Advancements in Electric Machines

Transcription

1 Jacek F. Gieras Advancements in Electric Machines With 235 Figures Springer

2 Contents 1 Introduction Why electric machines continue to naturally grow Status of electric motors A.c. motors Brushless PM motors Stepping motors Switched reluctance motors Servo motors Progress in electric machines technology Mechatronics Microelectromechanical systems Superconductivity Solid state converters Energy conservation Power quality Recyclable electric machines 24 2 Material engineering Laminated silicon steels High saturation ferromagnetic alloys Amorphous ferromagnetic materials Soft magnetic powder composites Permanent magnets Characteristics of PM materials Rare-earth permanent magnets Halbach array Wire insulation with heat activated adhesives High temperature materials High temperature ferromagnetic materials High temperature insulating materials and conductors Superconductors 50

3 VIII Contents Classification of HTS wires HTS wires manufactured by American Superconductors HTS wires manufactured by SuperPower Bulk superconductors Nanostructured materials Carbon nanotubes Soft magnetic nanocrystalline composites Magnetic shape memory materials 68 3 High power density machines Permanent magnet transverse flux motors Permanent magnet disc type motors Permanent magnet motors with concentrated non-overlapping coils Motors for refrigeration compressors Induction motors with cryogenic cooling system 79 4 High speed machines Requirements Microturbines Compressors Aircraft generators High speed multimegawatt generators Directed energy weapons Airborne radar Megawatt airborne generator cooling system Comparison of cooling techniques for high speed electric machines Induction machines with cage rotors Induction machines with solid rotors Other types of novel motors Written pole motor Piezoelectric motors Bearingless motors Slotless motors Coreless stator permanent magnet brushless motors Disc type coreless motors Cylindrical type motors with coreless stator winding Integrated starter generator Integrated electromechanical drives Induction motors with copper cage rotor 131

4 Contents IX 6 Electric motors for medical and clinical applications Electric motors and actuators Material requirements Control Implanted blood pumps Motorized catheters Plaque excision Capsule endoscopy Minimally invasive surgery Challenges Generators for portable power applications Miniature rotary generators Mini generators for soldiers at battlefields and unmanned vehicles Coreless stator disc type microgenerators Energy harvesting devices Superconducting electric machines Low speed HTS machines Applications Requirements HTS synchronous motor for ship propulsion rated at 5 MW Test facility for 5 MW motors HTS motor for ship propulsion rated 36.5 MW Superconducting synchronous generators Dynamic synchronous condenser HTS synchronous generators developed by Siemens Japanese HTS machines Bulk HTS machines HTS synchronous generator built in Russia HTS d.c. homopolar generator High speed HTS generators First prototype of high speed superconducting generators Homopolar generators with stationary superconducting winding Design of HTS rotors for synchronous generators Market readiness Naval electric machines Background Power train of electric ships Propulsion units 218

5 X Contents Shaft propulsion Azimuth thrusters Pod propulsors Integrated motor-propeller Generators for naval applications Electric motors for naval applications Large induction motors Large wound rotor synchronous motors Large PM motors Axial flux disc type PM brushless motors Transverse flux motors IMP motors Superconducting motors Scenario for nearest future Computer hardware Hard disc drive motors Cooling fan motors Residential and public applications Residential applications Public life applications Automotive applications Land, sea and air transportation Hybrid electric and electric vehicles Marine propulsion Electric aircraft Future trends 251 Abbreviations 255 References 259 Index 271