15 of Feeds. Nutrient Composition

Transcription

1 utrient Composition 15 of Feeds Data in Table 15-1 were compiled from commercial laboratories, literature data, utrient Requirements of Beef Cattle (ational Research Council, 1996), and unpublished data provided by university researchers. When commercial laboratory data disagreed greatly with published data ( 1.5 from the mean), the published data were used. The table includes means, standard deviations, and the number of samples () used to generate those statistics. Users should examine the standard deviation and before using the mean value as an estimate of the nutritional content of a specific feed sample. Means derived from a large will better reflect the total population. Means with a large standard deviation may represent the total population but may be a poor estimate for a specific sample. All energy values in Table 15-1 were calculated from the mean nutrient data for each entry. Values for ME and E L assume the diet has 74 percent TD. eutral detergent insoluble crude protein (DICP) and acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP) are not used directly to formulate diets but are used to calculate energy. Ether extract values represent the total lipid content of a feed but is a poor index of the true fat content of many feeds. The concentration of fatty acids in a feed is a measure of the true fat content and should replace the ether extract assay (Sukhija and Palmquist, 1988). Ether extract values were retained in this edition because of the limited availability of fatty acid data for most feedstuffs. In some cases, data were used that were derived with different analytic techniques, especially neutral detergent fiber (DF) because other data were not available (see section on Analytic Procedures in chapter 13). Lignin and ash concentrations are used only to estimate energy values and the majority of lignin values were determined using sulfuric acid acid detergent lignin (ADL). Fiber concentrations are not presented for animal-based feedstuffs because the values have little meaning. Concentrations of macro and trace minerals are included in the table; however, before using these values, examine the standard deviations. Soil concentrations of minerals are highly variable; geographic differ- ences exist for the mineral concentrations of many feeds. For most trace minerals, the standard deviation is high. The use of mean values for copper, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc is discouraged. Concentrations of molybdenum are provided only in reference to copper availability. For a very limited number of entries, the concentrations of certain nutrients (DICP, ADICP, and some minerals) were estimated. Values in the table with no were estimated. Generally the estimates were from a larger population (e.g., the sulfur concentration for normal corn silage also was used for immature corn silage). For some hay crop forages, values for a specific maturity class were estimated from the all samples entries. For some forage classifications, estimates of DICP and ADICP were calculated from the mean value as a percent of crude protein (CP) for the all sample entries and multiplying that value by the mean CP for the specific entry. Data for ground corn (dry and high moisture) was used for cracked dry and high moisture corn. Data for dry rolled sorghum was used for steam-flaked sorghum. Common names were used to designate feeds. In contrast with previous editions, data for different species of cool season grasses (C-3) were combined into a single classification (Grasses, Cool Season). The classification was simplified because nutrient composition does not vary greatly among different species (Cherney et al., 1993). Similarly, common legumes (alfalfa, clover, trefoil) were combined into a single classification (Legumes, Forage). The standard maturity classifications were eliminated because data from commercial labs and published data often do not include specific maturity designations. Within the cool season grasses and forage legume categories entries were broken into low DF, medium DF, and high DF. Typically less mature forages contain lower DF concentrations, but growing conditions can alter that relationship. The DF concentrations, included in each entry are in the table. Because of the widespread use of mixed legume and grass forages, entries were included for this type of forage. The difference in hemicellulose 281

2 282 utrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle concentrations between legumes and grasses was used to partition feeds into mostly ( 70 percent) grass mixtures, mixtures with approximately equal amount grass and legume, and mostly ( 70 percent) legume mixtures. Maturity classification for mixed forages was also based on DF concentrations. Maturity of corn silage was estimated from dry matter content. Generally, as corn plants mature, dry matter increases (Wiersma et al., 1993). REFERECES Cherney, D. J., J. H. Cherney, and R. F. Lucey In vitro digestion kinetics and quality of perennial grasses as influenced by forage maturity. J. Dairy Sci. 76: ational Research Council utrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. 7th rev. ed. ational Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Sukhija, P. S., and D. L. Palmquist Rapid method for determination of total fatty acid content and composition of feedstuffs and feces. J. Agric. Food Chem. 36: Wiersma, D. W., P. R. Carter, K. A. Albrecht, and J. G. Coors Kernel milkline stage and corn forage yield, quality, and dry matter content. J. Prod. Agr. 6:94 99.

3 utrient Composition of Feeds 283 TABLE 15-1 a dry basis) utrient Composition and Variability of Some Feedstuffs Commonly Fed to Dairy Cattle (all values on ME- EL- EL- EM- EG- Inter- TD DE-1X 3X 3X 4X 3X 3X Ether Entry Feed ame/description national TD- Equation Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ DM CP DICP ADICP Extract DF ADF Lignin Ash o. Feed o. 1X % Class PAF kg kg kg kg kg kg % % % % % % % % % ALFALFA Also see LEGUMES, FORAGE Medicago sativa 1 Meal, 17% CP Forage ALMOD 2 Hulls Conc APPLE 3 Pomace, wet Conc BAKERY BYPRODUCT 4 Byproduct meal Conc Bread, waste Conc Cereal byproduct Conc Cookie byproduct Conc BARLEY 8 Grain, rolled Conc Malt sprouts Conc Silage, headed Forage BEET, SUGAR 11 Pulp, dried Conc BERMUDAGRASS Cynodon dactlyon 12 Coastal, hay, early head Forage Tifton-85, hay, 3-4 wk growth IF 55.3 Forage BLOOD 14 Meal, ring dried Animal A A 1.2 A A A Meal, batch dried (composition 65.9 Animal A A 1.2 A A A 2.5 data from ring-dried) BLUEGRASS See GRASSES, COOL SEASO Poa pratensis BREWERS GRAIS 16 Dried Conc Wet Conc BROME, SMOOTH See GRASSES, COOL SEASO Bromus inermis CAARYGRASS, REED See GRASSES, COOL SEASO Phalaris arundianacea CAOLA 18 Seed Conc

