Chapter 16. Human Circulatory System
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1 Chapter 16 Human Circulatory System
2 Transport Involves the absorption and circulation of materials throughout an organism
3 Human Circulatory System Closed circulatory system- blood is always in blood vessels. Heart which pumps blood. Network of blood vessels which carry blood to and from all cells of the body.
4 Human Circulatory System
5 (I) Three Kinds of Blood Vessels 1. Arteries 2. Veins 3. Capillaries
6 Arteries Thick-walled Smooth muscle Transports blood away from heart Carries oxygenated blood (high levels of O2) Arteries divide into smaller vessels known as arterioles
7 Arteries Thick-walled Smooth muscle Transports blood away from heart Carries oxygenated blood (high levels of O2) Arteries divide into smaller vessels known as arterioles
8 Thin-walled Veins Transports blood to the heart Carries deoxygenated blood Contain valves which help prevent the backflow of blood Divide into smaller vessels known as venules
9 Very thin-walled (one cell thick) Site for the exchange of materials between the blood and body tissue (cells) Arterioles and venules are connected by capillaries Capillaries
10 Very thin-walled (one cell thick) Site for the exchange of materials between the blood and body tissue (cells) Arterioles and venules are connected by capillaries Capillaries
11 Very thin-walled (one cell thick) Site for the exchange of materials between the blood and body tissue (cells) Arterioles and venules are connected by capillaries Capillaries
12 (II) Heart Composed of cardiac muscle It is a 4-chambered pump composed of 2 atria and 2 ventricles The ventricles have thicker walls than the atria The heart pumps blood through the arteries creating a blood pressure
13 Human Heart
14 Human Heart
15 Superior Vena Cava Brings deoxygenated blood from the upper portion of the body and into the right atrium
16 Inferior Vena Cava Brings deoxygenated blood from the lower portion of the body and into the right atrium
17 Right Atrium Receives blood from the inferior and superior vena cava and pumps it into the right atrium
18 Valves A-V valve- separates the atrium from the ventricle Semi-lunar valve- separates ventricles from the arteries
19 Right Ventricle Receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery
20 Pulmonary Artery Receives blood from the right ventricle and transports it to the lungs
21 Pulmonary Vein Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transports it to the left atrium
22 Left Atrium Receives blood from the pulmonary vein and pumps it into the left ventricle
23 Left Ventricle Receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta
24 Aorta Major artery of the body Receives blood from the left ventricle and transports it to the rest of the body
25 Septum Separates the heart into a left side and a right side Left side contains oxygenated blood Right side contains deoxygenated blood
26 (III) Types of Circulation
27 Sphygmomanometer Instrument used to measure the pressure of the blood in the artery of the arm Ex: 120/ = systolic pressure 80 = diastolic pressure
28 (IV) Heartbeat Cycle Diastole (relaxation)- is the period when the ventricles are filling with blood. The A-V valve is open and blood flows from the atrium to the ventricle Systole (contraction)- is the period when the ventricle pumps blood out of the heart. A-V valve closes and the semi-lunar valve opens
29 1. Pulmonary Circulation The pathway from which blood flows from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart ( R.V. Pulm. Artery Lungs Pulm. Vein L.A.)
30 2. Systemic Circulation The pathway that carries blood from the heart to all parts of the body with the exception of the lungs
31 3. Coronary Circulation Muscle tissue of the heart is supplied with blood through a system of coronary blood vessels Coronary arteries- supply oxygenated blood to the muscle tissue of the heart
32 Disorders of the Circulatory System
33 Cardiovascular Diseases Are diseases of the heart and blood vessels
34 High Blood Pressure Increased pressure in the arteries due to stress, diet, cigarette smoking, and aging Can lead to damage of the lining of arteries and weakening of the heart muscle
35 Heart Attacks Two Types 1. Coronary Thrombosis 2. Angina Pectoris
36 Coronary Thrombosis Blockage of the coronary artery resulting in oxygen deficiency in the heart muscle
37 Coronary Thrombosis
38 Angina Pectoris Narrowing of the coronary artery causing an inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart muscle
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