitade et al. (2014) GRL

11 Circulation and variabilities of Iceocean system at Lutzow-holm Bay Interannual variability in Ongul strait Warm water intrusion and ecosystem Under Hovde Glacier Decadal break up of land-fast sea ice an Shirase glacier Seasonal variability of Shirase Glacier discharge

12 Proposed Field program Land-fast ice (Lutzow-holm Bay) Polynya(Cape Darnley) Off ice shelf/glacier (off Wilks Land) Robotic/autonomous observations from Shirase/helicopters 110E Lutzow-holm bay Cape Darnley McRobertson Land Coast Vinceness Bay Totten Glacier Wilks Land Coast Enderby Land Coast

13 Items Process study on ice-ocean interaction and long-term changes of sea ice-ice shelf-ocean system in Lutzow-holm Bay Sea ice production and dense water formation off Cape Darnley Ocean-ice system and interaction off Wilks Land, incl. Totten Gl. A. Geophysical exploration of bathymetry B. Geodetic survey of motion and deformation of land and sea ices C. Glaciological survey of glacier/ice shelf dynamics D. Measurements of ice-ocean boundary characteristics E. Physical and chemical survey of sea ice F. Physical and chemical hydrographic survey of oceanic properties

14 Schematics Research of Ocean-ice BOundary InTeraction and Change around Antarctica (ROBOTICA)

15 Summary East-west comparisons based on mobility of Shirase 110E Interdisciplinary observations using autonomous techniques 測 Integration with Satellite observations and numerical modellings Interaction with bio-/eco-system observations Integrated with Cape Larger Darnley Vinceness Bay community Lutzow-holm Bay Shirase Gl. Totten Gl. Wilks Land POPS AUV ROV

16 SCAR Horizon scan 1.Define the global reach of the Antarctic atmosphere and Southern Ocean 2.Understand how, where and why ice sheets lose mass 3.Reveal Antarctica s history 4.Learn how Antarctic life evolved and survived 5.Observe space and the Universe 6.Recognize and mitigate human influence Relevant to 13 Gold Questions 3. How have teleconnections in decadal/longer-tem variabilities? 13. Why are AABWs changing, 15. What processes and feedbacks drive sea ice change 17. How sea ice extent and volume varied? 18. How will changes in ocean surface waves influence 20. How do extreme events affect? 22. How will climate change affect CO2 uptake 23. How will changes in freshwater inputs affect? 24. How does small morphology affect ice sheet response? 25. What are the controlling processes of ice flow? 28. What are the thresholds for irreversible loss? 30. How do oceanic processes beneath ice shelves vary? 31. How will large-scale ocean affect ice sheet?

17 International relationship Developing a strategy for sustained observations in the sea-ice zone of the Southern Ocean Task Team Leaders: Steve Rintoul Esmee van Wijk Anna Wåhlin

18 Antarctic Gateway-Next Generation AUV Aim is to build the next generation polar AUV Represents a collaboration between UTAS (IMAS & AMC), the AAD, ACE-CRC and CSIRO (40% of Australian Antarctic researchers) Theseus (1994) Autosub (2004, 2011) Explorer ( ) 18

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