4 284 utrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle TABLE 15-1 ME- EL- EL- EM- EG- Inter- TD DE-1X 3X 3X 4X 3X 3X Ether Entry Feed ame/description national TD- Equation Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ DM CP DICP ADICP Extract DF ADF Lignin Ash o. Feed o. 1X % Class PAF kg kg kg kg kg kg % % % % % % % % % 19 Meal, mech. extracted Conc CHOCOLATE 20 Byproduct Conc CITRUS 21 Pulp dried Conc CLOVER, LADIO See LEGUMES, FORAGE Trifolium pratense CLOVER, RED See LEGUMES, FORAGE Trifolium repens COR, YELLOW 22 Cobs Conc Distillers grains with solubles, dried Conc Gluten feed, dried Conc Gluten meal, dried Conc Grain, cracked, dry Conc Grain, ground, dry Conc Grain, steam-flaked Conc Grain, rolled, high moisture Conc Grain, ground, high moisture Conc Grain and cob, dry, ground Conc Grain and cob, high moisture, Conc ground Hominy Conc Silage, immature Forage % DM Silage, normal Forage % DM Silage, mature Forage % DM COTTO SEED 37 Whole seeds with lint Conc

5 utrient Composition of Feeds 285 TABLE 15-1 ME- EL- EL- EM- EG- Inter- TD DE-1X 3X 3X 4X 3X 3X Ether Entry Feed ame/description national TD- Equation Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ DM CP DICP ADICP Extract DF ADF Lignin Ash o. Feed o. 1X % Class PAF kg kg kg kg kg kg % % % % % % % % % 38 Hulls Conc Meal, solvent, 41% CP Conc FATS AD OILS 40 Calcium soaps IF Fat Hydrolyzed tallow fatty acids IF Fat A A A 0 42 Partially hydrogenated tallow IF 96.6 Fat G A A A 0 43 Tallow IF Fat G A A A 0 44 Vegetable oil Fat G FEATHERS 45 Hydrolyzed meal 72.8 Animal A A 4.6 A A A Hydrolyzed meal with some Animal A A 8.8 A A A 5.5 viscera FESCUE See GRASSES, COOL SEASO Festuca sp. FISH BYPRODUCTS 47 Anchovy, meal, mech Animal A A 4.6 A A A Menhaden, meal, mech Animal A A 10.4 A A A GRASSES, COOL SEASO 49 Pasture, intensively managed Forage Hay, all samples Forage Hay, immature Forage % DF Hay, mid maturity Forage % DF Hay, mature Forage % DF Silage, all samples Forage Silage, immature Forage % DF Silage, mid maturity Forage % DF Silage, mature Forage % DF

6 286 utrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle TABLE 15-1 ME- EL- EL- EM- EG- Inter- TD DE-1X 3X 3X 4X 3X 3X Ether Entry Feed ame/description national TD- Equation Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ DM CP DICP ADICP Extract DF ADF Lignin Ash o. Feed o. 1X % Class PAF kg kg kg kg kg kg % % % % % % % % % GRASS-LEGUME MIXTURES Predominantly grass (17-22% Hemicellulose) 58 Hay, immature Forage % DF Hay, mid maturity Forage % DF Hay, mature Forage % DF Silage, immature Forage % DF Silage, mid maturity Forage % DF Silage, mature Forage % DF Mixed Grass and Legume (12-15% Hemicellulose) 64 Hay, immature Forage % DF Hay, mid maturity Forage % DF Hay, mature Forage % DF Silage, immature Forage % DF Silage, mid maturity Forage % DF Silage, mature Forage % DF Predominantly Legume (10-13% Hemicellulose) 70 Hay, immature Forage % DF Hay, mid maturity Forage % DF Hay, mature Forage % DF Silage, immature Forage % DF Silage, mid maturity Forage % DF

7 utrient Composition of Feeds 287 TABLE 15-1 ME- EL- EL- EM- EG- Inter- TD DE-1X 3X 3X 4X 3X 3X Ether Entry Feed ame/description national TD- Equation Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ DM CP DICP ADICP Extract DF ADF Lignin Ash o. Feed o. 1X % Class PAF kg kg kg kg kg kg % % % % % % % % % 75 Silage, mature Forage % DF LEGUMES, FORAGE 76 Pasture, intensively managed Forage Hay, all samples Forage Hay, immature Forage % DF Hay, mid maturity Forage % DF Hay, mature Forage % DF Silage, all samples Forage Silage, immature Forage % DF Silage, mid maturity Forage % DF Silage, mature Forage % DF LISEED (Flax) Conc meal, solvent MEAT 86 Meal, rendered Animal A A 12.7 A A A Meat and bone, rendered Animal A A 10.4 A A A MOLASSES 88 Beet sugar Conc Sugarcane Conc OATS 90 Grain, rolled Conc Hay, headed Forage Silage, headed Forage ORCHARDGRASS see GRASSES, COOL SEASO Dactylis glomerata PEAUT 93 Meal, solvent Conc

