1. How to read your results: 2. Explanation of H or L FLAG.

Transcription

1 EXPLANATION OF YOUR TEST RESI]LTS 1. How to read your results: A value will be printed next to the test and the expected ranges will be printed after the test result. The expected range (Reference) is the range where in 94o/o of the population fails. EXAMPLE: TEST Glucose 2. Explanation of H or L FLAG. NORMAL 80 REFERENCE MG/DL H means that the result is above the normal reference level. L means that the result is below the normal reference ievel. In either case the patient should see hisftrer doctor so that the doctor can evaluate the test results. 3. Blood sugar and certain tests performed in Profile 1 (SMAC 30) may be slightly elevated if the patient did not fast overnight (at least 12 hours). If you have any questions, please call your physician.

2 SpEcrAL NOTE: Attoched is'the loborotory repori of your- fecenr blood iest. Tf ony of your test results ore indicoted with H (high) or L (low) or in rhe "out of ronge" column, it is recommended thot you visit your A^.D. for further evoluotion. A normol result does not necessorily meon thqt o diseose is nor pres nt. A complete onolysis of your condition con only be determined oy yo,;r rr{.0. TEST COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT WBC RBC RDW Hematocrit Hemoglobin Lym phocytes Monocytes MCH MCHC MCV Monocytes Neutrophils Platelets DESCRIPTION White blood cells are the body's primary defense against disease White blood cells help fight infection. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide to all cells. lron deficiency will lower RBC. Measures the volume of red cells.compared with the volume of fluid carrying plasma. lt is an indicator of the mass of red blood cells A chemical compound inside red cells that transports oxygen through the blood stream to allcells of the body. Oxygen is needed for healthy organs, Hemoglobin gives the red color to blood The results of this and basophils eosinophils, monocytes and neutrophils deal with white blood cell function lmportant to the body's defense against infection Also important in the assessment of nutritronal status The results of this and basophils eosinophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophils deal with white blood cell function lmportant to the body's defense against infection, Also imoortant in the assessment of nutrirional status. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin is one way to measure the average hemoglobin concentration within red blood cells which varies from normal with different diseases. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration Mean corpuscular volume measures red blood cell volume lmportant in the assessment of nutritional status \ The results of this and basophils, eosrnophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes deal with white blood cell function. lmportant to the body's defense against infection Also important in the assessment of nutritional status, Blood cell particles involved with the forming of blood clots LIVER FUNCTIONS Alanine aminotransferase (ALT or SGPT) an enzyme found prrmarily in the liver Abnormalities may reoresent liver disease Albumrn serum one of the major proteins rn the blood and a reflect on of the general state of nulrilron. Albumin/Globulin ratro Calculated by dtviding the albumin by the globultn Alkaline phosphatase A body protein important in diagnosing proper bone and lrver functions Aspartate aminotransferase (AST or SGOT) - an enzyme found in skeletal and heart muscle, liver and other organs Abnormalities may represent liver disease Bilirubin Total A chemical involved with liver functions. High concentrations may result in Jaunorce. Gamma Glutamyl transferase (GGTP) - an enzyme which can be an early indicator of liver abnormalities. lt is highly sensitive to recent ingestion of alcohol Globulin Total A major group of proteins in the blood comprising the infection fighting antibodies. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)- An enzyme found mostly in the heart, muscles, Iiver kidney, brain, and

3 Protein, Total red blood cells. Wl'ren an organ of the body is damaged, greater quantity into the blood stream. Main building block of tissues. Together with albumin, it state of nutrition in the bodv. LDH is released in is a measure of the KIDNEY PROFILE Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Creatrnine, Serum Uric acid A by-product of protein metabolism eliminated through the kidneys. BUN is an indicator of kidney function. An indrcator of kidney function. Another by-product of protein metabolism elrminated through the kidneys. Uric acid is an indicator of kidney function. Bun/Creatinine Ratio Calculated by dividing the BUN by the Creatinine. THYROID PANEL The thyroid gland synthesizes, stores and releases hormones. The hormones secreted are rodine containing amino acids, thyroxine (T4) and triiodo-thyronine (T3). The thyroid hormones influence a diversity of metabolic processes. These tests help to evaluate thyroid hormones which control the body's metabolic rate. Total T-4 (Thyroxine) T3 uptake Free-Thyroxine Index (FTl) TSH CARDIOVASCUI-AR FUNCTION Cholesterol, Total HDL-Cholesterol LDL-Cholesterol Cholesterol/HDL Ratio Triglycerides BONE AND MINERALS lron, Total lron Binding Capacity Magnesium Calcium Phosphorus FLUIDS & ELECTROLYTES Chloride, Serum Potassium Sodium, Serum A sterol in the blood. Knowing your cholesterol may be as important as knowing your blood pressure. Elevated cholesterol is associated with an increasing risk of coronary heart disease. High density lipoproteins are believed to take cholestdrol away from cells and transport it back to the liver for processing or removal. They have become known as the "good" cholesterol as persons with high levels of HDL may have less heart disease. Low HDL could be the result of smokrng and lack of exerctse. Low density lipoproteins contain the greatest percentage of cholesterol and may be responsible for depositing cholesterol on the artery walls. For that reason, they could be known as the "bad" cholesterol. Calculated by dividing the total cholesterol by the HDL. Ratio used by physicians in determining your relative risk for developing qardiovascular heart disease. Triglycerides is a fat in the blood responsible for providing energy to the cells of the body. Triglycerides should be less than 400 mg/dl even in a non-fasting state. An abnormally low test result may indicate iron deficiency anemia. Used to reflne the body's iron status; iron is important for proper metabolism of red blood cells. Can be used to assess nutritional status and diagnose calcium related d rso rd ers, A mineral essential for development and maintenance of healthy bones and teeth. lt is important also for the normal function of muscles, nerves and blood clotting. Togeither with calcium, it is essential for healthy development of bones and teeth. Associated with hormone imbalance, bone disease and kidney disease. lt is found mainly in bones and teeth. NOTE: a temporary drop in phosphorus level can be seen after a meal. Similar to sodrum, it helps to maintain the body's electrolyte balance. Helps to controlthe nerves and muscles. One of the majorsalts in the bodyfluid; sodium is imporlant in the body's water balance and the electrical activitv of nerves and muscles.

