Conducted and Wireless Media
|
|
- Claud Walters
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Fundamentals of Networking and Data Communications, Sixth Edition 3-1 Conducted and Wireless Media Chapter 3 Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, students should be able to: Outline the characteristics of twisted pair wire, including the advantages and disadvantages Outline the differences among Category 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5e, 6, and 7 twisted pair wire Explain when shielded twisted pair wire works better than unshielded twisted pair wire Outline the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable Outline the characteristics of terrestrial microwave systems, including the advantages and disadvantages Outline the characteristics of satellite microwave systems, including the advantages and disadvantages as well as the differences among low-earth-orbit, middle-earth-orbit, geosynchronous orbit, and highly elliptical Earth orbit satellites Describe the basics of cellular telephones, including all the current generations of cellular systems Outline the characteristics of short-range transmissions, including Bluetooth Describe the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of broadband wireless systems and various wireless local area network transmission techniques Apply the media selection criteria of cost, speed, right-of-way, expandability and distance, environment, and security to various media in a particular application Chapter Outline 1. Introduction 2. Conducted Media a. Twisted pair wire b. Coaxial cable c. Fiber-optic cable
2 Fundamentals of Networking and Data Communications, Sixth Edition Wireless Media a. Terrestrial microwave transmission b. Satellite microwave transmission c. Cellular telephones d. Infrared transmissions e. Broadband wireless systems f. Bluetooth g. Wireless local area networks h. Free space optics and ultra-wideband i. ZigBee 4. Media Selection Criteria a. Cost b. Speed c. Expandability and distance d. Environment e. Security 5. Conducted Media in Action: Two Examples 6. Wireless Media in Action: Three Examples 7. Summary Lecture Notes Introduction All communications media can be divided into two categories: physical or conducted media, such as wires, and radiated or wireless media, which use radio waves. Conducted media include twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable. In wireless transmission, various types of electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, are used to transmit signals. This chapter examines seven basic groups of wireless media used for the transfer of data: terrestrial microwave transmissions, satellite transmissions, cellular radio systems, personal communication systems, pagers, infrared transmissions, and multichannel multipoint distribution service.
3 Fundamentals of Networking and Data Communications, Sixth Edition 3-3 Conducted Media Twisted pair wire The oldest, simplest, and most common type of conducted media is twisted pair wires. Twisted pair is almost a misnomer, as one rarely encounters a single pair of wires. To help simplify the numerous varieties, twisted pair can be specified as Category 1-7 and is abbreviated as CAT 1-7. If you determine that the twisted pair wire needs to go through walls, rooms, or buildings where there is sufficient electromagnetic interference to cause substantial noise problems, shielded twisted pair can provide a higher level of isolation from that interference than unshielded twisted pair wire, and thus a lower level of errors. Note that CAT 1 3 is essentially extinct. CAT 4 may be used for telephone wire. Most LAN users are now installing CAT 6. Coaxial cable Coaxial cable, in its simplest form, is a single wire wrapped in a foam insulation, surrounded by a braided metal shield, then covered in a plastic jacket. The braided metal shield is very good at blocking electromagnetic signals from entering the cable and producing noise. Because of its good shielding properties, coaxial cable is very good at carrying analog signals with a wide range of frequencies. There are two major coaxial cable technologies, depending on the type of signal each carries: baseband or broadband. Coaxial cable also comes in two primary physical types: thin coaxial cable and thick coaxial cable. Fiber-optic cable Fiber-optic cable (or optical fiber) is a thin glass cable approximately a little thicker than a human hair surrounded by a plastic coating. A light source, called a photo diode, is placed at the transmitting end and quickly switched on and off. The light pulses travel down the glass cable and are detected by an optic sensor called a photo receptor on the receiving end. Fiber-optic cable is capable of transmitting data at over 100 Gbps (that s 100 billion bits per second!) over several kilometers. In addition to having almost error-free high data transmission rates, fiberoptic cable has a number of other advantages over twisted pair and coaxial cable. Since fiberoptic cable passes electrically nonconducting photons through a glass medium, it is immune to electromagnetic interference and extremely difficult to wiretap.
4 Fundamentals of Networking and Data Communications, Sixth Edition 3-4 Wireless Media All wireless systems employ radio waves at differing frequencies. The FCC strictly controls which frequencies are used for each particular type of service. The services covered in this section will include terrestrial microwave transmissions, satellite transmissions, cellular radio systems, personal communication systems, pagers, infrared transmissions, and multichannel multipoint distribution service Terrestrial microwave transmission systems transmit tightly focused beams of radio signals from one ground-based microwave transmission antenna to another. Satellite microwave transmission systems are similar to terrestrial microwave systems except that the signal travels from a ground station on earth to a satellite and back to another ground station on earth, thus achieving much greater distances than line-of-sight transmission. Satellites orbit the earth from three possible ranges: low earth orbit (LEO), middle earth orbit (MEO), and geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO). Infrared transmission is a special form of radio transmission that uses a focused ray of light in the infrared frequency range. A broadband wireless system is one of the latest techniques for delivering Internet services into homes and businesses. ZigBee is a short-range, low-power transmission system often employed in mesh networks to allow controlling equipment to talk to each other. Media Selection Criteria When designing or updating a computer network, the selection of one type of media over another is an important issue. The principal factors you should consider in your decision include cost, speed, expandability, distance, environment, and security. In Action Examples Three In Action examples are introduced in this chapter. The first demonstrates how conducted media might be used in a local area network installation. The second demonstrates possible solutions to running a wire between two buildings. The third example is a wireless media example of a company considering satellite microwave transmissions between two locations while a fourth example demonstrates a terrestrial microwave solution between two branch offices. Quick Quiz 1. What is the advantage of using twisted pair wiring? Coaxial cable? Fiber-optic? Twisted pair is inexpensive and easy to work with. Coaxial cable is good for wide bandwidth signals such as video applications. Fiber-optic carries high amounts of traffic and has much lower error rates.