8 288 utrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle TABLE 15-1 ME- EL- EL- EM- EG- Inter- TD DE-1X 3X 3X 4X 3X 3X Ether Entry Feed ame/description national TD- Equation Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ DM CP DICP ADICP Extract DF ADF Lignin Ash o. Feed o. 1X % Class PAF kg kg kg kg kg kg % % % % % % % % % POTATO 94 Byproduct meal Conc RICE 95 Bran Conc RYE, AUAL 96 Silage, vegetative Forage RYEGRASS see GRASSES, COOL SEASO Lolium sp. SAFFLOWER 97 Meal, solvent Conc SORGHUM, GRAI TYPE 98 Grain, dry rolled Conc Grain, steam-flaked Conc Silage Forage SORGHUM, SUDA TYPE 101 Hay Forage Silage Forage SOYBEA 103 Hulls Conc Meal, expellers, Conc % CP Meal, nonenzymatically 82.9 Conc browned Meal, solvent, 44% CP Conc Meal, solvent, 48% CP Conc Seeds, whole Conc Seeds, whole roasted Conc Silage, early maturity Forage SUFLOWER 111 Meal, solvent Conc Oil seeds, whole Conc TIMOTHY Phleum pratense TREFOIL, BIRDSFOOT Lotus corniculatus See GRASSES, COOL SEASO See LEGUMES, FORAGE

9 utrient Composition of Feeds 289 TABLE 15-1 ME- EL- EL- EM- EG- Inter- TD DE-1X 3X 3X 4X 3X 3X Ether Entry Feed ame/description national TD- Equation Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ Mcal/ DM CP DICP ADICP Extract DF ADF Lignin Ash o. Feed o. 1X % Class PAF kg kg kg kg kg kg % % % % % % % % % TOMATO 113 Pomace Conc TRITICALE 114 Silage, headed Forage WHEAT 115 Bran Conc Grain, rolled Conc Hay, headed Forage Middlings Conc Silage, early head Forage Straw Forage WHEY 121 Wet, cattle Animal A A 0.7 A A A

10 TABLE 15-2a. itrogen Fractions, RUP Digestibility, and Amino Acids of Feedstuffs Example RUP (%CP) DMI DMI Fractions 2.0% 4.0% International (% CP) BW BW Kd Forage Forage RUP Entry Feed ame/ Feed Feed CP DICP ADICP (%/h) 25% 50% Digest Arg His Ile Leu Lys Met Cys Phe Thr Trp Val TEAA Lys Met o. Description o. Type % % % A B C of B DMI DMI % %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %EAA %EAA ALFALFA 1 Meal, 17% CP Conc ALMOD 2 Hulls Conc ( fractions and Kd from canola hulls) APPLE 3 Pomace, wet Conc ( fractions and Kd from citrus pulp, dried) BAKERY BYPRODUCT 4 Byproduct meal Conc ( fractions and Kd from wheat middlings) Bread, waste Conc ( fractions and Kd from wheat middlings; amino acids from bakery byproduct meal) Cereal byproduct Conc ( fractions, Kd, and amino acids from wheat bran) Cookie byproduct Conc ( fractions and Kd from wheat middlings) BARLEY 8 Grain, rolled Conc Malt sprouts Conc Silage, headed Wet (Amino acids from rye silage) utrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle

11 BEET, SUGAR 11 Pulp, dried Conc BERMUDAGRASS (Cynodon dactylon) 12 Coastal, hay, early Dry head Tifton-85, hay, IF Dry wk growth BLOOD 14 Meal, ring dried Conc 95.5 A A Meal, batch dried Conc 95.5 A A (CP and amino acids from blood meal, ring dried) BREWERS GRAIS 16 Dried Conc Wet Conc (Trp from brewers grains, dried) CAOLA 18 Seeds, ground Conc (Amino acids from canola meal) Meal, mech Conc extracted CHOCOLATE 20 Byproduct Conc ( fractions and Kd from molasses, beet sugar) CITRUS 21 Pulp dried Conc COR, YELLOW 22 Cobs Conc Distillers grains with Conc solubles, dried Gluten feed, dried Conc utrient Composition of Feeds 291

12 TABLE 15-2a. Example RUP (%CP) DMI DMI Fractions 2.0% 4.0% International (% CP) BW BW Kd Forage Forage RUP Entry Feed ame/ Feed Feed CP DICP ADICP (%/h) 25% 50% Digest Arg His Ile Leu Lys Met Cys Phe Thr Trp Val TEAA Lys Met o. Description o. Type % % % A B C of B DMI DMI % %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %EAA %EAA 25 Gluten meal, dried Conc Grain, cracked, dry Conc (Amino acids from ground dry corn) Grain, ground, dry Conc (CP, DICP, and ADICP from cracked corn) Grain, steam-flaked Conc Grain, rolled, high Conc moisture ( fractions, Kd, and amino acids from ground grain, high moisture) Grain, ground, high Conc moisture Grain and cob, dry, Conc ground Grain and cob, high Conc moisture, ground ( fractions and Kd calculated from dry and high moisture grains) Hominy Conc Silage, immature Wet % DM (Amino acids from normal corn silage) Silage, normal Wet % DM utrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle

13 36 Silage, mature Wet % DM (Amino acids from normal corn silage) COTTO SEED 37 Whole seeds with Conc lint Hulls Conc ( fractions and Kd from canola hulls) Meal, solvent, 41% Conc CP FATS AD OILS 40 Calcium soaps IF Conc Hydrolyzed Tallow IF Conc Partially IF Conc hydrogenated tallow 43 Tallow IF Conc Vegetable oil Conc FEATHERS 45 Hydrolyzed meal Conc 92.0 A A Hydrolyzed meal Conc 85.0 A A with some viscera ( fractions and Kd from feather meal) FISH BYPRODUCTS 47 Anchovy, meal, Conc 71.2 A A mech Menhaden, meal, Conc 68.5 A A mech GRASSES, COOL SEASO 49 Pasture, intensively Wet managed Hay, all samples Dry utrient Composition of Feeds 293

14 TABLE 15-2a. Example RUP (%CP) DMI DMI Fractions 2.0% 4.0% International (% CP) BW BW Kd Forage Forage RUP Entry Feed ame/ Feed Feed CP DICP ADICP (%/h) 25% 50% Digest Arg His Ile Leu Lys Met Cys Phe Thr Trp Val TEAA Lys Met o. Description o. Type % % % A B C of B DMI DMI % %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %EAA %EAA 51 Hay, immature Dry % DF Hay, mid maturity Dry % DF Hay, mature Dry % DF Silage, all samples Wet Silage, immature Wet % DF Silage, mid-maturity Wet % DF Silage, mature Wet % DF GRASS-LEGUME MIXTURES Predominantly grass (17-22% Hemicellulose) 58 Hay, immature Dry % DF Hay, mid-maturity Dry % DF Hay, mature Dry % DF Silage, immature Wet % DF Silage, mid-maturity Wet % DF utrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle

15 63 Silage, mature Wet % DF Mixed grass and legume (12-15% Hemicellulose) 64 Hay, immature Dry % DF Hay, mid-maturity Dry % DF Hay, mature Dry % DF Silage, immature Wet % DF Silage, mid-maturity Wet % DF Silage, mature Wet % DF Predominantly Legume ( % Hemicellulose) 70 Hay, immature Dry % DF Hay, mid-maturity Dry % DF Hay, mature Dry % DF Silage, immature Wet % DF Silage, mid-maturity Wet % DF Silage, mature Wet % DF LEGUMES, FORAGE 76 Pasture, intensively Wet managed Hay, all samples Dry utrient Composition of Feeds 295

16 TABLE 15-2a. Example RUP (%CP) DMI DMI Fractions 2.0% 4.0% International (% CP) BW BW Kd Forage Forage RUP Entry Feed ame/ Feed Feed CP DICP ADICP (%/h) 25% 50% Digest Arg His Ile Leu Lys Met Cys Phe Thr Trp Val TEAA Lys Met o. Description o. Type % % % A B C of B DMI DMI % %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %EAA %EAA 78 Hay, immature Dry % DF Hay, mid-maturity Dry % DF Hay, mature Dry % DF Silage, all samples Wet Silage, immature Wet % DF Silage, mid-maturity Wet % DF Silage, mature Wet % DF LISEED (Flax) meal, solvent Conc MEAT 86 Meal, rendered Conc 57.6 A A Meat and bone, Conc 54.2 A A rendered MOLASSES 88 Beet sugar Conc (Amino acids from molasses, sugarcane) Sugarcane Conc ( fractions and Kd from molasses, beet sugar) utrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle

17 OATS 90 Grain, rolled Conc Hay, headed Dry (Amino acids from oat silage, headed) Silage, headed Wet PEAUT 93 Meal, solvent Conc POTATO 94 Byproduct meal Conc ( fractions and Kd from beet pulp) RICE 95 Bran Conc RYE, AUAL 96 Silage, vegetative Wet ( fractions and Kd from barley silage) SAFFLOWER 97 Meal, solvent Conc ( fractions and Kd from canola meal) SORGHUM, GRAI TYPE 98 Grain, dry rolled Conc Grain, steam-flaked Conc (Amino acid data from sorghum grain) 100 Silage Wet ( fractions and Kd from corn silage, normal) SORGHUM, SUDA TYPE 101 Hay Dry (Data from grass hay, mature) Silage Wet (Amino acids from grass silage, mature) utrient Composition of Feeds 297

18 TABLE 15-2a. Example RUP (%CP) DMI DMI Fractions 2.0% 4.0% International (% CP) BW BW Kd Forage Forage RUP Entry Feed ame/ Feed Feed CP DICP ADICP (%/h) 25% 50% Digest Arg His Ile Leu Lys Met Cys Phe Thr Trp Val TEAA Lys Met o. Description o. Type % % % A B C of B DMI DMI % %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %EAA %EAA SOYBEA 103 Hulls Conc Meal, expellers, 45% Conc CP Meal, Conc nonenzymatically browned Meal, solvent, 44% Conc CP Meal, solvent, 48% Conc CP Seeds, whole Conc Seeds, whole roasted Conc Silage, early maturity Wet ( fractions, Kd, and amino acids from legume silage, mid maturity) SUFLOWER 111 Meal, solvent Conc Oil seeds, whole Conc (Amino acids from sunflower meal, solvent) TOMATO 113 Pomace Conc ( fractions and Kd from citrus pulp, dried) utrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle

19 TRITICALE 114 Silage, headed Wet ( fractions and Kd from barley silage) WHEAT 115 Bran Conc Grain, rolled Conc Hay, headed Dry ( fractions and Kd from oat hay; amino acids from wheat silage) Middlings Conc Silage, early head Wet Straw Dry (Amino acids estimated) WHEY 121 Wet, cattle Conc 14.6 A A ( fractions and Kd estimated) OTE: Values for CP, DICP, and ADICP are the same as those presented in Table The fraction and Kd data are a summary of published values. The example RUP values were calculated using the equations in the text and in the case of dry forages the fractions (A,B, and C), the Kd of the B fraction, and the DF values reported in the feed tables. Most of the amino acid values are courtesy of Degussa Corporation with a majority of the values obtained from the book, The Amino Acid Composition of Feedstuffs (Fickler et al., 1996). Exceptions are values for extruded soybean meal, whole sunflower seeds, safflower meal, and some of the data for nonenzymatically browned soybean meal (courtesy of Rhone-Poulenc Animal utrition), values for feather meal with some viscera (Cunningham et al, 1994), values for tomato pomace (US-Canadian Table of Feed Composition, 1982), and values for dried brewers grains, hominy, fish byproducts, linseed meal, and safflower meal (RC, 1998). The amino acid values for the grass-legume mixtures of hays and silages were calculated from the values for all grass and all legume forages assuming 75% grass and 25% legume for predominantly grass, 50% grass and 50% legume for mixed grass and legume, and 25% grass and 75% legume for predominantly legume. utrient Composition of Feeds 299

20 Table 15-2b. itrogen Fractions and Amino Acid Composition of Less Commonly Used Feedstuffs, Which Are Cited in the Literature, But Were ot Included as Commonly Used Feedstuffs in Table 15-2a Fractions (% CP) Kd RUP Entry and Feed CP (%/h) Digest Arg His Ile Leu Lys Met Cys Phe Thr Trp Val TEAA Lys Met o. Feed ame/description Type % A B C of B % %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %EAA %EAA ALFALFA 1 Cubes, dry Dry (Amino acids from midmaturity legume hay) Cubes, ensiled Wet (Amino acids from midmaturity legume silage) BARLEY 3 Grain, dry, hulless Conc (His and Phe from barley grain, rolled) Grain, heat treated Conc (Amino acids from barley grain, rolled) Grain, high moisture Conc (Amino acids from barley grain, rolled) Grain, high moisture, Conc ammoniated (Amino acids from barley grain, rolled) Mill run, 80% DF Conc Mill run, 60% DF Conc Grain, temper-rolled, Conc hulless (Amino acids from barley grain, hulless) Silage, vegetative Wet (Amino acids from rye silage) utrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle

21 11 Straw Dry (CP and amino acids estimated) BORAGE (Borago officinalis) 12 Meal, dry Conc CAOLA 13 Hulls Conc Seeds, coarse grind Conc (AA from canola meal, mech. extracted) Meal, mech. extracted, Conc heated (Amino acids from canola meal, mech. extracted) COCOUT Conc Meal (Amino acids from RC, 1998) COR, YELLOW 17 Distillers grains, dried Conc (Amino acids from 1998 Swine RC) Grain, dry, extruded Conc (Amino acids from corn grain, dry) Silage Wet % DF (Amino acids from corn silage, mature) Silage Wet to 50% DF (Amino acids from corn silage, normal) Silage Wet to 50% DF (Amino acids from corn silage, normal) utrient Composition of Feeds 301

22 Table 15-2b. Fractions (% CP) Kd RUP Entry and Feed CP (%/h) Digest Arg His Ile Leu Lys Met Cys Phe Thr Trp Val TEAA Lys Met o. Feed ame/description Type % A B C of B % %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %CP %EAA %EAA 22 Silage Wet % DF (Amino acids from corn silage, immature) COTTO SEED 23 Whole seeds with lint, Conc heated (Amino acids from whole seeds with lint) CRAMBE (Crabme abyssinica) 24 Meal, solvent, dehulled Conc Meal, solvent, partly Conc hulled FABA BEAS 26 Seed, raw, cracked Conc (Amino acids from 1998 Swine RC) HEMP (Cannabis sativa L.) 27 Meal Conc LISEED (Flax) 28 Meal, expellers Conc (Amino acids from meal, solvent) LUPI 29 Seed, cracked, raw Conc Seed, extruded Conc (Amino acids from seed, cracked, raw) Silage, 45% DF Wet utrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle

23 MILK Conc Skim, dry powder PALM KEREL 33 Byproduct meal Conc PEAS 34 Field, raw Conc Field, extruded Conc (Amino acids from field, raw) POULTRY LITTER Conc RAPESEED 36 Meal, solvent Conc Meal, solvent, heated Conc (Amino acids from meal, solvent) RYE Conc Grain SORGHUM, GRAI TYPE 39 Grain, extruded Conc (Amino acids from grain, dry rolled) SUFLOWER 40 Meal, solvent, roasted Conc (CP and amino acids from meal, solvent) Silage Wet (Trp estimated) TRITICALE 42 Grain, ground Conc WHEAT 43 Distillers grains, dried Conc OTE: Amino acid values are courtesy of Degussa Corporation; exceptions are values for wheat distillers grains (Rhone-Poulenc Animal utrition). utrient Composition of Feeds 303

