MODULE CONTENT YEAR TERM CREDITS TYPE. Having studied and passed the following matters: Structural Biochemistry and Metabolic Biochemistry.

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1 SUBJECT GUIDE Academic year MICROBIOLOGY I MODULE CONTENT YEAR TERM CREDITS TYPE MICROBIOLOGY I OBLIGATORY LECTURER(S) Postal address, telephone n o, address DEGREE WITHIN WHICH THE SUBJECT IS TAUGHT DEGREE IN PHARMACY PREREQUISITES and/or RECOMMENDATIONS (if necessary) Having studied and passed the following matters: Structural Biochemistry and Metabolic Biochemistry. BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE SUBJECT PROGRAMME (ACCORDING TO THE DEGREE??) Acquisition of knowledge of the microbial world from any perspective with preferential orientation to the multidisciplinary activities of the pharmaceutical world: Knowledge of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, viruses and subvirasic particles. GENERAL AND PARTICULAR ABILITIES A. Generic Competences: CG3; CG9; CG10; CG13 B. Specific Competences: CEM3.4; CEM3.5; CEM3.6; CEM3.8 OBJECTIVES (EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF EXPECTED RESULTS OF THE TEACHING PROGRAMME) Acquire knowledge of the microbial world from any perspective to understand the biosphere, with the preferential orientation to the multidisciplinary activities of the pharmaceutical world. Manage basic techniques of microbiology. DETAILED SUBJECT SYLLABUS BLOCK I. INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY (2 themes: 2 classes and 1 tutorial) 1. Concept and historical development of microbiology. Concept of microorganism and microbiology. Brief historical Página 1

2 development of the Microbiology. The future of Microbiology. Define the concepts of Microbiology and microorganisms. Make a brief historical development of microbiology. Knowledge of the future prospects of microbiology. 2. Microbial diversity. Classification of living beings in domains. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microorganisms and biological entities without cellular organization. Place among the rest of living microorganisms. Mark the differences between the cells, prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Define the biological entities devoid of cell organization. BLOCK II. PROKARYOTIC MICROORGANISMS (14 themes: 22 classes, 4 seminars and 3 tutorials) BLOCK IIA. CELLULAR STRUCTURES 3. General organization of a prokaryote cell. Size, shape and associations. Extracellular polymers. Cell wall. Cytoplasmic membrane. Objective: Describe the concept, morphology, structure, chemical composition and functions of each of the components of the sheath of the prokaryote cell. 4. Cytoplasmic contents and filamentous appendages. Cytoplasm. Ribosomes. Inclusions in reserve. Cytoplasmic organelles. Nucleoid. Plasmids. Replication of genetic material. Flagella. Fimbriae and pili. Describe the concept, morphology, structure, chemical composition and functions of each of the components of the cytoplasm and filamentous appendages of prokaryotic cell. 5. Differentiated cells: bacterial endospore. Other differentiated cells. Describe the concept, morphology, structure, chemical composition and function of the bacterial endospore. Explain the process of sporulation and germination. Indicate the general characteristics of other differentiated bacterial cells. BLOCK IIB. NUTRITION, METABOLISM AND GROWTH 6. The nutrition of prokaryotes. Nutritional requirements of the prokaryotes. Nutritional rating. Describe nutritional requirements and make the nutritional classification of prokaryotes. Explain the concept of siderophores and understand the advantage conferred to the prokaryotes. Define what are the organic growth factors and its relationship with the concepts of prototrophy and auxotrophy. Página 2

3 7. Metabolism of chemoheterotrophs. Aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Fermentations. Describe the general specific characteristics of prokaryotes chemoheterotrophs metabolism. Highlight the differences between the aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Describe the different types of fermentation and their industrial uses. 8. Metabolism in chemoautotrophs. Energy and reducing power in chemoautotrophs. Chemoautotroph main processes. Objective: Describe different groups of prokaryotic chemoautotrophs and their metabolism. 9. Metabolism of phototrophs. General concepts. Oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis. Describe the different groups of phototrophic prokaryotes and their metabolism. 10. Cellular and population growth. Cell cycle of prokaryotes. Mathematical expression of exponential growth. Phases of the population growth in closed or discontinued cultures. Continuous cultivation. Growth in natural environments: biofilms. Describe the bacterial cell cycle. Develop the mathematical expression of population growth. Explain the phases of population growth in closed or discontinued systems. Explain the concept of continuous cultivation and its applications. Describe the biofilm as a form of growth in natural environments. 11. Measurement of bacterial growth. Direct and indirect techniques. Describe the growth measurement methods and their applications. 12. Influence of physical agents on growth. Describe the influence of different physical agents on bacterial growth and death. Explain how these physical agents determined the distribution of microorganisms in the nature. Explain the use of various physical agents for control of microorganisms. BLOCK IIC. GENETICS 13. Introduction to the genetics of prokaryotes. General concepts. Recombination. Explain the basic concepts of genetics of prokaryotes. Describe the types of recombination and its consequences in the variability of the prokaryotes. 14. Mutations. General concepts. Mutation types at the molecular level and their phenotypic effects. Induced mutations: mutagenic agents. Systems of mutations repairment. Reversibility of the mutations. Test of Ames. Página 3