5 Fundamentals of Networking and Data Communications, Sixth Edition List two major uses of terrestrial microwave. To major users include: long-haul telecommunications and building-to-building data transfer. 3. What are the different ways to categorize satellite microwave? LEO, GEO, MEO, HEO; bulk, single-user, multiplexed 4. List the different forms of wireless technologies. The different forms include: terrestrial microwave, satellite microwave, infrared, cellular, PCS, pager systems, Bluetooth, wireless LANs, ZigBee, and broadband wireless. Discussion Topics 1. Why did the Iridium mobile telephone system fail? 2. While most of Europe and Asia use one form of cellular telephone technology, why can t the U.S. decide on a single cellular protocol? 3. What is the potential for broadband wireless systems? Do you think it will ever really catch on here in the U.S.? Teaching Tips 1. Bring some wire samples to class when discussing conducted media. 2. Have students search the Internet to examine what wireless calling plans are available in their area. 3. Use as a wiring example a portion of a lab or building on campus. Maybe you can locate actual wiring schematics. Solutions to Review Questions 1. What is meant by right-of-way? Right-of-way refers to the ability to install your own cables or wires over yours or someone else s property.
6 Fundamentals of Networking and Data Communications, Sixth Edition What is the function of a cellular telephone switching office? A switching office handles all cellular telephone calls, assigns channels, makes connections, performs billing. 3. What is the difference between data transmission speed and propagation speed? Data transmission speed is the time between successive bits; propagation speed is the time for one bit to traverse from one end of the medium to the other end. 4. What is the sequence of events when placing a call from a cellular telephone? Phone turned on, phone locates nearest tower, phone number dialed, tower passes phone number to CTSO, CTSO checks account, phone number passed to central office (if necessary), connection established 5. What are the different costs of a conducted media? Initial cable costs, costs of supporting devices, and maintenance costs 6. List a few common application areas for each orbit level satellite system. LEO: mobile phones, pagers; MEO: GPS systems; GEO: cable and direct television; HEO for military and science 7. In what situation might we use free space optics? Between buildings, clear line of sight, high data transfer speeds 8. What are the four orbit levels for satellite systems? LEO, MEO, GEO, HEO 9. What are the different wireless local area network protocols? IEEE b, a, and g (bag) 10. List a few common applications for terrestrial microwave. Long haul telecommunications and building-to-building communications 11. List three possible application areas of Bluetooth. Automobiles, wireless home audio systems, wireless computer peripheral interconnections
7 Fundamentals of Networking and Data Communications, Sixth Edition What kind of objects can interfere with terrestrial microwave transmissions? Trees, mountains, buildings, bad weather 13. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of Bluetooth? Advantages: wireless, reasonable data transfer speed, many possible applications Disadvantage: short distance 14. What is an average distance for transmitting terrestrial microwave? The average distance is the line of sight which is roughly miles depending upon intervening obstacles. 15. Broadband wireless service supports what kind of applications? Most popular right now is Internet access. 16. What is the difference between terrestrial microwave and satellite microwave? Terrestrial is land based; satellite is not. 17. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of ZigBee? Advantages: low power, mesh design; Disadvantages: short distance, low speeds 18. What are the advantages and disadvantages of fiber-optic cable? Advantages: High speeds, long distances, low noise; Disadvantages: cost 19. Infrared transmission can be used for which type of applications? Short distance device-to-device data transfer. 20. Why is fiber-optic cable immune to electromagnetic interference? The cable is made of glass. 21. What is the advantage of IEEE over IEEE e? is designed for moving vehicles; e for stationary transmitters 22. What is the difference between baseband coaxial and broadband coaxial cable? Baseband: digital signals; Broadband: analog signals
8 Fundamentals of Networking and Data Communications, Sixth Edition What are the WiMAX protocols used for? The protocols are used for high-speed wireless connections between users and the Internet. 24. What is the primary advantage of coaxial cable compared to twisted pair? Coaxial cable can carry a signal or signals with a wide range of frequencies and it has less noise. 25. What is meant by line-of-sight? Line-of-sight means the receiver has to physically be able to see transmitter. 26. What are the advantages and disadvantages of shielded twisted pair? Advantage: provides better level of isolation from noise; Disadvantage: cost 27. What are the differences between the 2.5 generation cell phone services such as GPRS and 1xRTT and the newer UMTS, 1xEV, and EV-DO? The most noticeable difference is the data transfer rates are higher in the newer technologies. 28. What are Category 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5e, 6, and 7 twisted pair wire used for? Cat 1, 2 and 3: telephone lines; Cat 3, 4, 5, 5e, 6 and 7: LANs 29. What is the primary difference between AMPS (or D-AMPS) cellular systems and the newer PCS mobile telephones? PCS is all digital 30. How does crosstalk occur in twisted pair wire? Crosstalk occurs when electromagnetic radiation is emitted from one wire which is picked up by a second wire. 31. What is the primary difference between AMPS and D-AMPS cellular systems? AMPS: older analog system; D-AMPS: newer digital features added onto AMPS 32. Why is twisted pair wire called twisted pair? Twisted pair wire very often contains one or more pairs of wires and they are twisted around each other.