24 304 utrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle TABLE 15-3 Mineral Composition of Some Feedstuffs Commonly Fed to Dairy Cattle (all values on a dry basis) Inter- Entry national Ash Ca P Mg K a Cl S Co Cu I Fe Mn Se Zn Mo o. Feed ame/description Feed o. % % % % % % % % mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg ALFALFA Also see LEGUMES, FORAGE Medicago sativa 1 Meal, 17% CP ALMOD 2 Hulls APPLE 3 Pomace, wet BAKERY BYPRODUCT 4 Byproduct meal Bread, waste Cereal byproduct Cookie byproduct BARLEY 8 Grain, rolled Malt sprouts Silage, headed BEET, SUGAR 11 Pulp, dried BERMUDAGRASS Cynodon dactylon 12 Coastal, hay, early head Tifton-85, hay, 3-4 wk IF growth (Data from Coastal hay, adj. for ash) 2 BLOOD 14 Meal, ring dried Meal, batch dried (Composition data from ring-dried) BLUEGRASS See GRASSES, COOL SEASO Poa pratensis BREWERS GRAIS 16 Dried Wet BROME, SMOOTH See GRASSES, COOL SEASO Bromus inermis CAARYGRASS, REED See GRASSES, COOL SEASO Phalaris arundianacea CAOLA 18 Seed

25 utrient Composition of Feeds 305 TABLE 15-3 Inter- Entry national Ash Ca P Mg K a Cl S Co Cu I Fe Mn Se Zn Mo o. Feed ame/description Feed o. % % % % % % % % mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg 19 Meal, mech. extracted CHOCOLATE 20 Byproduct CITRUS 21 Pulp dried CLOVER, LADIO See LEGUMES, FORAGE Trifolium pratense CLOVER, RED See LEGUMES, FORAGE Trifolium pratense COR, YELLOW 22 Cobs Distillers grains with solubles, dried Gluten feed, dried Gluten meal, dried Grain, cracked, dry (Data from dry ground corn) 27 Grain, ground, dry Grain, steam-flaked (Data from dry ground corn) 29 Grain, rolled, high moisture (Data from ground high moisture corn) 30 Grain, ground, high moisture Grain and cob, dry, ground Grain and cob, high moisture Hominy Silage, immature % DM Silage, normal % DM Silage, mature % DM COTTO SEED 37 Whole seeds with lint

26 306 utrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle TABLE 15-3 Inter- Entry national Ash Ca P Mg K a Cl S Co Cu I Fe Mn Se Zn Mo o. Feed ame/description Feed o. % % % % % % % % mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg 38 Hulls Meal, solvent, 41% CP FATS AD OILS 40 Calcium soaps IF Hydrolyzed tallow fatty acids IF Partially hydrogenated tallow IF Tallow IF Vegetable oil FEATHERS 45 Meal Meal with some viscera FESCUE See GRASSES, COOL SEASO Festuca sp. FISH BYPRODUCTS 47 Anchovy, meal, mech Menhaden, meal, mech GRASSES, COOL SEASO 49 Pasture, intensively managed Hay, all samples Hay, immature % DF Hay, mid-maturity % DF Hay, mature % DF Silage, all samples Silage, immature % DF Silage, mid-maturity % DF

27 utrient Composition of Feeds 307 TABLE 15-3 Inter- Entry national Ash Ca P Mg K a Cl S Co Cu I Fe Mn Se Zn Mo o. Feed ame/description Feed o. % % % % % % % % mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg 57 Silage, mature % DF GRASS-LEGUME MIXTURES Predominantly Grass (17-22% Hemicellulose) 58 Hay, immature % DF Hay, mid maturity % DF Hay, mature % DF Silage, immature % DF Silage, mid-maturity % DF Silage, mature % DF Mixed Grass and Legume (12-15% Hemicellulose) 64 Hay, immature % DF Hay, mid-maturity % DF Hay, mature % DF Silage, immature % DF Silage, mid-maturity % DF Silage, mature % DF Predominantly Legume ( % Hemicellulose) 70 Hay, immature % DF Hay, mid-maturity % DF Hay, mature % DF Silage, immature % DF

28 308 utrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle TABLE 15-3 Inter- Entry national Ash Ca P Mg K a Cl S Co Cu I Fe Mn Se Zn Mo o. Feed ame/description Feed o. % % % % % % % % mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg 74 Silage, mid-maturity % DF Silage, mature % DF LEGUMES, FORAGE 76 Pasture, intensively managed Hay, all samples Hay, immature % DF Hay, mid-maturity % DF Hay, mature % DF Silage, all samples Silage, immature % DF Silage, mid-maturity % DF Silage, mature % DF LISEED (Flax) Meal, solvent MEAT 86 Meal, rendered Meat and bone, rendered MOLASSES 88 Beet sugar Sugarcane OATS 90 Grain, rolled Hay, headed Silage, headed ORCHARDGRASS see GRASSES, COOL SEASO Dactylis glomerata

29 utrient Composition of Feeds 309 TABLE 15-3 Inter- Entry national Ash Ca P Mg K a Cl S Co Cu I Fe Mn Se Zn Mo o. Feed ame/description Feed o. % % % % % % % % mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg PEAUT 93 Meal, solvent POTATO 94 Byproduct meal RICE 95 Bran RYE, AUAL 96 Silage, vegetative RYEGRASS see GRASSES, COOL SEASO Lolium sp. SAFFLOWER 97 Meal, solvent SORGHUM, GRAI TYPE 98 Grain, dry rolled Grain, steam-flaked (Data from dry-rolled sorghum) 100 Silage SORGHUM, SUDA TYPE 101 Hay Silage SOYBEA 103 Hulls Meal, expellers, % CP Meal, nonenzymatically browned Meal, solvent, 44% CP Meal, solvent, 48% CP Seeds, whole Seeds, whole roasted Silage, early maturity SUFLOWER 111 Meal, solvent Oil seeds, whole TIMOTHY See GRASSES, COOL SEASO Phleum pratense

