The Electric Power System

Transcription

1 The Electric Power System - Japan- Japanese Power System 1

2 2 Basic facts Area:377,962km 2 (source:mic) Population: 127million(2015/3) (source:mic) Number of electricity consumers: approx. 77million (source:fepc) Number of T&DSOs: 10 (TSO and DSO are integrated per electric power company) Peak load: 159GW(FY2013) (source:fepc) Average interruption of electricity:16min(fy2013) (per customer The influences due to natural disaster such as typhoon are included. source:fepc) MIC: Ministry of Internal affairs and Communications FEPC: The Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan Japanese Power System 2

3 3 Global map of interconnections No interconnection to any other countries (Island country) Japanese Power System 3

4 4 Grid facts and characteristics The electricity grid in Japan is sub-divided into transmission grids(basically higher than medium voltage) and distribution grids(basically 6.6kV and lower). Voltage Level Total Length(approx.) Transmission Grid 500kV 7,900km TSO Transmission Grid 187kV,220kV,275kV 13,500km TSO High Voltage 66kV to 154kV 62,000km TSO Responsibility Medium Voltage 6.6kV to 66kV 19,300km TSO (Partially DSO) Medium Voltage 6.6kV 734,000km DSO Low Voltage 100 or 200V 573,000km DSO (source:fepc) Japanese Power System 4

5 DSO-Grid TSO-Grid Structure of electrical power system Trunk(EHV) system:loop, Sub-transmission(HV,MV): Radial kv Conventional Generation other substations 187/220 /275 kv 66/77 /154 kv 6.6kV Commercial 100/200 V Industry Dispersed Generation Households Japanese Power System 5

6 6 Map of the extra high voltage grid 2 Frequencies 50Hz at Eastern 60Hz at Western DC linked interconections by Frequency Converter (source:fepc) Japanese Power System 6

7 Map on 10 Japanese TSOs 7 (source:fepc) Japanese Power System 7 7

8 8 TSOs Information on 10 Japanese TSOs Network Length [km](500kv) Network Length [km]( kv) Served area[km 2 ] Annual Transmitted Energy[TWh] Japanese Power System 8 Shared load[%] Hokkaido 0 2,450 78, Tohoku 552 2,173 79, Tokyo 2,493 1,611 39, Chubu 890 1,511 40, Hokuriku , Kansai 1,682 1,854 27, Chugoku 828 1,006 31, Shikoku , Kyushu 942 1,708 42, Okinawa 0 0 2, (source:fepc)

9 Japanese TSO's Web site TSOs Hokkaido Tohoku Tokyo Chubu Hokuriku Kansai Chugoku Shikoku Kyushu Okinawa Web site URL Japanese Power System 9 9

10 Installed capacity with reference to primary resources Installed capacities [GW] (FY2013) coal-fired gas-fired oil nuclear hydro RES (source:fepc) Japanese Power System 10

11 Energy production with reference to primary resources 11 Electricity Generation[TWh](FY2013) coal-fired gas-fired oil nuclear hydro RES (source:fepc) Japanese Power System 11

12 [%] Development of generation capacity since coal-fired gas-fired oil nuclear hydro RES (source:fepc) Japanese Power System 12

13 Consumption per customer groups (FY2013) 13 transport 2% agriculture, forestry, fisheries, construction 1% household 30% industry (manufacturing) 32% bussiness 37% (source:agency for Natural Resource and Energy, Japan) Japanese Power System 13

14 14 Renewables Japanese Power System 14

15 Location of RES 15 <Kansai Area> PV : 3,380MW Wind : 134MW <Chugoku Area> PV : 2,065MW Wind : 301MW <Kyushu Area> PV : 5,383MW Wind : 474MW <Hokuriku Area> PV : 506MW Wind : 151MW <Hokkaido Area> PV : 1,013MW Wind : 318MW <Tohoku Area> PV : 1,734MW Wind : 720MW <Tokyo Area> PV : 6,530MW Wind : 369MW Installed Capacity at the end of 2015 <Shikoku Area> PV : 1,658MW Wind : 145MW <Chubu Area> PV : 4,147MW Wind : 234MW (Source: METI, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) Japanese Power System 15

16 16 MW Development of wind power Development of Capacity Accummulated Capacity(End of Year) MW (Source: FEPC) Japanese Power System 16

17 17 Development of PV power MW 8000 MW Development of Capacity Accummulated Capacity(End of Year) (Source: FEPC) Japanese Power System 17

18 18 Market Japanese Power System 18

19 Reform program based on step by step schedule 19 (2013) 1 st Step April, nd Step April, rd Step April, 2020 Cabinet Decision on the Policy on Electricity System Reform Preparation of OCCTO establishment Establishment of the OCCTO Shift to the independent regulation organization Examination of the business side for retail liberalization Activation of the wholesale electricity market (Monitoring of the voluntary action) Foundation preparations for new structure of the securing of supply power Foundation preparations for one hour-ahead market 1 OCCTO : Organization for Cross-regional Coordination of Transmission Operators Full liberalization Abolition of the wholesale regulation Securing of supply power duty for the retail company. Introduction of the public power supply bid system. Founded the one hour-ahead market 2 Rate regulation continuation (transitional measure) Abolition of the rate regulation (Principle enforcement) Establishment of realtime market The act regulation for the power transmission and distribution section, generation and examination of the cooperation rule of the power transmission and distribution section Preparations for organization shift NOW Legal unbundling of transmission and distribution sector 3 Japanese Power System 19

20 Electricity market structure 20 (Source: FEPC) Japanese Power System 20

21 21 Power balance in FY2013 Generation 922.9(TWh) Consumption 848.5(TWh) Imports 0(TWh)* Exports 0(TWh) * Losses 74.4(TWh) * Japanese power system is isolated from other countries system. (source FEPC) Japanese Power System 21

22 Energy exchanges 22 Peak Demand of Each Supply Area in summer of FY 2013 Physical Power Flow of Interconnection in Average in FY2013 Kyushu 16.5GW (source OCCTO: Organization for Cross-regional Coordination of Transmission Operators) 438MW 1581MW 500kV Chugoku 11.3GW 500kV Shikoku 5.5GW FC: Frequency Converter 266MW 624MW 500kV 409MW 422MW DC±250kV 0MW 1036MW 160MW 67MW 500kV Kansai 29.2GW 60Hz 500kV Hokuriku 5.3GW AC/DC converter 805MW 563MW Chubu 26.7GW 22 21MW 58MW 35MW 19MW Shinshinano FC Sakuma FC Higashishimizu FC 323MW 61MW Hokkaido 4.5 GW DC Interconnection DC±250kV Tohoku 13.3GW 500kV Tokyo 54.4GW 50Hz Japanese Power System MW 444MW

23 Specific aspects of the electricity market Market type Spot market Day-ahead market 4hours-ahead market Forward market Fixed-form products Bulletin board products Features Day-ahead market, 4hour-ahead market Single price auction system Market split when transaction exceeds interconnection capaity Fixed-form products Continuous session system Monthly products, weekly products 24-hour type, daily hour type 23 Japanese Power System 23