Physics/Additional Science Unit P2: Physics for Your Future

Transcription

1 Write your name here Surname Other names Edexcel GCSE Centre Candidate Physics/Additional Science Unit P2: Physics for Your Future Additional Sample Assessment Material Time: 1 hour You must have: Calculator, ruler Higher Tier Paper Reference 5PH2H/01 Total Marks Instructions Use black ink or ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, centre number and candidate number. Answer all questions. Answer the questions in the spaces provided there may be more space than you need. Information The total mark for this paper is 60. The marks for each question are shown in brackets use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your written communication will be assessed you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as well as the clarity of expression, on these questions. Advice Read each question carefully before you start to answer it. Keep an eye on the time. Try to answer every question. Check your answers if you have time at the end. S39597A 2011 Edexcel Limited. 6/8/8/2/ *S39597A0116* Turn over

2 FORMULAE You may find the following formulae useful charge = current time potential difference = current resistance electrical power = current potential difference energy transferred = current potential difference time speed = distance time Q = I t V = I R P = I V E = I V t P = m v acceleration = change in velocity time taken ( v u) a = t force = mass acceleration weight = mass gravitational field strength momentum = mass velocity F = m a W = m g P = m v force = change in momentum time ( mv mu) F = t work done = force distance moved in the direction of the force E = F d power = work done time taken E P = t gravitational potential energy = mass gravitational field strength vertical height GPE = m g h kinetic energy = ½ mass velocity 2 KE = ½ m v 2 2 *S39597A0216*

3 Answer ALL questions Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box. If you change your mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross. Forces and motion 1 The graph shows a velocity-time graph for a cyclist over a time of 60 s. 18 velocity / m/s time / s (a) (i) When is the cyclist travelling with greatest velocity? Put a cross ( A for the first 15 seconds ) in the box next to your answer. B between 15 and 40 seconds C between 40 and 50 seconds D for the last 10 seconds (ii) Calculate how long the cyclist is stationary for. answer =... seconds *S39597A0316* 3 Turn over

4 (b) The cyclist in this picture is travelling at a constant velocity. Her muscles produce a driving force of 15 N. 15 N Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the size and direction of the overall resistive force acting on the cyclist. (c) The cyclist accelerates at 1.4 m/s 2. The mass of the cyclist and bicycle is 60 kg. (i) Calculate the resultant force. (2) resultant force =... N (ii) The cyclist accelerates for 8 s. Calculate the increase in velocity during this time. (3) increase in velocity =... m/s (Total for Question 1 = 8 marks) 4 *S39597A0416*

5 Using static electricity 2 Waste gases contain smoke particles. The diagram shows how smoke particles can be removed from waste gases as they rise through a chimney. chimney wall clean waste gas metal plates V power supply collecting tray metal grid waste gases and smoke particles (a) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. When the smoke particles go through the metal grid they become negatively charged. This is because they A gain electrons B gain protons C lose electrons D lose protons *S39597A0516* 5 Turn over

6 (b) When the negatively charged smoke particles move up the chimney, they are attracted to the metal plates. (i) State why the metal plates attract the smoke particles. (ii) State what happens to the charge on the smoke particles when they reach the metal plate. (c) There is a current of 1.4 A between the grid and the plates. (i) Calculate the charge transferred by this current in two minutes. State the unit. (3) charge =... unit... (ii) The potential difference between the grid and the plate is 400 V. Calculate the electrical energy transferred in two minutes. (2) energy transferred =... joules (Total for Question 2 = 8 marks) 6 *S39597A0616*

7 Using electric current 3 (a) The photograph shows a device used to measure the amount of light. The circuit diagram shows how the components inside this device are connected. 9 V... meter LDR (i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. The meter used in this circuit is A a voltmeter connected in series with the LDR B a voltmeter connected in parallel with the LDR C an ammeter connected in series with the LDR D an ammeter connected in parallel with the LDR *S39597A0716* 7 Turn over

8 (ii) The amount of light entering the light-dependent resistor (LDR) increases. Which row of the table correctly describes the change in the resistance of the LDR and the change in the current in the circuit? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. resistance of the LDR current in circuit A increases decreases B increases increases C decreases decreases D decreases increases (iii) The device is used as a light meter. It has a 9 V battery. Calculate the current when the resistance of the LDR is 600 Ω. (3) current =... A (iv) When the light meter has been used for a long time, the meter reading becomes incorrect. Suggest what has happened. (2) 8 *S39597A0816*

9 (b) A different light meter has a diode in its circuit. 9 V... meter LDR (i) Explain what happens when the battery is reversed. (2) (ii) Suggest why the manufacturer of the light meter has included a diode. (Total for Question 3 = 10 marks) *S39597A0916* 9 Turn over