9 Fundamentals of Networking and Data Communications, Sixth Edition 3-9 Suggested Answers to Exercises 1. You are considering replacing your terrestrial microwave transmission system with a free space optics system. What are the advantages and disadvantages of doing this? Free space optics can be very high data transfer rate and may be a simpler system to maintain. But free space optics, like microwave, is line of sight. Both are not cheap. 2. Terrestrial microwave is a line-of-sight transmission. What sort of objects are tall enough to interfere with terrestrial microwave? Buildings, trees and mountains. 3. A T-1 service offered by voice and data communications companies is capable of supporting 1.5 Mbps of continuous data transfer over a high-quality telephone wire. What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a service when compared to services such as WAP, Bluetooth, and terrestrial microwave? T-1 is installed by phone company, so they worry about right-of-way. Also you don t have to worry about obstructions of signal. Disadvantage of T-1 is relatively low speed and recurring monthly cost. 4. Using the same five media examples from the previous exercise, rank them in order from most secure transmission to least secure transmission. Fiber, satellite, microwave, coaxial, twisted pair; or satellite, microwave, fiber, coaxial, twisted pair 5. There is a company in your community that is starting to offer a WiMAX service for Internet access. The company promises 2-Mbps downloads. If the company predicts that this new service will attract 2000 customers, what is the bandwidth necessary to support this service? A big part of the answer depends on what type of signal encoding are they using. For example, to transmit 2 Mbps, what is the baud rate of the signal? As a simple example, let s assume the baud rate is one hundredth the data rate. That would require a baud rate of 20,000 Hz. To support 2000 customers, you will need to support 2000 times 20,000 baud. 6. Using the same five media examples from the previous exercise, rank them in order from least noisy transmission to most noisy transmission. Fiber, microwave / satellite, coaxial, twisted pair
10 Fundamentals of Networking and Data Communications, Sixth Edition What is one potentially serious problem with using your personal digital assistant and Bluetooth to unlock doors wirelessly? Explain. What is someone steals your Bluetooth enabled device? Will they be able to access your locked devices? Did you use some form of security code? 8. Rank the following five media examples twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, microwave, and satellite in order from highest data transmission speed to lowest data transmission speed. Fiber, satellite, microwave, coaxial cable, twisted pair (satellite might be first under some conditions) 9. Why do cellular telephone systems only need seven sets of frequencies in a metropolitan area? If you draw a set of cells like a honeycomb pattern, you will only need 7 sets of frequencies before you can start to reuse them. 10. The local cable TV company has changed its mind. It is now going to replace all the existing coaxial cable with unshielded twisted pair. List the advantages and disadvantages of this plan. Bad choice too much noise 11. You are talking on your cellular telephone as you pass from one cell to another. Will your cellular telephone use the same set of frequencies in the new cell as it was using in the previous cell? Explain. No. Any two adjacent cells use different frequencies. 12. The local cable TV company is considering removing all the coaxial cable and replacing it with fiber-optic cable. List the advantages and disadvantages of this plan. Higher data rates, more channels, less noise 13. Which of the wireless technologies can transmit through solid objects. Which wireless technologies cannot? Can: Bluetooth, wireless LANs Cannot: Infrared, microwave, satellite, MMDS/LMDS
11 Fundamentals of Networking and Data Communications, Sixth Edition Can you transmit a video signal over twisted pair wire? Explain. Be sure to consider multiple scenarios. More than likely you can but noise is going to be a serious factor. The signal may be very fuzzy or distorted, making it impractical. 15. You are walking down the street and your cell phone rings. What was the sequence of events that allowed a person with a conventional telephone to call you on your cellular telephone? Your cell phone must be turned on, which means the system recognizes what cell you are currently in. Someone places a call, it goes to the cellular switching office, the call goes to the cell you are in and your cell phone rings. 16. What characteristics of Category 5/5e unshielded twisted pair make it the most commonly used conducted wire? Data transfer rates of Mbps per wire; reasonably low noise; inexpensive cost per foot 17. How long does it take a signal to reach a satellite in low earth orbit? 500 miles (average) / 186,428 miles per second = seconds 18. List three different examples of crosstalk that don t involve wires and electric signals. (Hint: look around you.) hearing the students or instructor in the next classroom; hearing traffic on the road outside; many separate conversations in the same room. 19. Given that a satellite signal travels at the speed of light, exactly how long does it take for a signal to go from the earth to a satellite in geosynchronous orbit, and back to Earth? Show your calculations. 22,300 miles / 186,428 miles per second = 0.12 seconds, times two 20. Table 3-1 shows Category 1 wire transmitting a signal for 5-6 kilometers (3-4 miles) but Category 5e for only 100 meters (328 feet). Is Category 1 the best wire for long distance transmissions? Explain. No. Cat 1 can go 2-3 miles but only at very low data transfer rates.