30 310 utrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle TABLE 15-3 Inter- Entry national Ash Ca P Mg K a Cl S Co Cu I Fe Mn Se Zn Mo o. Feed ame/description Feed o. % % % % % % % % mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg TREFOIL, BIRDSFOOT See LEGUMES, FORAGE Lotus corniculatus TOMATO 113 Pomace TRITICALE 114 Silage, headed WHEAT 115 Bran Grain, rolled Hay, headed Middlings Silage, early head Straw WHEY 121 Wet, cattle

31 utrient Composition of Feeds 311 TABLE 15-4 Compositions of Inorganic Mineral Sources and Element Absorption Coefficients for Dairy Cattle on a 100% Dry Matter Basis Crude Protein Primary Absorption Coefficient International Equivalent (CPE) Mineral Element (AC) of Primary Mineral Element Source Feed o. a Dry Matter b % x 6.25 Content Element Calcium Sources (DM%) (CPE%) Ca (%) AC of Ca Bone meal, steamed, fg c Calcium carbonate, CaCO 3, fg d Calcium chloride anhydrous, CaCl 2,cp e,g A f Calcium chloride dihydrate, CaCl 2 2H 2 O, cp g A Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH) 2, cp A Calcium oxide, CaO, cp g A Calcium phosphate (monobasic), Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2, from defluorinated phosphoric acid, fg Calcium sulfate dihydrate, CaSO 4 2H 2 O, cp Curacao, phosphate, fg Dicalcium phosphate (dibasic), CaHPO 4, from defluorinated phosphoric acid, fg Dolomitic limestone (magnesium), fg Limestone, ground, fg Magnesium oxide, MgO, fg Oystershell, flour (ground), fg Phosphate, defluorinated, fg Phosphate rock, fg Phosphate rock, low-fluorine, fg Soft rock phosphate colloidal clay, fg Phosphorus Sources (DM%) (CPE%) P (%) AC of P Ammonium phosphate (dibasic), (H 4 ) 2 HPO 4,fg Ammonium phosphate (monobasic), (H 4 )H 2 PO 4,fg Bone meal, steamed, fg Calcium phosphate (monobasic), Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2, from defluorinated phosphoric acid, fg Curacao, phosphate, fg Dicalcium phosphate (dibasic), CaHPO 4, from defluorinated phosphoric acid, fg Phosphate, defluorinated, fg Phosphate rock, fg Phosphate rock, low-fluorine, fg Phosphoric acid, -H 3 PO 4,fg g-l Sodium phosphate (monobasic) monohydrate, ah 2 PO 4 H 2 O, fg Sodium tripolyphosphate (meta- and pyro phosphate) a 5 P 3 O 10,fg Soft rock phosphate, colloidal clay, fg Sodium Sources (DM%) (CPE%) a (%) AC of a Bone meal, steamed, fg Phosphate, defluorinated, fg Potassium chloride, KCl, fg Sodium bicarbonate, ahco 3, fg Sodium carbonate monohydrate, A a 2 CO 3 H 2 O, cp Sodium chloride, acl, fg Sodium phosphate (monobasic) monohydrate, ah 2 PO 4 H 2 O, fg Sodium selenate decahydrate, A a 2 SeO 4 10H 2 O, cp Sodium selenite, a 2 SeO 3, fg Sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate, A a 2 CO 3 ahco 3 2H 2 O, fg Sodium sulfate decahydrate, a 2 SO H 2 O, cp

32 312 utrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle TABLE 15-4 Crude Protein Primary Absorption Coefficient International Equivalent (CPE) Mineral Element (AC) of Primary Mineral Element Source Feed o. a Dry Matter b % x 6.25 Content Element Sodium Sources (DM%) (CPE%) a (%) AC of a Sodium tripolyphosphate(meta- and pyrophosphate, a 5 P 3 O 10, fg Chloride Sources (DM%) (CPE%) Cl (%) AC of Cl Ammonium chloride, cp A Calcium chloride anhydrous, CaCl 2,cp g A Calcium chloride dihydrate, CaCl 2 2H 2 O, cp g A Cobalt dichloride hexahydrate, CoCl 2 6H 2 O, cp A Cupric chloride dihydrate, CuCl 2 2H 2 O, cp A Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, MgCl 2 6H 2 O, cp A Manganese dichloride, MnCl 2, cp A Manganese chloride tetrahydrate, MnCl 2 4H 2 O, cp A Potassium chloride, KCl, fg Sodium chloride, acl, fg Zinc chloride, ZnCl 2, cp A Potassium Sources (DM%) (CPE%) K (%) AC of K Potassium bicarbonate, KHCO 3, cp Potassium carbonate, K 2 CO 3, cp A Potassium chloride, KCl, fg Potassium iodide, KI, fg Potassium sulfate, K 2 SO 4, fg Magnesium Sources (DM%) (CPE%) Mg (%) AC of Mg Dolomitic limestone (magnesium), fg Limestone, ground, fg Magnesium carbonate, MgCO 3 Mg(OH) 2, fg Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, MgCl 2 6H 2 O, cp A Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH) 2, cp A Magnesium oxide, MgO, fg Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, MgSO 4 7H 2 O, fg Sulfur Sources (DM%) (CPE%) S (%) AC of S Ammonium phosphate (dibasic), (H 4 ) 2 HPO 4, fg Ammonium phosphate (monobasic), (H 4 )H 2 PO 4, fg Ammonium sulfate, (H 4 ) 2 SO 4, fg Bone meal, steamed, fg Calcium phosphate (monobasic), Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2, from defluorinated phosphoric acid, fg Calcium sulfate, dihydrate CaSO 4 2H 2 O, fg Cupric sulfate pentahydrate, CuSO 4 5H 2 O Dicalcium phosphate (dibasic), CaHPO 4, from defluorinated phosphoric acid, fg Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, FeSO 4 7H 2 O, fg Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, MgSO 4 7H 2 O, fg A Manganese sulfate monohydrate, MnSO 4 H 2 O, cp A Manganese sulfate pentahydrate, MnSO 4 5H 2 O, cp A