4 Describe the significance of the mutation in the generation of genetic variability of the prokaryotes. Studying its molecular basis, its phenotypic effects and mechanisms that prokaryotes have to repair their mutations or counteract its effects. Explain how mutants are experimentally obtained. Describe the Ames test and its utility. 15. Horizontal transfer of genetic material in bacteria: Transformation. Conjugation. Transduction. Describe the different types of horizontal transfer of genes between prokaryotes, explaining its mechanism, its biological meaning and its applications. BLOCK III. VIRUS AND SUBVIRASICS ENTITIES (4 themes: 5 classes, 1 seminar 1, 1 tutorial) 16. General characteristics of viruses. Concept. Structure and chemical composition of the virus. Classification. Differentiate viruses from cellular organisms. Describe the morphology, structure and chemical composition of each of the virus components. Define the criteria for the classification of viruses. 17. Animal viruses. An overview of animal viruses. Viral multiplication cycle. Consequences of virus infection in animal cells. Oncogenic viruses: cell transformation. Techniques of study of animal viruses. Summarize the general characteristics of animal viruses. Describe the different stages of the viral multiplication. Highlight the consequences of viral multiplication. Describe the importance of the tumour transformation by virus. Describe the techniques of study of animal viruses. 18. Bacteriophages. General concepts. Classification. Virulent bacteriophages: lytic cycle. Moderately bacteriophages: lysogenic cycle. Characteristics of the lisogenic cells. Techniques of study of bacteriophages. Describe the general characteristics of bacteriophages Differentiate between virulent and moderately phages Point out the importance of the lysogeny and phages conversion. Describe the study techniques of bacteriophages. 19. Subvirasic entities. Viroids. Virusoids. Prions. Differentiate between the types of subvirasic entities Describe the clinical relevance of the different subvirasic entities. BLOCK IV. EUKARYOTIC MICROORGANISMS (1 theme: 2 classes, 1 seminar) 20. Fungi. General characteristics of fungi. Clinical and industrial importance. Página 4

5 Describe the general characteristics of fungi. Describe the main fungus of clinical and industrial interest. PRACTICAL SYLLABUS: Practice 1. Preparation of culture media. Sterilization techniques. Practice 2. Observation of bacteria. Optical microscopy: fresh and stain tests: types of stains. Practice 3. The cultivation of bacteria. Isolation techniques and production of pure culture. Practice 4. Count of the number of viable bacteria by using the method of dilution and seeding on plate. Practice 5. Introduction to genetic manipulation of microorganisms: transformation of Escherichia coli. READING FUNDAMENTAL BIBLIOGRAPHY: MADIGAN, M.T., MARTINKO, J.M. and PARKER, J. (2009). Brock. Biology of the microorganisms. 12th edition. Pearson Prentice Hall. Madrid. PRESCOTT, L.M., HARLEY, J.P. and KLEIN, D.A. (2009). Microbiology. 7th edition. Mac Graw Hill. Madrid. INGRAHAM, J. L. and INGRAHAM, C.A. (1998). Introduction to Microbiology. Reverté. Barcelona. COMPLEMENTARY BIBLIOGRAPHY: MIMS, C., DOCKRELL, H.M., ROITT, I. WALKELIN, D., ZUCKERMAN, M. (2004). Medical Microbiology 3 rd edition. Elsevier Mosby. Spain. MURRAY, P.R., ROSENTHAL, K.S. and PFALLER, M.A. (2006). Clinical Microbiology. 5th edition. Elsevier, Spain. STRUTHERS, J.K. and WESTERN, R.P.(2005). Clinical Bacteriology. Masson, Barcelona TORTORA, G.J., FUNKE, B.R. and CAE, C.L. (2007). Introduction to Microbiology. 9th edition. Panamericana. Buenos Aires. Argentina RECOMMENDED INTERNET LINKS Instituto de Salud Carlos III: CDC. Centro para el control y la prevención de enfermedades infecciosas (EEUU): Prácticas on line de Microbiología para farmacéuticos: Harrison Medicina. Enfermedades infecciosas: Sociedad Española de Microbiología SEM: Grupo de Docencia y Difusión de la Microbiología SEM: Página 5