12 Fundamentals of Networking and Data Communications, Sixth Edition Your company has two offices located approximately one mile apart. There is a need to transfer data between the two offices at speeds up to 100 Mbps. List as many solutions as possible for interconnecting the two buildings. Is each solution technically feasible? Financially feasible? Politically feasible? Defend your position. Twisted pair and coax: too great a distance for 100 Mbps Fiber-optic: might work; expensive; do you have right-of-way? Microwave: might work; expensive; do you have a clear line of sight? Satellite: might work, but really expensive Bluetooth or infrared: too great a distance Thinking Outside the Box 1. Definitely needs to be shielded, or fiber-optic. Wireless might be an interesting solution. 2. First solution might be a small twisted pair small office home office LAN; secondly you might want to consider wireless. 3. Satellite microwave; GPS; cellular phones; other radio technologies 5. Wireless LAN would be first choice; could also consider running twisted pair (might be hard to do physically); also consider data transmission systems that send signals over electrical outlets in the walls. 6. Bluetooth peer-to-peer; wireless LAN peer-to-peer; infrared
Computers Are Your Future. 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Computers Are Your Future 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 3 Wired and Wireless Communication 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 2 What You Will Learn... ü The definition of bandwidth
More informationIntroduction to Computer Networks and Data Communications
Introduction to Computer Networks and Data Communications Chapter 11 Learning Objectives Define the basic terminology of computer networks Recognize the individual components of the big picture of computer
More informationSignal directionality Lower frequency signals are omnidirectional Higher frequency signals can be focused in a directional beam
Transmission Media Transmission medium Physical path between transmitter and receiver May be guided (wired) or unguided (wireless) Communication achieved by using em waves Characteristics and quality of
More informationIJMIE Volume 2, Issue 6 ISSN: 2249-0558
A Survey on Data Security & Computer Networks MR. SHASHIRAJ TEOTIA (MCA, M.TECH (IT), *Ph.d(cse))* MR. RAVI PUNIA** Mrs. MONISHA AWASTHI** Abstract: This research deals with data security in distributed
More informationCOMPUTERS ARE YOUR FUTURE CHAPTER 8 WIRED & WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
COMPUTERS ARE YOUR FUTURE CHAPTER 8 WIRED & WIRELESS COMMUNICATION Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions Matching g 1. whiteboard i 2. sending device o 3. streaming j 4. WiFi m 5. Webcam d 6. data transfer
More informationData Transmission. Data Communications Model. CSE 3461 / 5461: Computer Networking & Internet Technologies. Presentation B
CSE 3461 / 5461: Computer Networking & Internet Technologies Data Transmission Presentation B Kannan Srinivasan 08/30/2012 Data Communications Model Figure 1.2 Studying Assignment: 3.1-3.4, 4.1 Presentation
More informationThe Telephone Network. An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking
The Telephone Network An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking Is it a computer network? Specialized to carry voice Also carries telemetry video fax modem calls Internally, uses digital samples Switches
More informationChapter 9 Communications and Networks
Chapter 9 Communications and Networks Chapter 9 Objectives Discuss the components required for successful communications Identify various sending and receiving devices Explain the purpose of communications
More information1 Which network type is a specifically designed configuration of computers and other devices located within a confined area? A Peer-to-peer network
Review questions 1 Which network type is a specifically designed configuration of computers and other devices located within a confined area? A Peer-to-peer network B Local area network C Client/server
More informationNETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES
NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES (October 19, 2015) BUS3500 - Abdou Illia, Fall 2015 1 LEARNING GOALS Identify the major hardware components in networks. Identify and explain the various types of computer networks.
More informationGetting Broadband. FCC Consumer Facts. What Is Broadband?
Getting Broadband FCC Consumer Facts What Is Broadband? Broadband or high-speed Internet access allows users to access the Internet and Internetrelated services at significantly higher speeds than those
More informationTelecommunications, Networks, and Wireless Computing
Objectives Telecommunications, Networks, and Wireless Computing 1. What are the features of a contemporary corporate telecommunications system? On what major technology developments are they based? 2.
More informationChapter 1: roadmap. Access networks and physical media
Chapter 1: roadmap 1.1 What is the nternet? 1.2 Network edge 1.3 Network core 1.4 Network access and physical media 1.5 nternet structure and SPs 1.6 elay & loss in packet-switched networks 1.7 Protocol
More informationChapter 9A. Network Definition. The Uses of a Network. Network Basics
Chapter 9A Network Basics 1 Network Definition Set of technologies that connects computers Allows communication and collaboration between users 2 The Uses of a Network Simultaneous access to data Data
More informationFuture Stars. Grade X Manual Chapter 1 Networking and Telecommunication. telecommunication. Telephones, telegrams, radios and televisions help
Future Stars Grade X Manual Chapter 1 Networking and Telecommunication 1. Answer the following questions. a. What is telecommunication? Ans: The transfer of information at a far distance is known as telecommunication.
