Genetic approaches for mobilizing gene bank variation. Prashant Vikram CRP Wheat Representative CIMMYT

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1 Genetic approaches for mobilizing gene bank variation Prashant Vikram CRP Wheat Representative CIMMYT

2 Why we need gene bank? Rht1 & 2: Japanese dwarf landrace wheat Daruma Rht 8 : Japanese landrace Akakomugi Utilizing gene bank biodiversity could be one way to enhance productivity of wheat

3 Mobilizing Resource: The Road Map 1. WHEAT GENE BANK 2. DEVELOPING RESOURCE 4. MOVING TO NARS BREEDING PIPELINES 3. UTILIZING RESOURCE: PRE-BREEDING Generation advancement Strategic Crossing Field evaluation

4 Genetic and Genomic Resource

5 Genetic Resource: Evaluation for heat tolerance 70,000 wheat accessions screened for heat stress tolerance Impact of heat on wheat ~ 10% yield loss per 1 o C increase in temperature By 2050, 20-30% yield loss in South Asia alone, affecting over 1 billion people Panel of heat and drought tolerant landraces

6 Genetic Resource: Evaluation for Rust Resistance YR Resistant Landraces Research on wheat rust during added to world wheat harvests worth US $1.12 billion per year (at 2010 prices) Science, 340: (2013) Panel of landraces for yellow rust resistance

7 Number of genotypes Genetic Resource: Evaluation for Zinc content Evaluated ~15,000 wheat landraces for quality traits Wheat landrace evaluation for high zinc content Panel of landraces for high Zinc Grain zinc concentration (ppm)

8 Genomic Resource: Segregation distortion on 6B Genomic associations identified for rust resistance and yield in three populations

9 Genomic Resource: Rust Resistance Bi-parental mapping for rust resistance using GBS H.Li- P.Vikram equal contribution et al BMC Genomics Association mapping for rust resistance using GBS Vikram et al. Unpublished

10 The Mexican Landrace Story

11 Mexican Landrace Story: Diversity Analysis Cluster 2 Cluster 6 NORTH CENTRAL T.ASTIEVUM S.CEREALE Cluster 1 Cluster 5 Cluster 3 Cluster 4 SOUTH T.DURUM Cluster 1: Majority of landraces in this group are from central Mexico Cluster 2: Majority of landraces in this group are from Northern Mexico Cluster 3: Majority of landraces in this group are from southern Mexico and are T. durum Cluster 4: Genetic group with accessions from different origin and species Cluster 5: Group specific to Michoacán Cluster 6: Group of Secale cereale only Diversity Profiling of 8000 Mexican Landraces

12 Mexican Landrace Story: The Rare Alleles Unique rare alleles in Mexican Landraces

13 Mexican Landrace Story: Core Set GBS data PCA + Phenotypic variables Hierarchical Multiple Factor Analysis 6 principal axes (75% geno; 25% pheno) 29 groups in Iranian LR 21 groups in Mexican LR Stratified random sampling using D-method Measured diversity by Gower s distance Landrace core set distributed to South Asia, Africa, Mexico & USA Selected core subsets

14 -Log (p) Mexican Landrace Story: GWAS for Heat Tolerance Grain yield under heat stress Chromosomes

15 Mexican Landrace Story Gene bank to Breeding Pipeline (A) Diversity analysis (B) Core set development Phenotype (Heat, Drought, Quality, Irrigated) Michoacán: Rare allele hot spot GBS profiling (20K SNPs) 8000 Mexican landraces (E) Use in pre-breeding (D) Trait donor identification Heat, Drought, Diseases, Quality (C) Core set evaluation Unique and large scale efforts made to move useful wheat gene bank diversity to the NARS breeding pipelines

16 Wheat Pre-Breeding

17 Wheat CIMMYT 1000 Linked top cross populations 8,000 advanced lines selected under heat, drought and diseases Multi-location evaluation is in progress Genetic populations available for accelerating gene discovery Exotics = Landraces, Synthetics Elites = CIMMYT s best BW lines Pre Breeding product

18 NARS CIMMYT CIMMYT The Delivery Path Exotics synthetics, landraces, FIGS x Elite Segregating population Obregon Toluca El Batan H, D, Yield Rusts, plant type Diseases, input use Selection Screening in target environments - Mexico, South Asia, Africa Breeding / varietal pipelines FARMERS

19 We acknowledge all researchers at CIMMYT or elsewhere who have contributed directly or indirectly to this project GRP Kevin Pixley Director GRP Sukhwinder-Singh SeeD Wheat Lead Carolina Sansaloni Carolina Saint-Pierre Kate Dreher BSU: Juan, J. Crossa, H. Li GWP Hans Braun Director GWP Ravi Singh: Germplasm enhancement Tom Payne: wheat genebank Matthew Reynolds: heat/drought Pawan Singh: Diseases Javier Peña: Quality Deepmala: Molecular biology Ivan Ortíz-Monasterio: P efficiency CIMMYT & Mexican Partners

20 gracias! ত ম ক ধন যব দ 감사합니다 takk با تشکر از شما kiitos danke धन यव द na-ekele unu dank u Thank YOU for Your Support teşekkür ederim obrigado ありがとう 謝 謝 tak спасибо merci salamat ขอขอบค ณค ณ شكرا grazie આભ ર آپ کا شکریہ dankie tack