10 Radioactivity, its uses and problems 4 (a) Radioactivity is used in medicine to diagnose and treat cancer. State two other uses of radioactivity. (2) (b) Which of these is the correct definition for the half-life of a radioactive isotope? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. A it is the time it takes for half of an atom to decay B it is the number of atoms left when half have decayed C it is the time taken for half the undecayed nuclei to decay D it is half of the time it takes for all the undecayed nuclei to decay (c) (i) Iodine-131 emits beta particles. State what a beta particle is. 10 *S39597A01016*

11 (ii) The graph shows how the activity of iodine-131 varies with time activity / Bq time / days A sample of iodine-131 has a mass of 100 mg. How much iodine-131 will remain after 24 days? (3) mass of iodine-131 =... mg *S39597A01116* 11 Turn over

12 (d) Scientists in Finland are building a facility for the storage of radioactive waste. They plan to bury radioactive waste deep underground. Describe some of the issues that need to be considered when planning to bury nuclear waste. (3) (Total for Question 4 = 10 marks) 12 *S39597A01216*

13 Momentum, energy and forces 5 A box with a mass of 0.8 kg is lifted from the floor and placed on a shelf. The shelf is 1.8 m above the floor. 0.8 kg 1.8 m (a) (i) The box has gained gravitational potential energy. Calculate the gain in gravitational potential energy. Gravitational field strength = 10 N/kg (2) (ii) The box falls off the shelf. gain in gravitational potential energy =... J State the kinetic energy of the box just before it hits the floor.... J *S39597A01316* 13 Turn over

14 (iii) Just before the box hits the floor it has a momentum of 4.8 kg m/s. Calculate the velocity of the box just before it hits the floor. (3) velocity =... m/s *(b) The items in the box are packed in bubble wrap to protect them from damage. Explain, by considering changes either in momentum or in kinetic energy, how bubble wrap protects the items in a box from damage caused by a fall. (6) (Total for Question 5 = 12 marks) 14 *S39597A01416*

15 Nuclear reactions 6 (a) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. Two types of nuclear reaction are nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reactions both A combine hydrogen nuclei B C D combine uranium nuclei release neutrons release energy (b) In 1989, two scientists called Pons and Fleischmann claimed to have produced cold fusion. Their claim has never been validated by the scientific community. Explain the phrase validated by the scientific community. (2) (c) Nuclear fusion is the main energy source for stars. Describe what happens in nuclear fusion. (3) *S39597A01516* 15 Turn over

16 *(d) Describe how the nuclear fission of uranium-235 is used to produce electricity in a nuclear power station. (6) (Total for Question 6 = 12 marks) total for paper = 60 marks 16 *S39597A01616*

17 Additional Sample Mark Scheme GCSE Science 2011 GCSE GCSE Physics (5PH2H/01) Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH

18 General Marking Guidance All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last. Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions. Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie. There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately. All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme. For questions worth more than one mark, the answer column shows how partial credit can be allocated. This has been done by the inclusion of part marks eg. Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited. When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidate s response, the team leader must be consulted. Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response. Quality of Written Communication Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to: Write legibly, with accurate spelling, grammar and punctuation in order to make the meaning clear Select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to complex subject matter Organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when appropriate. Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities. Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the mark scheme, but this does not preclude others. 5PH2H/01 Additional Sample Mark scheme

19 General Information The following symbols are used in the mark schemes for all questions: eq / oblique Symbol Meaning of symbol Indicates that credit should be given for other correct alternatives to a word or statement Words or phrases separated by an oblique are alternatives to each other { } curly brackets ( ) round brackets Indicate the beginning and end of a list of alternatives (separated by obliques) where necessary to avoid confusion Words inside round brackets are to aid understanding of the marking point but are not required to award the point 5PH2H/01 Additional Sample Mark scheme

20 Question 1(a)(i) B Question 1(a)(ii) Question 1(b) 10 (s) horizontal arrow, same length as driving force, pointing to the left horizontal arrow, labelled 15 N, pointing to the left Question 1(c)(i) substitution 60 x 1.4 evaluation = 84 (N) give full marks for correct answer, no working (2) Question 1(c)(ii) Substitution 1.4 = velocity change/ 8 allow substitution and transposition in either order transposition velocity change = 1.4 x 8 evaluation = 11.2 (m/s) give full marks for correct answer, no working (3) 5PH2H/01 Additional Sample Mark scheme

21 Question 2(a) A Question 2(b)(i) Any one from the following points positive and negative charges attract plates are positive Question 2(b)(ii) smoke particles {lose their charge / become neutral} Question 2(c)(i) substitution 1.4 x 60 x 2 give full marks for correct answer evaluation = 168 with correct unit, no working unit coulombs / C (3) Question 2(c)(ii) substitution 1.4 x 400 x 60 x 2 evaluation (J) give full marks for correct answer, no working (2) 5PH2H/01 Additional Sample Mark scheme