More informationNarrowband and Broadband Access Technologies
Computer Networks and Internets, 5e Chapters 12 and 16 Access and Interconnection Technologies (slidesets abridged/combined) By Douglas Comer Modified from the lecture slides of Lami Kaya (LKaya@ieee.org)
More informationEnvironmental Monitoring: Guide to Selecting Wireless Communication Solutions
Environmental Monitoring: Guide to Selecting Wireless Communication Solutions By: Scott South Published in WaterWorld, January 2005 (Page 48) Rapidly growing demands for information and increased productivity
More informationLocal Area Network By Bhupendra Ratha, Lecturer School of Library and Information Science Devi Ahilya University, Indore Email: bhu261@gmail.com Local Area Network LANs connect computers and peripheral
More informationIntroduction to Ethernet
Technical Tutorial 2002 12-06 Table of Contents 1: Introduction 2: Ethernet 3: IEEE standards 4: Topology 5: CSMA/CD 6: Wireless-LAN 7: Transmission Speed 8: Limitations of Ethernet 9: Sena Products and
More informationCN1047 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORKING CHAPTER 1 BASIC CONCEPTS OF NETWORK
CN1047 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORKING CHAPTER 1 BASIC CONCEPTS OF NETWORK DEFINTION & APPLICATIONS DEFINTION: A computer network is defined as the interconnection of two or more computers. It is done
More informationNetworks. The two main network types are: Peer networks
Networks Networking is all about sharing information and resources. Computers connected to a network can avail of many facilities not available to standalone computers: Share a printer or a plotter among
More informationChapter 4 Connecting to the Internet through an ISP
Chapter 4 Connecting to the Internet through an ISP 1. According to Cisco what two things are essential to gaining access to the internet? a. ISPs are essential to gaining access to the Internet. b. No
More informationDiscovering Computers 2008. Chapter 9 Communications and Networks
Discovering Computers 2008 Chapter 9 Communications and Networks Chapter 9 Objectives Discuss the the components required for for successful communications Identify various sending and receiving devices
More informationModule 5. Broadcast Communication Networks. Version 2 CSE IIT, Kharagpur
Module 5 Broadcast Communication Networks Lesson 1 Network Topology Specific Instructional Objectives At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to: Specify what is meant by network topology
More informationINTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND TRANSMISSION MEDIA
COMM.ENG INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND TRANSMISSION MEDIA 9/6/2014 LECTURES 1 Objectives To give a background on Communication system components and channels (media) A distinction between analogue
More informationPhysical Layer. Communication Satellites. ECE 453 Introduction to Computer Networks. Lecture 3 Physical Layer II
ECE 453 Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 3 Physical Layer II 1 Physical Layer Services transmit bits from sender to receiver. Transmission media Guided: twisted pair, coax, fiber Unguided (wireless):
More informationWireless LANs vs. Wireless WANs
White Paper Wireless LANs vs. Wireless WANs White Paper 2130273 Revision 1.0 Date 2002 November 18 Subject Supported Products Comparing Wireless LANs and Wireless WANs Wireless data cards and modules,
More informationCSCI 491-01 Topics: Internet Programming Fall 2008
CSCI 491-01 Topics: Internet Programming Fall 2008 Introduction Derek Leonard Hendrix College September 3, 2008 Original slides copyright 1996-2007 J.F Kurose and K.W. Ross 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Our
More informationIntroduction To Computer Networks
Introduction To Computer Networks 1. LAN s and WAN s 2. Some network and internetwork components 3. The communication process 4. Communication media 5. Topologies 6. Communication models and Standards
More informationPage 1 of 7. Computer Networking
Page 1 of 7 Computer Networking 7.1 What Is Computer Networking? A computer network consists of several computers that are connected to one another using devices that allow them to communicate. Computer
More informationChapter 9. Communications and Networks. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 9 Communications and Networks McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Competencies (Page 1 of 2) Discuss connectivity, the wireless revolution,
More informationInternet Service Overview
Internet Service Overview This article contains information about: Internet Service Provider Networks Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Cable Internet Fiber Internet Wireless/WIMAX Cellular/Wireless Satellite
More informationEECC694 - Shaaban. Transmission Channel
The Physical Layer: Data Transmission Basics Encode data as energy at the data (information) source and transmit the encoded energy using transmitter hardware: Possible Energy Forms: Electrical, light,
More informationWhat s a protocol? What s a protocol? A closer look at network structure: What s the Internet? What s the Internet? What s the Internet?
What s the Internet? PC server laptop cellular handheld access points wired s connected computing devices: hosts = end systems running apps communication s fiber, copper, radio transmission rate = bandwidth
More informationEE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission. Prof. Murat Torlak
Path Loss Radio Wave Propagation The wireless radio channel puts fundamental limitations to the performance of wireless communications systems Radio channels are extremely random, and are not easily analyzed
More informationWireless Links - Wireless communication relies on radio signals or infrared signals for transmitting data.
Uses of a network A network is a way to connect computers so that they can communicate, exchange information and share resources in real time. Networks enable multiple users to access shared data and programs
More informationIntroduction to Computer Networks and Data Communications
Introduction to Computer Networks and Data Communications Chapter 1 Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Define the basic terminology of computer networks Recognize the
More informationComputer Network and Communication
2 Computer Network and Communication 2.1 INTRODUCTION As we all know, the advances in Information technology revolutionized almost every aspect of our life. Education, industry, banking, researches and
More informationACCESS CHARGE A fee charged subscribers or other telephone companies by a local exchange carrier for the use of its local exchange networks.
