Characterization of Fertility and Pollen Abortion of Sorghum Sterile Line Ji 130A under Different Temperature Conditions

Transcription

1 Journal of Plant Genetic Resources 130A 芃 A 130B 8 130A 130A % % 26 40% 130A 130A Characterization of Fertility and Pollen Abortion of Sorghum Sterile Line Ji 130A under Different Temperature Conditions MA Xiao-di 1 WANG Jian-shu 1 LU Yan-qi 1 LI Su-ying 2 LIU Guo-qing 2 HOU Sheng-lin 2 LV Peng 2 JI Gui-su 2 DU Rui-heng 2 1 Hebei University of Engineering Handan Millet Crops Institute Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Shijiazhuang Abstract A new male sterile line Ji 130A was developed after backcrossing Hui 18A with an aphid-resistance parental line 130B for 8 generations. It was discovered that temperature affects sterility of Ji 130A. In order to understand the effect of temperature to sterility of Ji 130A confirm critical temperature for the hybrid production the Ji 130 was sown on different dates in different growing sites and various temperature conditions at key growing stages were applied. The results showed that Ji 130A was completely sterile when the mean temperature was below 23 during period from flag leaf to heading but fertile pollen appeared when temperature was above 23. Its selfing rate could reach 30% with variation among individual plant when temperature was over 26. The development of its anther and pollen under various temperature conditions was characterized by using paraffin sectioning and microphotography. The results showed that under low temperature conditions the tapetal cells appeared obvious deformity including vacuolation radial expansion and delayed degradation. The sporegenous cell or pollen mother cell of early abortive anther disintegrated earlier than normal and no mononuclear pollen developed. When the mean temperature was over 26 during period from flag leaf to heading mononuclear pollen developed with deformity but some about 40% were normal and could CARS maxiaodi@ hebeu. edu. cn rhdu@ hotmail. com

2 2 130A 213 be released from anther. Low temperature causes tapetal cells abnormal which may be the main reason causing pollen abortion. Ji 130A was identified and developed it diversifies the cytoplasm and nuclear genetic base of sorghum hybrids and is beneficial to the commercial hybrid breeding programs. Ji 130A can be as a new germplasm to research the pollen abortion mechanism the research on the characteristics of fertility alteration lays a foundation to select the region and sowing time for hybrid production. Key words Sorghum Thermosensitivity Male-sterility Pollen Abortion Isao S-1 S A1 18A B A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 9E A1 3 A1 A2 A6 A3 A4 9E 1. 1 A1 A2 18A 130B 18A 16B 1211B 16A 16A 1 A1 130B 1971 Downes C /13 C / 130A 18A 130B Brooking A A 130B cm6 ~ 130B d Osuna-Ortega % 100% A1 A2 70% ~ 95% 40

3 A / / % 31g g = / / d d m 100% 100% 15 ~ % 100% 130A 100 ~ 500 2m 15 ~ A1 130A 32 ~ F 1 23 ~ ~ A F 1 F ~ A cm 3 130A A A 7d A Table 1 Fertility change of Ji 130A sowing dates with different Place Sowing date 24h 70% 5μm - Olympus 2 = 130A 140cm 1. 2cm 30cm 120d 70% ~ 98% Temperature in the period % % of flag leaf extending Sterility Sterile plant rate rate ~ ~ ~ ~

4 2 130A d A ~ 24 1 /2 130A 7d 100% Table 2 Place 130A Fertility change of Ji 130A in different growing places Temperature in the period % % of flag leaf extending Sowing date Sterility Sterile rate plant rate ~ ~ ~ ~ stage % ~ 80% % ~ 100% Downes Ⅰ ~ d Ⅰ 2 ~ 4 100% Ⅰ 2 80% 130A 40% Ⅰ 5 130A ~ % 100% % 1 /2 8% 90% 130A 130A 7d Brooking Table 3 130A 2009 Growing Fertility change of Ji 130A treated with different temperatures at different growing stage 2009 Temperature % rate 1 23 Ⅰ 7 Sterility % Temperature Sterility rate 1/ / Ⅰ 6

5 Plate Ⅰ Ⅰ The development of anther 1 ~ ~ ~ Anther under high temperature conditions. 1 pollen sac and connective tapetum and mononuclear pollen grain tapetum and pollen grain which began to break up tapetum and pollen grain which are both breaking up normal pollen grain Anther under low temperature conditions. 6 pollen sac and connective tapetum with serious vacuolation and radial enlargement pollen grain with thin cytoplasm tapetum and pollen grain which are both breaking up tapetum and pollen grain which have both broken up Early abortive anther under low temperature condition. 10 pollen sac and connective earlier pollen sac pollen sac with broken middle layer tapetum and sporegenous cell pollen sac which began to crimple crimpy pollen sac seriously crimpy pollen sac and connective 160

6 2 130A 217 Ⅰ 8 ~ 9 130A TX623 Ⅰ 7 ~ 8 130B Ⅰ 9 F 1 130B A1 130B Brooking S21 S-1 Ⅰ Ⅰ 12 ~ A Ⅰ A 100% 3 S A1 130A 1 ~ 2 A A Isao 16 MS Tx Sane 18A A B ATP Broo F 1 2 king 5 18A 130B ATP

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