A Do-it-yourself Guide to Full- and Half-duplex RFid; Lessons learned tracking bull trout in the upper Willamette

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1 A Do-it-yourself Guide to Full- and Half-duplex RFid; Lessons learned tracking bull trout in the upper Willamette Vince Tranquilli Fish Research and Monitoring Program

2 Objectives Know options available Describe two low-cost do-it-yourself systems Why? Applications How to build antennas Resources available

3 Why do-it-yourself? Cost-effective 1 site vs. 10 sites ($3-5,000 vs $70-80,000) Not completely commercially available Site and project-specific requirements When it breaks you can fix it Get the information you want

4 3 System types Half-duplex Half and full-duplex Full-duplex

5 Which system should I use? Application specific Marine, freshwater, estuary Large or small tributaries Tagging juveniles or adults Tagging 100 s or 100,000 s of fish Funding available Power options

6 Dam Adult escapement? Frequency of repeat spawning? Juvenile-to-adult survival? Reservoir South Fork McKenzie Roaring River

7 Dam Reservoir South Fork McKenzie Adult escapement? Frequency of repeat spawning? Juvenile-to-adult survival? When do juveniles move downstream? When are bull trout entrained? Which route through the dam? If recovered below dam do they survive? What areas of the reservoir are they using? When do fish leave the reservoir? Roaring River

8 Swift Creek Chuckle Springs Indigo Springs Iko Springs Dam Reservoir Middle Fork Willamette River Where are fish spawning?

9 Juvenile tagging size Fork length (mm) <19 Number of bull trout

10 Full-duplex Half-duplex 12 mm 23 mm Image by Warren Leach

11 <19 < Juvenile tagging size Fork length (mm) Number of bull trout

12 Scalpel blade to implant Juveniles: > 100 mm in length body cavity Sub-adult to Adult: > 270 mm in length dorsal sinus

13 Two Do-it-yourself Systems Zydlewski et al J. Fish Biology Stationary and mobile half-duplex system Bond et al Transactions Low-cost full and half-duplex system

14 TI-RFid System (half-duplex tags) Power twinax Reader Tuning board Data logger Antenna

15 TI-RFid System (half-duplex tags) VDC 0.75 Power - 1 Amp twinax Reader Data logger Antenna

16 Scale

18 Low impact on fish behavior - Chinook salmon redd in antenna

19 Stream-width 1 loop antennas < 30 long 12 volt 12 gauge wire Max. depth ~ 3.2 ft.

20 Stream-width 1 loop antennas Larger antennas: 18 volt < 30 long 60 x volt 80 x 12 3 gauge wire 190 x 18 Max. depth ~ 3.2 ft.

21 Stream Profile Max. separation distance 1 m (depth)

22 Keep top and bottom wires parallel Rock Vector flow

23 Keep top and bottom wires parallel Rock Vector flow Reduce antenna performance Antenna still detecting fish

25 Materials Avoid metal cable if possible, but if you use it you need metal fasteners every 6 inches With rope you can use plastic twist ties

26 Building Antennas

27 6 1 antenna 2 loops 12 gauge ¾ space

28 1 antenna 2 loops 12 gauge ¾ inch space 9 x 9

29 Common Aggravation No detection area - due to metal interference in rebar and antenna environment

30 Solution Move away from metal or shield antenna

31 Swim-thru vs. Swim-over antennas Map detection field in cross-sectional view Tag and antenna orientation matter

32 Swim-over antenna Manipulate the geometry to improve performance 32 6

33 3 loops 8 gauge m diameter 3 ¼ tube Inductance µh m

34 Increase detection efficiency? Increase detection depth? Add a resonate antenna

35 Increase detection efficiency? Increase detection depth? Add a resonate antenna

36 Resonant Antenna DO3

37 Resonant Antenna DO3

38 Increase detection efficiency? Cross stream multiple times 1 antenna 1 loop 12 gauge 3 x 15

39 Cross stream multiple times

40 1 antenna 2 loops 12 gauge ¾ inch space 5 x 5

41 Directional Movement

42 Multiplex Antennas A1 A2 Upstream A1 0:00:00 A2 0:00:01 Downstream A2 0:00:00 A1 0:00:01 Flow

43 Fish Attractor Station Fish attraction (light, bait,habitat) Add video for untagged fish 1 antenna 8 gauge wire Variable size, # of loops, spacing

44 Fish Attraction Station

45 How do I cover a larger area and increase the depth? 1 antenna 1/O welding wire 2 spacing 50 x µh

46 2 Antennas 1/O welding wire 2 spacing 50 x µh

47 < Juvenile tagging size Fork length (mm) Number of bull trout

48 Two Do-it-yourself Systems Zydlewski et al J. Fish Biology Stationary and mobile half-duplex system Bond et al Transactions Low-cost full and half-duplex system

49 Allflex System (full- and half-duplex tags)

50 Allflex System (full- and half-duplex tags)

51 Allflex System (full- and half-duplex tags) Reader Power Data logger 1 20 Antenna Must be rigid Must stay submerged Narrow tuning range 31 jumper settings µh range

52 Allflex panel reader board $600-1,000 2 x 10 Antenna FDX 12 mm tag 15 HDX 23 mm tag 19 2 x 20 Antenna

53 Building FDX Antennas 2 x 10 Antenna 5 wraps 12 gauge THHN wire No spacing between wires 2 x 20 Antenna 7 wraps

54 Building Antennas Relatively cheap Limiting factors Frame leaks no detection 2 flex and no detection

55 In Conclusion What is the best system? Application specific Why do it yourself? Cost effective Fix it yourself Build antennas to fit your needs Tools and resources available to help

56 Resources AFS - Bioengineering Section online forum USGS - Manual compiled by Alex Haro for half-duplex systems ODFW Data logging software, antenna designs, presentations vince.tranquilli@state.or.us

57 Acknowledgements Gayle Zyldewski Alex Haro Warren Leach

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