Glossary of Telecommunications Terms (Source: Federal Communications Commission) ACCESS CHARGE A fee charged subscribers or other telephone companies by a local exchange carrier for the use of its local
More informationAppendix A: Basic network architecture
Appendix A: Basic network architecture TELECOMMUNICATIONS LOCAL ACCESS NETWORKS Traditionally, telecommunications networks are classified as either fixed or mobile, based on the degree of mobility afforded
More informationComponent 4: Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Component 4: Introduction to Information and Computer Science Unit 7: Networks & Networking Lecture 1 This material was developed by Oregon Health & Science University, funded by the Department of Health
More informationBroadband Primer. A Guide to High Speed Internet Technologies. Indiana Office of Utility Consumer Counselor
Broadband Primer A Guide to High Speed Internet Technologies Indiana Office of Utility Consumer Counselor 100 N. Senate Av., Room N501 Indianapolis, IN 46204-2215 www.openlines.in.gov toll-free: 1-888-441-2494
More informationIntroduction to Computer
PDHonline Course E175 (8 PDH) Introduction to Computer Instructor: Dale W. Callahan, Ph.D., P.E. and Lea B. Callahan, P.E. 2012 PDH Online PDH Center 5272 Meadow Estates Drive Fairfax, VA 22030-6658 Phone
More informationTroubleshooting Problems Affecting Radio Frequency Communication
Troubleshooting Problems Affecting Radio Frequency Communication Document ID: 8630 Refer to the Cisco Wireless Downloads (registered customers only) page in order to get Cisco Aironet drivers, firmware
More informationADSL or Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. Backbone. Bandwidth. Bit. Bits Per Second or bps
ADSL or Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Backbone Bandwidth Bit Commonly called DSL. Technology and equipment that allow high-speed communication across standard copper telephone wires. This can include
More informationCS423: Lectures 2-4, Physical Layer. George Varghese. April 16, 2008
CS423: Lectures 2-4, Physical Layer George Varghese April 16, 2008 What does the Physical Layer Do? bits SENDER PHYSICAL LAYER RECEIVER 1 RECEIVER 1 RECEIVER 1 A possibly faulty, single-hop, bit pipe that
More informationA network is a group of devices (Nodes) connected by media links. A node can be a computer, printer or any other device capable of sending and
NETWORK By Bhupendra Ratha, Lecturer School of Library and Information Science Devi Ahilya University, Indore Email: bhu261@gmail.com Network A network is a group of devices (Nodes) connected by media
More informationC20.0001 Information Systems for Managers Fall 1999
New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business C20.0001 Information Systems for Managers Fall 1999 Networking Fundamentals A network comprises two or more computers that have been connected in
More informationChapter 6 Telecommunications, Networks, and Wireless. Computing
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, Networks, and Wireless Computing Essay Questions: 1. Define a hub, switch, and a router. 2. List the challenges associated with managing contemporary telecommunications and
More informationInformation Systems Infrastructure. Learning Objectives. Components of Campus Telecommunications Infrastructure
Information Systems Infrastructure APPA-Institute for Facilities Management J. Craig Klimczak, D.V.M., M.S. 321 South Mosley Road St. Louis, MO 63141 compuvet@aol.com Learning Objectives Become familiar
More informationUnit of Learning # 2 The Physical Layer. Redes de Datos Sergio Guíñez Molinos sguinez@utalca.cl 1-2009
Unit of Learning # 2 The Physical Layer Redes de Datos Sergio Guíñez Molinos sguinez@utalca.cl 1-2009 The Theoretical Basis for Data Communication Sergio Guíñez Molinos Redes de Computadores 2 The Theoretical
More information5 Data Communication and Networking
5 Data Communication and Networking 5.1 Introduction Today computer is available in many offices and homes and therefore there is a need to share data and programs among various computers. With the advancement
More informationNetwork Edge and Network Core
Computer Networks Network Edge and Network Core Based on Computer Networking, 4 th Edition by Kurose and Ross What s s the Internet: Nuts and Bolts View PC server wireless laptop cellular handheld access
More information2. What is the maximum value of each octet in an IP address? A. 128 B. 255 C. 256 D. None of the above
1. How many bits are in an IP address? A. 16 B. 32 C. 64 2. What is the maximum value of each octet in an IP address? A. 128 B. 255 C. 256 3. The network number plays what part in an IP address? A. It
More informationTelecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology 6.1 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES What are the principal components of telecommunications networks
More informationIT4504 - Data Communication and Networks (Optional)
- Data Communication and Networks (Optional) INTRODUCTION This is one of the optional courses designed for Semester 4 of the Bachelor of Information Technology Degree program. This course on Data Communication
More informationNetworking 101 (Networking Basics) Presentation to UCHUG - 1/03/07 G. Skalka
Networking 101 (Networking Basics) Presentation to UCHUG - 1/03/07 G. Skalka What is a network? A computer network is two or more computers connected together using a telecommunication system for the purpose
More informationThe data can be transmitted through a variety of different communications platforms such as:
COMMUNICATION NETWORK General Overview of SCADA Communications Without a properly designed communication network system, a SCADA system cannot exist. All supervisory control and data acquisition aspects
More informationUpon completing this chapter, you will be able to: Describe the primary types and uses of twisted-pair cables Describe the primary types and uses of
Upon completing this chapter, you will be able to: Describe the primary types and uses of twisted-pair cables Describe the primary types and uses of coaxial cables Describe the primary types and uses of
More informationFrequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions Wire and Installation What kind of wire to use with SC&T Twisted Pair Transmission products? Use UTP (unshielded twisted pair) CAT 5 24 AWG (or over) to have the best transmission
More information(Refer Slide Time: 2:10)
Data Communications Prof. A. Pal Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture-12 Multiplexer Applications-1 Hello and welcome to today s lecture on multiplexer
More informationVoice and Delivery Data Networks
Voice and Delivery Data Networks Chapter 11 Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Identify the basic elements of a telephone system Describe the composition of the telephone
More informationChapter 2 from Tanenbaum - modified. The Physical Layer. Ref: A.S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 4 th Ed., Prentice-Hall, 2003, ISBN: 0-13-038488-7.