33 TABLE 15-4 utrient Composition of Feeds 313 Crude Protein Primary Absorption Coefficient International Equivalent (CPE) Mineral Element (AC) of Primary Mineral Element Source Feed o. a Dry Matter b % x 6.25 Content Element Sulfur Sources (DM%) (CPE%) S (%) AC of S Phosphoric acid, -H 3 PO 4,fg g Potassium sulfate, K 2 SO 4, fg Sodium sulfate decahydrate, a 2 SO 4 10H 2 O, cp Zinc sulfate monohydrate, ZnSO 4 H 2 O, fg Cobalt Sources (DM%) (CPE%) Co (mg/kg) AC of CO Cobalt carbonate, CoCO 3, fg ,000 Cobalt carbonate hexahydrate, CoCO 3 6H 2 O, cp Cobalt dichloride hexahydrate, CoCl 2 A ,000 6H 2 O, cp A ,800 Copper (Cupric) Sources (DM%) (CPE%) Cu (mg/kg) AC of Cu Cupric chloride dihydrate, CuCl 2 2H 2 O, cp A , Cupric oxide, CuO, cp A , Cupric sulfate pentahydrate, CuSO 4 5H 2 O, cp , Iodine Sources (DM%) (CPE%) I (mg/kg) AC of I Ethylenediaminodihydroiodide (EDDI), fg , Potassium iodide, KI, fg , Iron Sources (DM%) (CPE%) Fe (mg/kg) AC of Fe Ammonium phosphate (dibasic), (H 4 ) 2 HPO 4, fg , Ammonium phosphate (monobasic), (H 4 )H 2 PO 4, fg , Bone meal, steamed, fg , Calcium phosphate (monobasic), Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2, from defluorinated phosphoric acid, fg , Dicalcium phosphate (dibasic), CaHPO 4, from defluorinated phosphoric acid, fg , Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, FeSO 4 7H 2 O, fg , Phosphate rock, fg , Phosphoric acid, -H 3 PO 4,fg g , Soft rock phosphate, colloidal clay, fg , Manganese (Manganous) Sources (DM%) (CPE%) Mn (mg/kg) AC of Mn Manganese carbonate, MnCO 3, cp , Manganese chloride, MnCl 2, cp A , Manganese chloride tetrahydrate, MnCl 2 4H 2 O, cp A , Manganese oxide, MnO, cp , Manganese sulfate monohydrate, MnSO 4 H 2 O, cp A , Manganese sulfate pentahydrate, Mn SO 4 5H 2 O, cp A , Selenium Sources (DM%) (CPE%) Se(mg/kg) Sodium selenate decahydrate, a 2 SeO 4 10H 2 O, cp A ,920 Sodium selenite, a 2 SeO 3, cp ,000 Zinc Sources (DM%) (CPE%) Zn (mg/kg) AC of Zn Zinc carbonate, ZnCO 3, cp A , Zinc chloride, ZnCl 2, cp A , Zinc oxide, ZnO, cp , Zinc sulfate monohydrate, ZnSO 4 H 2 O, fg ,

34 314 utrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle TABLE 15-4 Crude Protein Primary Absorption Coefficient International Equivalent (CPE) Mineral Element (AC) of Primary Mineral Element Source Feed o. a Dry Matter b % x 6.25 Content Element Fluorine Sources (DM%) (CPE%) Fl (mg/kg) Ammonium phosphate (dibasic), (H 4 ) 2 HPO 4, fg ,100 Ammonium phosphate (monobasic), (H 4 )H 2 PO 4, fg ,500 Calcium phosphate (monobasic), Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2, from defluorinated phosphoric acid, fg ,100 Curacao, phosphate, fg ,550 Dicalcium phosphate (dibasic), CaHPO 4, from defluorinated phosphoric acid, fg ,800 Phosphate, defluorinated, fg ,800 Phosphate rock, fg ,000 Phosphoric acid, H 3 PO 4,fg g ,100 Soft rock phosphate, colloidal clay, fg ,000 OTE: The compositions of hydrated mineral sources (e.g., CaSO 4 2H 2 O) are shown including the waters of hydration. Mineral element compositions of feedgrade sources vary by source, processing method, site of mining, and manufacturer. Sources should be analyzed or manufacturer s analyses should be used when available. Element composition of a source is listed if specific element concentration is 1.0% for macromineral elements, or 10,000 mg/ kg for micromineral elements, except for fluorine concentrations which are listed because of potential toxicity. a First digit denotes the class of feed: 1, dry forages and roughages; 2, pastured, range plants, and forages fed green; 3, silages; 4, energy feeds; 5, protein supplement; 6, minerals; 7, vitamins; 8, additives. The other five digits identify the individual feed. b Dry matter contents have been estimated for the sources; actual analysis will be more accurate. c fg Feed-grade source. d one present. e cp Chemically pure form. f A ot available. g Use caution when handling and mixing; can be extremely hazardous.