4 LDH, CK Triglyceride Serum Iron This enzyme can be increased in cases of muscle damage, including heart injury. It also can be elevated as a result of exercise. This tests for low molecular weight fats. This test for iron available for blood ce1l formation. Lipid Evaluation Cholesterol Triglyceride HDL LDL This test measures cholesterol, one of the major fats of the body. Thrs tests for low molecular weight fats. High Density Lipoprotein - "Good Cholesterol." Low Density Lipoprotein - "Bad Cholesterol." ChoVHDL Ratio This is an indicator of heart disease risk. PSA PSA (men only) Measures glycoprotein found in prostate tissue. PSA levels should Prostate-Specific be considered together with digital rectal exams and other clinical Antigen evidence before making conclusions regarding the presence or absence of malignancy. Elevated levels need to be evaluated by a physician. TSH Thyroid- Stimulating Hormone This test measures thyroid function. CBC Complete Blood Tests white cel1s, red cells, anemia or infection. Count hscrp High Sensitive A cardiac risk marker. Recent studies of healthy populations CRP have shown a graded association between hscrp levels and risk of heart attack and stroke. The June 28,200I issue of The New England Journal of Medicine inciudes an article discussing therapy as a result of an abnormal hscrp.

5 Sodium Potassium Chloride co2 BUN Creatinine BUN/Creat Ratio Glucose Calc Osmo Total Protein Albumin A/G Ratio Calcium Ionized Calcium PO4 Cholesterol Uric Acid Total Bilirubin Direct Bilirubin Indirect Bilirubin collectively known as electrolytes. Their functions are varied. They are important in blood pressure management. Very high or low levels of sodium and potassium can be serious. potassium levels are imponant in heart disease as weil as in persons taking diuretics (water pills). These tests monitor kidney functions. In kid.ney failure, BtrN and creatinine high leveis are common. This tests for diabetes and related conditions. This test measure body fluid balance. These tests measure protein concentrations and are indicators of general nutrition as well as kidney or liver disease. These tests measure ions that are important in bone metabolism as well as parathyroid function. This test measures cholesterol, one of the major fats of the body. This test measures uric acid, a by-product of animal protein metabolism. These tests measure a liver-produced pigment and are a measure of liver function. Alk. Phos' sgot, SGPT This enzyme measures bone and liver function, (Continued on back...)

6 WBC (White Blood Cell Count) RBC (Red Blood Cell Count) HGB (Hemoglobin) Hematocrit MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin White blood cell's main function is to fight infection. Red blood cell count in an important measurement in the determination of anemia. Serves as the vehicle for the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Determines the red blood cell mass by measuring space occupied by packed red blood cells. An index that expresses the volume occupied by a single red cell. A measure of the average weight of hemoglobin in the red blood cell. MCHC (Mean Corpus- A measure of the average concentration of hemoglobin in cular Hemoglobin) the red blood cells. RDW (Red cell distribution width concentration) Platelet An indication of the degree of the change in size of the red blood cells. This measurement is helpful in evaluating bleeding disorders- (Continued on back...)

7 DIFFERENTIAL OIFF) Differential Count SEGS (Segmented white cells) Differentiates the types of white blood cells and is expressed in percent. These white blood cells constitute a primary defense against microbial invasion LYMPHS (Lymphocytes) Small, motile cells that migrate to areas of inflammation. MONO (Monocytes) These cells are the body's second defense against infection. EOS (Eosinophiles) Cells that become active in the later stages of inflammation. BASO (Basophites) These cells are considered to be phagocytic and to contain heparin, histamine and serotonin.