The Ecological Descriptions in the Early Colonial American Literature

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Malcolm Hamilton
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1 Journal of PLA University of Foreign Languages Vol. 27 No. 3 May 2004 ( ) : : ; : ; ; ; : I : A : X (2004) The Ecological Descriptions in the Early Colonial American Literature ZHU Xin2fu ( School of Foreign Languages Suzhou University Suzhou Jiangsu Prov China) Abstract : The positive ecological descriptions in the early colonial American literature is usually regarded as a means to attract the European immigrants. Yet there exists behind these ecological descriptions of the nature and environment a far more significant purpose : they aim at an indirect expounding of the Puritanical ideology and a spreading of the Christian creeds and Christian mythology. At the same time these positive ecological descriptions pave the way for the establishment of the American national consciousness. Key words : colonial American literature ; ecological descriptions ; Puritanical ideology ; American national consciousness 18 (Miller 1956 : 210) 19 ( Ralph Waldo Emerson ) ( Henry David Thoreau ) ( Walt Whitman ) ( Herman Melville ) : (anthropocentric) (ecocentric) : ( 1986 : 66) : : ( )

2 3 73 (John Smith ) ( William Bradford ) ( Arthur Barlowe ) ( Daniel Denton ) (Cressy 1987 : 127) ( Descri ption of New England 1616) ( Of Plymouth Plantation ) ( : 26) : 17 ( : 26) ( The Fi rst V oyage M ade to the Coasts of A merica) : : (Barlowe 1989 : 72) ( 1997 : 76) ; (Cronon 1983 : 73) (the geography of the mind) ( terra ( : 21) incognita) ( A B rief Descri ption of New York) : (terra cognita) (Denton 1670 : 56) ( Wood 1968 : 126) (

3 : 81) ; ( : 86) (Duncan 1993 : 39) ( ) (Stock 1993 : 272) ( ) ( : 83) ; (Bercovitch 1976 : 33) : ; (Bercovitch 1976 : 38)

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political Writing Politics & Literature: Literature and Democracy in America Government 3655 Instructor: Jason Frank TA: Desmond Jagmohan Cornell University 307 White Hall B12 White Hall T/Th 1:25-2:40 5-6759 / jf273@cornell.edu