Change of Urban Heat Island Intensity and Its Effect on Regional Temperature Series : A Case Study in Hubei Province
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1 Climatic and Enviro nmental Research Vol110 No14 Dec , , , , ,, , ,, : 1) 40,,,,,, 20 ; 2), / 10 a, 6415 %6713 %0 %, 3, 75 %, 100 %, ; 3) %, %, (2005) P468 A Change of Urban Heat Island Intensity and Its Effect on Regional Temperature Series : A Case Study in Hubei Province CH EN Zheng2Hong 1,2, WAN G Hai2J un 3, REN Guo2Yu 4, XIAN G Hua 2, and XU E Ling 5 1 W uhan Heavy Rain I nstitute, China Meteorological A dminist ration, W uhan W uhan Regional Climate Center, W uhan W uhan Regional Meteorological I nf ormation and Technological S u p port Cent re, W uhan L aboratory f or Climate S tudies, N ational Climate Center, China Meteorological A dminist ration, B ei j ing H ubei I nstitute of Meteorological Science and Technology, W uhan Abstract Seasonal and annual bias rates of mean, minimum and maximum temperature of 71 meteorological sta2 tions in Hubei Province from are calculated and the contour maps are plotted respectively1 The warming rate and it s contribution rate are evaluated for six series of stations ( Wuhan to it s suburbs ; urban representative sta2 tions, basic/ reference stations and 71 stations to rural representative stations). The main result s are : 1) most of , (2001BA611B201) (2003DIA6N017),, ,, E2mail :
2 772 Climatic and Environmental Research 10 Vol110 the temperature bias rates are positive, but the spatial and temporal patterns are non2symmetrical1 The warming rate is high in winter, low even negative in summer1 Almost every temperature series has greater warming rate during the past 20 years ; 2) the urban heat island effect has intensified in last 40 years, in Wuhan, the warming rate of mean, maximum and minimum temperature is 012, and 0 / 10 a, and the contribution rates by urban heat island effect get %, 71 3 % and 0 % respectively, in urban representative stations, the warming rate of them are a little lower, but the contribution rates can get 75 %, even 100 % in some seasons ; 3) the contribution rate of urban heat island effect over national basic/ reference stations can get over 60 % during the past 40 years and still 50 % during the past 20 years1 Above all, these results indicate the essentiality to pay more attentions to the magnitude change of urban heat island effect on long2term mean temperature series at least on regional scale1 Key words heat island effect, temperature series, climate change, asymmetrical change 1 ( IPCC, 2001) [1 ],,, [2 ] [3 ], : 1), Karl [4 ], , Karl Jones [ 5 ], , ( ), 0112 [6 ],, ; Hansen Lebedeff [ 7 ], 10, 011 ; Balling Idso [8 ] , , ), Jones [ 9 ],,, IPCC ( IPCC, 2001) [1 ],, Wang [ 10 ] , [ 11 ] 39, [12 ], [13 ] , [14 ], [15 ],, [3 ], 20,, %, 20,,,,, 2 78,
3 4 No14 : CH EN Zheng2Hong, et al. Change of Urban Heat Island Intensity and Its Effect on Regional , ( ), 71 (1), 18 50, 1960, ,, Easterling [16 ], t, 0101,, ;, ( ) ( WU ) ( WR) ( HU) ( HR) ( HSR) 5 3, ( ), ( / 10 a),, ( ), 4 : ,, 16, ; 40, ;,, 10 : : = (WU WR HU HSR HR) ( / 10 a), < 0 ; = / WU (HU HSR) ( %), > % (011) / 10 a, 2,, (2b), (2a 2b), 1 71 Fig1 1 Distribution of 71 meteorological stations in Hubei Province
4 774 Climatic and Environmental Research 10 Vol110, (110 E ) 40 (2c), 3,, 40 : 1) ( ) 3, 2), ; 312 ( WU) ( WR), 3) WU WR,, ;, 40 3, (3 ) , (a) ( b) (c) ( : / 10 a) Fig1 2 Spatial distribution of bias of average ( a), minimum ( b), maximum (c) temperature in Hubei Province from 1961 to 2000 (u2 nit s : / 10 a) 3 ( WU) ( WR) (a) (b) (c) Fig1 3 Variation curve of average (a), minimum ( b), maximum (c) temperature difference between Wuhan station and the rural representa2 tive stations