Chapter 2 from Tanenbaum - modified The Physical Layer Ref: A.S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 4 th Ed., Prentice-Hall, 2003, ISBN: 0-13-038488-7. Data Communications over Wireless and Digital Wired Systems
More informationETA - RESI (Computer Networking) NCEE COMPETENCIES PROJECT
ETA - RESI () NCEE COMPETENCIES PROJECT RESIDENTIAL ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS INTEGRATOR RESI (There are two levels of expertise proposed for those workers who install electronics cables in residences and interconnect
More informationTop Homebuyer Trends. The Internet Home computers Functional home office Access to entertainment services Assurance of resale value
Index Page Top Homebuyer Trends 3 The Internet 4 Home Computers 5 Functional Home Office 6 Access to Entertainment Services 7 Assurance of Resale Value 8 Home Wiring Technology 9 What is Bandwidth? 10
More informationNetwork edge and network core. millions of connected compu?ng devices: hosts = end systems running network apps
Computer Networks 1-1 What s the Internet: nuts and bolts view PC server wireless laptop cellular handheld access points wired links millions of connected compu?ng devices: hosts = end systems running
More informationComputer Networking Type A: Very Short Answer Questions
Computer Networking Type A: Very Short Answer Questions 1. Define a network. What is its need? Ans: A computer network is a system in which computers are connected to share information and resources. Computer
More informationMultiplexing on Wireline Telephone Systems
Multiplexing on Wireline Telephone Systems Isha Batra, Divya Raheja Information Technology, Dronacharya College of Engineering Farrukh Nagar, Gurgaon, India ABSTRACT- This Paper Outlines a research multiplexing
More informationCabling LANs and WANs
Cabling LANs and WANs CCNA 1 v3 Module 5 10/11/2005 NESCOT CATC 1 Cabling the LAN Each media has advantages and disadvantages: Cable length Cost Ease of installation Susceptibility to interference The
More informationEvolving Telecommunications to Triple Play:
Hands-On IPTV, VoIP, 3D TV and Delivery Systems for System Engineers Course Description With the introduction of Next Generation Networks to telecommunications carrier infrastructures, customers expect
More information1. INTRODUCTION. 1.1 Background and Motivation. 1.2 The Digital Television Era
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and Motivation Despite unprecedented growth in the worldwide expansion of the internet, it is television that remains the most global and powerful of media. According to
More informationConnecting the World from the Sky
Connecting the World from the Sky Last August, Facebook partnered with leading technology companies to launch Internet.org a global effort to make affordable basic internet services available to everyone
More informationBroadband Access Technologies
Broadband Access Technologies Chris Wong Communications Engineering Sector Analysis & Reporting Branch International Training Program 23 October 2007 Presentation Outline What is broadband? What are the
More informationDT3: RF On/Off Remote Control Technology. Rodney Singleton Joe Larsen Luis Garcia Rafael Ocampo Mike Moulton Eric Hatch
DT3: RF On/Off Remote Control Technology Rodney Singleton Joe Larsen Luis Garcia Rafael Ocampo Mike Moulton Eric Hatch Agenda Radio Frequency Overview Frequency Selection Signals Methods Modulation Methods
More informationThis paper will explain some of the more important factors on how UTP wires work; specifically it will cover the following:
UTP Technology In the late 1970s, unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cabling originated in the computer industry as a means of transmitting digital data over computer networks. This cable was designed to be
More informationThink! Think! Data communications. Long-Distance. Modems: to analog and back. Transmission Media. The last mile is the hardest for digital information
Data communications Think! Think!?? What makes it possible to communicate from point A to point B?? Long-Distance Transmission Media If you place a call outside the local transport area, an interchange
More informationLocal-Area Network -LAN
Computer Networks A group of two or more computer systems linked together. There are many [types] of computer networks: Peer To Peer (workgroups) The computers are connected by a network, however, there
More informationIntroduction to Optical Networks
Yatindra Nath Singh Assistant Professor Electrical Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Email: ynsingh@ieee.org http://home.iitk.ac.in/~ynsingh 1 What are optical network? Telecomm
More informationData Transmission. Raj Jain. Professor of CIS. The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH 43210 Jain@ACM.Org http://www.cis.ohio-state.
