SHORT CHRONOLOGY OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE. 1585: First settlement in Virginia (America) 1600: Charter issued to East Indian Company

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1 SHORT CHRONOLOGY OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE 1585: First settlement in Virginia (America) 1600: Charter issued to East Indian Company : Settlements in the Caribbean 1698: Slave trade opened to private traders 1756/57: English victories against Indian princes and drive French out : Loss of colonies in America 1784: Indian Act passed, giving London limited control 1787: Sierra Leone established as a colony for freed slaves 1788: New South Wales established 1795: British capture of Cape of Good Hope 1798: United Irishmen rebellion in Ireland 1801: Union of Great Britain and Ireland 1807: Abolition of the slave trade 1815: British take control of Cape Colony 1829: Sutee (widow-burning) abolished in Bengal 1833: Emancipation Act-abolition of slavery in the colonies 1834: Boer trek to the north of the Orange River 1838: Invasion of Afghanistan 1839: Boers set up settlement in Natal; seizure of Aden 1841: New Zealand recognised as colony 1842: Retreat from Afghanistan 1843: Annexation of Natal, annexation of Sind : First Sikh War : Irish Great Famine : Second Sikh War

2 1849: Annexation of the Punjab; start of British infiltration into Nigeria 1852: Self-government for New Zealand 1853: Annexation of Lower Burma 1854: Establishment of Orange Free State 1856: Annexation of Oudh 1857/58: Indian Mutiny 1866/67: Fenian activity, attack on Canada, Fenian terrorism in Britain, failed uprising in Ireland 1867: Federation of Dominion of Canada established 1868: British expedition against Abyssinia 1869: Opening of Suez Canal 1871: Annexation of Kimberley diamond fields 1872: Cape Colony granted self-government 1875: British purchase of Suez Canal shares 1876: Victoria becomes Empress of India 1878: Britain acquires Cyprus at Berlin Congress : Second Afghan War 1879: Zulu War 1881: Defeat of Britain in first Boer War; Land War in Ireland 1882: Maxim machine-gun invented; occupation of Sudan 1884: British Somaliland acquired 1885: Death of General Gordon at Khartoum; foundation of Indian National Congress 1886: Irish Home Rule rejected by Westminster; discovery of gold in Transvaal 1887: Baluchistan incorporated into India 1888: Royal charter for British South Africa Company 1889: Rhodesia conquered

3 1890: Uganda protectorate established; British East Africa (Kenya) formed; Cecil Rhodes becomes Cape Prime Minister 1893: Irish Home Rule again rejected by Westminster 1894: Northern Rhodesia created 1898: Conquest of Sudan : Second Boer War 1900: Annexation of Orange Free State and Transvaal 1900: Protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria 1906: Muslim League formed 1910: Union of South Africa established 1912: Initiation of Irish Home Rule Bill 1914: Outbreak of World War One 1916: Easter Rising in Dublin 1918: Armistice; election in Britain, Sinn Fein wins majority of Irish seats at December General Election 1919: Establishment of independent Irish parliament (Dail), start of guerrilla warfare in Ireland; Amritsar massacre 1920: Government of Ireland Act establishes Northern Ireland administration 1920: Britain granted mandates for Palestine and Iraq 1921: Truce in Anglo-Irish War; Anglo-Irish Treaty 1922/23: Treaty settlement accepted by Irish Dail; Irish Civil War; formation of the Irish Free State 1922: semi-independence for Egypt 1923: Devonshire declaration that Kenya is African territory. 1930/31: Civil disobedience campaign in India; Statute of Westminster 1932: independence of Iraq 1932/33: In Ireland abolition of Oath of Allegiance and office of Governor-General 1932/34: civil disobedience in India

4 1935: Government of India Act; Italian invasion of Abyssinia 1936: Arab revolt in Palestine; Irish External Relations Act 1937: First elections in India under new legislation; Japanese invasion of China; Aden becomes a Crown Colony; new Irish Constitution passed in referendum 1938: Return of the Treaty ports to Ireland 1939: Second World War; Congress provincial governments in India resign 1941: Atlantic Charter 1942: Fall of Singapore to Japanese 1943: Famine in Bengal 1945: End of Second World War 1947: independence of India and Pakistan 1948: Apartheid in South Africa; British withdrawal from Palestine : Communist insurgency in Malaya 1949: Ireland declares Republic and withdraws from Commonwealth : Mau-Mau rebellion 1955: Cypriots began to fight British for union with Greece 1956: Suez Canal crisis 1957: Ghana and Malaya independent 1960: Nigeria independent 1961: Sierra Leone and Tanzania independent; South Africa leaves the Commonwealth 1962: Jamaica, Trinidad, Uganda independent 1963: Kenya and Zanzibar independent 1964: Malawi and Zambia independent 1965: Gambia, Lesotho and Cook Islands independent; UDI in Southern Rhodesia 1966: Guyana, Barbados, Botswana independent 1967: Withdrawal from Aden

5 1970: Fiji independent 1980: Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia) independent 1997: Hong Kong returned to China

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