Awareness of Type 2 Diabetes. Brittani Rusnak Grade 10 Red Mountain High School Biomedical Science Program Instructor: Mrs. Torrey

Transcription

1 Awareness of Type 2 Diabetes Brittani Rusnak Grade 10 Red Mountain High School Biomedical Science Program Instructor: Mrs. Torrey

2 Etiology of Type 2 Diabetes Hereditary or Not? Scientists have discovered that Type 2 Diabetes can be hereditary but just because you have the gene does not mean that you will get the disease, you just have a greater chance of contracting it. A Disorder of Metabolism The Main Causes: Obesity is the main cause of Type 2 Diabetes. This comes from an unhealthy diet and little to no exercise. Due to different variations of the TCF7l2 gene some people are more likely to contract the disease. Ethnic Backgrounds: Anyone can be diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes but those with an African American, Native American, or Alaskan Native are more susceptible to contract the disease.

3 Etiology of Type 2 Diabetes

4 Etiology of Type 2 Diabetes

5 Pathology of Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms: Thirst Frequent Urination Fatigue Blurry Vision Nerve pain in the feet or hands What happens During Type 2 Diabetes? If someone is diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes their body is producing insulin, but the receptors do not recognize it so the cells do not receive any energy. The common age range to be diagnosed is ages 45-64, but due to an increase in unhealthy lifestyles the age of diagnosis is becoming younger and younger. Hypoglycemia VS. Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia is low blood sugar levels Hyperglycemia is high blood sugar levels (More common is Type 2)

6 Pathology of Type 2 Diabetes Test for Diagnosis: A1C Test: This test measures your average blood sugar levels for the past 2-3 months. There is no fasting involved in the test. Result A1C Normal less than 5.7% Prediabetes 5.7% to 6.4% Diabetes 6.5% or higher Fasting Plasma Glucose: This test is measures fasting glucose levels Result Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) Normal less than 100 mg/dl Prediabetes 100 mg/dl to 125 mg/dl Diabetes 126 mg/dl or higher Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: This test measures your blood glucose levels before and two hours after drinking a solution with a measured amount of glucose in it The reason behind the test is to discover how one s body process sugar. Result Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) Normal less than 140 mg/dl Prediabetes 140 mg/dl to 199 mg/dl

7 Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Exercise: Doctors recommend exercising for 30 minutes a day 5 days a week in order to lose weight. Good Activities: Walking Swimming Dancing Lifting Weights Yoga Diet: Your diet should not include white bread, starches, fried or processed food. Good Things to Eat: ½ cup of beans Dairy Salmon or tuna for the omega-3 fatty acids Berries Vitamins such as Vitamin D (women who take vitamin D and calcium are 33% less likely to develop diabetes. Refrain From: Alcohol Alcohol can cause hypoglycemia so men should intake 2 drinks or less and women only one drink Smoking People who smoke are 30-40% more likely to contract Type 2 Diabetes. If you do have diabetes and you smoke you are more likely to have nerve pain or have problems

8 Management of Type 2 Diabetes Exercise: Doctors recommend to exercise for 30 min a day 5 days a week. It is important to monitor your blood sugar before, during and after an exercise so that you don t get hypoglycemia. Good Activities: Walking Running Skiing Biking Swimming Aerobics Diet: Doctors recommend eating smaller portions. Avoid eating cakes, salad dressings, fried foods, and whole milk Drink less soda, fruit-flavored drinks, tea, and coffee with sugar Things to Eat: Breakfast cereals (whole grains) Oats Berries for fiber Whole grain rice Whole wheat bread and bagels Dark green and orange veggies

9 Management of Type 2 Diabetes Medicine for Type 2 Diabetes: Most of the time Type 2 is treatable with only a diet and exercise. In some cases though people will use insulin injections or oral steroids Oral Steroids Used: Metformin Helps control blood sugar levels Helps control Type 2 Diabetes Only Patient will take it as doctor prescribes it and with a meal Sulfonylureas This medicine increase the amount of insulin being produced Watch for low blood sugar when taking this medicine

10 Content Citations Slide "Causes of Diabetes." Causes of Diabetes. N.p., June Web. 23 Apr < "American Diabetes Association." American Diabetes Association. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr < "Diabetes Prevention: 5 Tips for Taking Control." - Mayo Clinic. N.p., 29 May Web. 23 Apr < "Preventing Diabetes." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 30 Sept Web. 23 Apr < Mandal, Anaya, MD. "Diabetes Pathophysiology." News-Medical.net. N.p., 09 Dec Web. 23 Apr < "Fitness." American Diabetes Association. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr < Leontis, Lisa M., and Amy Hess-Fischl. "Type 2 Diabetes Causes." EndocrineWeb. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr <

11 Picture Citation Slide "Pic of Water Bottle - Google Search." Pic of Water Bottle - Google Search. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 May < of water bottle>. "Information On Diabetes." : Diabetes Clinic. N.p., 17 Mar Web. 06 May < "Yoga." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 06 May < Daniels, Stephen. "Berries Show Heart Boosting Power for Women: Harvard Study." NutraIngredients-USA.com. N.p., 14 Jan Web. 06 May < "SiOWfa15: Science in Our World: Certainty and Controversy." SiOWfa15 Science in Our World Certainty and Controversy. N.p., 1 Oct Web. 06 May < "Diabetes and Your Child: Considering an Insulin Pump." Mount Nittany Health System. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 May < "Exercise Pictures." Pinterest. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 May 2016.< "Obesity and the Impact of Weight on Health: Cut the Waist." Obesity and the Impact of Weight on Health: Cut the Waist. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 May <