Data Transmission Professor of CIS Columbus, OH 43210 Jain@ACM.Org http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/ 2-1 Overview Time Domain and Frequency Domain Bit, Hertz Decibels Data vs Signal Attenuation, Delay
More informationWhat Does Communication (or Telecommunication) Mean?
What Does Communication (or Telecommunication) Mean? The term communication (or telecommunication) means the transfer of some form of information from one place (known as the source of information) to
More informationGLOBAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY: YSR DIST. Unit VII Fiber Optics Engineering Physics
Introduction Fiber optics deals with the light propagation through thin glass fibers. Fiber optics plays an important role in the field of communication to transmit voice, television and digital data signals
More informationObjectives. Lecture 4. How do computers communicate? How do computers communicate? Local asynchronous communication. How do computers communicate?
Lecture 4 Continuation of transmission basics Chapter 3, pages 75-96 Dave Novak School of Business University of Vermont Objectives Line coding Modulation AM, FM, Phase Shift Multiplexing FDM, TDM, WDM
More informationIntroduction to Metropolitan Area Networks and Wide Area Networks
Introduction to Metropolitan Area Networks and Wide Area Networks Chapter 9 Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Distinguish local area networks, metropolitan area networks,
More informationSecurity & Surveillance Cabling Systems
Security & Surveillance Cabling Systems Security and Surveillance Cabling Systems The video security industry is growing and ever-changing, offering a wealth of opportunity for today s security professionals.
More informationcommunication over wireless link handling mobile user who changes point of attachment to network
Wireless Networks Background: # wireless (mobile) phone subscribers now exceeds # wired phone subscribers! computer nets: laptops, palmtops, PDAs, Internet-enabled phone promise anytime untethered Internet
More informationSending A/V Signals Over Twisted Pair Cables: An Introduction. What is A/V over twisted pair?... 2
Sending A/V Signals Over Twisted Pair s: An Introduction Table of Contents What is A/V over twisted pair?... 2 What can be accommodated with A/V over twisted pair?... 3 What applications can effectively
More informationFiber Optics: Engineering from Global to Nanometer Dimensions
Fiber Optics: Engineering from Global to Nanometer Dimensions Prof. Craig Armiento Fall 2003 1 Optical Fiber Communications What is it? Transmission of information using light over an optical fiber Why
More informationComputer Networking: A Survey
Computer Networking: A Survey M. Benaiah Deva Kumar and B. Deepa, 1 Scholar, 2 Assistant Professor, IT Department, Sri Krishna College of Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, India. Abstract- Computer
More informationWhat Is Broadband? How Does Broadband Work?
What Is Broadband? High-speed Internet access or broadband allows users to access the Internet and Internet-related services at significantly higher speeds than those available through dialup Internet
More informationModule 1 Communication Networks. Version 1 ECE, IIT Kharagpur
Module 1 Communication Networks Lesson 1 Communication Networks An Introduction and Overview INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES General This lesson is designed to give the reader the concept and definition of a
More informationAbout Me" List of Lectures" In This Course" Mobile and Sensor Systems. Lecture 1: Introduction to Wireless Systems" " Dr. Cecilia Mascolo" "
About Me Reader in Mobile Systems NetOS Research Group Research on Mobile, Social and Sensor Systems More specifically, Human Mobility and Social Network modelling Opportunistic Mobile Networks Mobile
More informationBASICS OF DATA COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER NETWORKING
Basics of Data Communication and Computer Networking :: 33 2 BASICS OF DATA COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER NETWORKING 2.1 INTRODUCTION Computers are used to generate information. Generated information is not
More informationUnderstanding the Electrical Performance of Category Cables
Understanding the Electrical Performance of Category Cables By: Mike Levesque, Mike Karg & Himmeler Themistocle Obsessed with cable solutions. Understanding the Electrical Performance of Category Cables
More informationImplementing Fast Ethernet
Implementing Fast Ethernet R The Next Generation of Ethernet Fast Ethernet (also known as IEEE 802.3u or 100BASE-T) is quickly becoming the successor to Ethernet as the network topology of choice. Fast
More information1.264 Lecture 36 (Solutions)
1.264 Lecture 36 (Solutions) Telecom: Wireless networks Next class: Green chapter 31,33, 36, 39. No exercise. 1 Exercise Design a system for an intercity rail passenger train to provide Internet access
More informationTRANSMISSION MEDIA CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 4 TRANSMISSION MEDIA 4.1 Guided Transmission Media Twisted Pair Coaxial Cable Optical Fiber 4.2 Wireless Transmission Antennas Terrestrial Microwave Satellite Microwave Broadcast Radio Infrared
More informationA General Glossary of Telecommunications Terminology
1 A General Glossary of Telecommunications Terminology Analog Electronic transmission of voice and data accomplished by adding signals of varying frequency, or amplitude, to carrier waves of a given frequency
More informationFWA - technology and benefit
FWA - technology and benefit Professor Torleiv Maseng adj. Professor radio communications Department of Electroscience ( Inst. för Elektrovetenskap), Lund University, LTH FWA: Point to multipoint systems
More informationTCIPG Reading Group. Introduction to Computer Networks. Introduction 1-1
TCIPG Reading Group Introduction to Computer Networks Based on: Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach, 4 th edition. Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison- Wesley, July 2007. Introduction 1-1 Chapter 1: Introduction
More information