22 Question 3(a)(i) C Question 3(a)(ii) D Question 3(a)(iii) substitution 9 = I x 600 allow substitution and transposition in either order transposition I = 9/600 evaluation = (A) OR =15 ma give full marks for correct answer, no working (3) Question 3(a)(iv) An explanation linking the following battery voltage has decreased (so) less current (than expected) (2) Question 3(b)(i) An explanation linking the following points stops working (because) diode will only conduct in one direction (2) Question 3(b)(ii) so that the meter connections are the correct way round / eq will prevent damage if battery is (accidentally) connected the wrong way round 5PH2H/01 Additional Sample Mark scheme

23 Question 4(a) Any two from the following points smoke alarms irradiating food credit any specific examples but must be from two different areas for 2 marks dating (e.g. radiocarbon) sterilisation of equipment tracing and gauging thickness (2) Question 4(b) C Question 4(c)(i) Answer (fast moving) electron Mark Question 4(c)(ii) half life = 8 days 24 days = 3 half lives 12.5 (mg) bald 3 half lives for 2 marks give full marks for correct answer, no working (3) 5PH2H/01 Additional Sample Mark scheme

24 Question 4(d) A description including three of the following points the long time taken for decay (of long-lived radionuclides) water causing corrosion / leaks idea of planning for conditions hundreds /thousands of years from now transportation of radioactive material need for geologically stable rock formation public perception of waste security from terrorist activity public do not want waste buried near where they live (so limitation on available sites) (3) 5PH2H/01 Additional Sample Mark scheme

25 Question 5(a)(i) substitution 0.8 x 10 x 1.8 evaluation 14.4 (J) give full marks for correct answer, no working (2) Question 5(a)(ii) 14.4 (J) e.c.f from part (i) Question 5(a)(iii) substitution 4.8 = 0.8 x v allow substitution and transposition in either order transposition v = 4.8/0.8 evaluation 6 (m/s) give full marks for correct answer, no working (3) 5PH2H/01 Additional Sample Mark scheme

26 Question Indicative content QWC *5(b) An explanation linking some of the following points Mark Either momentum item must lose momentum in order to come to rest force of impact depends on rate of change of momentum if item is dropped from greater height then velocity at impact is greater so momentum to be lost is greater bubble wrap works by increasing the time taken for the item to come to rest reduces the rate of change of momentum this reduces the force of impact to a safe value Or kinetic energy item must lose kinetic energy in order to come to rest force of impact depends on work done if item is dropped from greater height then velocity at impact is greater so kinetic energy to be lost is greater loss of kinetic energy equals work done bringing item to rest bubble wrap works by increasing the distance travelled for the item to come to rest this reduces the force of impact to a safe value (6) Level 0 No rewardable material a limited explanation of the cushioning effect e.g. bubble wrap reduces the force of impact the answer communicates ideas using simple language and uses limited scientific terminology spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with limited accuracy some explanation linking cushioning effect with either increased time of impact or increased distance of impact e.g. bubble wrap reduces the force of impact by increasing the time of impact the answer communicates ideas showing some evidence of clarity and organisation and uses scientific terminology appropriately spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with some accuracy a detailed explanation linking either force with rate of change in momentum or energy with work done and distance e.g. the bubble wrap increases the time of impact which reduces the rate of change of momentum which reduces the force of impact the answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses a range of scientific terminology accurately spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with few errors 5PH2H/01 Additional Sample Mark scheme

27 Question 6(a) Question 6(b) D An explanation linking the following points idea that the procedure has been checked to confirm consistent results (by) other reputable {scientists /organisations / peers} (2) Question 6(c) A description including three of the following points {hydrogen / small} nuclei join or fuse to form { helium / larger} nuclei energy is released (3) 5PH2H/01 Additional Sample Mark scheme

28 Question Indicative content QWC *6(d) A description including some of the following stages Mark Fission absorption of slow moving / thermal neutron by U-235 to produce daughter nuclei, two or more neutrons and relatively large amount of energy (200 MeV) Controlled chain reaction use of moderators to produce thermal neutrons use of control rods to capture neutrons idea of keeping number of further fissions to just over one per fission reaction Energy transfer (kinetic) energy (of fission products) is converted to thermal energy use of coolant to transfer the thermal energy (from the reactor vessel to a heat exchanger) to produce steam use of steam to drive a turbine use of turbine to {drive a generator / produce electricity} (6) Level 0 No rewardable material a limited description e.g. heat from the reactor makes steam for the turbine the answer communicates ideas using simple language and uses limited scientific terminology spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with limited accuracy some description including some points from all three stages or most points from any two stages the answer communicates ideas showing some evidence of clarity and organisation and uses scientific terminology appropriately spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with some accuracy a detailed description including most points from all three stages: fission, controlled chain reaction and energy transfer the answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses a range of scientific terminology accurately spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with few errors 5PH2H/01 Additional Sample Mark scheme