5 4 No14 : CH EN Zheng2Hong, et al. Change of Urban Heat Island Intensity and Its Effect on Regional WU WR 3, 1 WU WR 2 : 1) ,, WU WR,, WU WR / 10 a, / 10 a, 4, ; 2) WU WR ( 0106 / 10 a),, , , ( WU) ( WR) Table 1 The temperature bias of Wuhan station ( WU) and the rural stations ( WR) / 10 a WUa (01 57) 0135 (01 49) 0104 (0107) (0142) 0131 (01 57) WRa (01 42) 0115 (01 26) ( ) (0112) 0111 (01 28) WUm (01 77) 0152 (01 64) 0129 (0148) (0153) 0155 (01 79) WRm (01 61) 0119 (01 34) ( ) (0116) 0118 (01 52) WUM (01 15) 0117 (01 21) ( ) (0116) 0106 (01 13) WRM (01 18) 0114 (01 19) ( ) (0111) 0106 (01 12) WUa (01 69) 0182 (01 52) 0148 (0135) (0155) 0186 (01 81) WRa (01 60) 0153 (01 39) 0109 (0107) (0136) 0152 (01 69) WUm (01 84) 1108 (01 67) 0175 (0158) (0157) 1113 (01 86) WRm (01 64) 0150 (01 45) 0118 (0119) (0123) 0147 (01 67) WUM (01 47) 0163 (01 36) 0127 (0118) (0146) 0169 (01 70) WRM (01 47) 0155 (01 33) 0105 (0103) (0144) 0161 (01 65) : WU WR a mm, () ( ) Notes : letter a/ m/ M ofter WU and WR means average/ minimim/ maximum respectively ; number outside (inside) parentheses is temperature bias ( similar coefficient) ; similar coefficient 01257, 01304, 01393, and means passing of T2test with trust level 01 10, 0105, 0101, and respectively ( ) 1 2 ( WU) ( WR) ( : / 10 a) ( : %) Table 2 Heat island increasing rate of Wuhan station to ( WU) the rural stations ( WR) ( units : / 10 a) and its contribution rate ( units : %) WUa, A WUa, B WUm, A WUm, B WUM, A WUM, B WUa, A WUa, B WUm, A WUm, B WUM, A WUM, B : A :, B : Note : A : heat island increasing rate, B : heat island contribution rate
6 776 Climatic and Environmental Research 10 Vol110, ), 012 / 10 a ( ) 0137 / 10 a ( ) 0 / 10 a ( ), 6415 % 313 ( HU) ( HR) 6713 %0 %, : 1),,,,, ; 20,,,, ; 2),,,, ; 3) 20, 3 3 ( HU) ( HR), ; 4) 20, HU HR 3, 3 HU HR , HU HR 3 WU WR,, 20 40, 3 75 %, 100 % ; 20 Table 3 The temperature bias of urban stations and the rural representative stations in Hubei Province / 10 a HUa (01 51) 0127 (01 41) ( ) (0138) 0123 (01 53) HRa (01 31) 0106 (01 11) ( ) (0105) 0103 (01 08) HUm (01 75) 0141 (01 61) 0112 (01 26) (0153) 0140 (01 81) HRm (01 50) 0109 (01 17) ( ) (0103) 0110 (01 35) HUM (01 15) 0117 (01 21) ( ) (0118) 0117 (01 15) HRM (01 14) 0109 (01 13) ( ) (0115) 0102 (01 04) HUa (01 63) 0163 (01 43) 0137 (01 30) (0146) 0168 (01 76) HRa (01 61) 0140 (01 34) 0112 (01 12) (0132) 0145 (01 63) HUm (01 75) 0171 (01 56) 0145 (01 43) (0142) 0170 (01 83) HRm (01 64) 0141 (01 42) 0116 (01 20) (0112) 0138 (01 59) HUM (01 45) 0152 (01 30) 0130 (01 20) (0145) 0166 (01 65) HRM (01 48) 0146 (01 30) 0118 (01 12) (0145) 0162 (01 64) 4 ( HU) ( HR) ( : / 10 a) ( : %) Table 4 Heat island increasing rate of the urban stations to the rural stations ( units : / 10 a) and heat island contribution rate ( units : %) in Hubei Province HUa, A HUa, B HUm, A HUm, B HUM, A HUM, B HUa, A HUa, B HUm, A HUm, B HUM, A HUM, B
7 4 No14 : CH EN Zheng2Hong, et al. Change of Urban Heat Island Intensity and Its Effect on Regional 777, 3 20 HU HR,, HSRHR WU WR HU HR, HSR ( HSR), 1984 ( HR),, HR HSR 3 40, HSR H71 3, %100 %, 20 HSR HR 10 %60 %, 6 ( HSR) 5 1 3, HSR, ( HR) HR 3, HU HR (4, WU WR, ),, 4 3, 16, 40, 5 ( HSR) 71 ( H71) Table 5 The temperature bias of basic/ standard stations and 71 stations in Hubei Province / 10 a HSRa (01 40) ( ) ( ) (0123) 0112 (01 33) H71a (01 29) ( ) 0111 (01 19) ( 0140) 0114 (01 25) HSRm (01 60) (0135) 0102 (01 05) (0121) 0119 (01 55) H71m (01 61) (0107) 0114 (01 23) (0162) 0120 (01 38) HSRM (01 18) (0124) ( ) 0119 ( (0124) 0109 (01 17) H71M (01 11) ( ) 0114 (01 18) (0115) 0114 (01 20) HSRa (01 64) (0141) 0130 (01 25) (0141) 0159 (01 70) H71a (01 69) (0119) 0150 (01 38) (0162) 0150 (01 39) HSRm (01 70) (0153) 0132 (01 34) (0125) 0153 (01 72) H71m (01 71) (0130) 0128 (01 23) (0169) 0155 (01 51) HSRM (01 51) (0135) 0138 (01 25) (0148) 0176 (01 69) H71M (01 65) (0116) 0185 (01 45) (0148) 0150 (01 31) 6 ( HSR) ( : / 10 a) ( : %) Table 6 Temperature increasing rate of basic/ standard stations ( units : / 10 a) and heat island contribution rate ( units : %) in Hubei Province HSRa, A HSRa, B HSRm, A HSRm, B HSRM, A HSRM, B HSRa, A HSRa, B HSRm, A HSRm, B HSRM, A HSRM, B
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