COMMAS WITH NONESSENTIAL WORDS & PHRASES GREGG REFERENCE MANUAL (SIXTH EDITION)
|
|
- Juliana Cox
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 GREGG REFERENCE MANUAL (SIXTH EDITION) WITH TRANSITIONAL EXPRESSIONS AND INDEPENDENT COMMENTS GREGG RULE 138a Use commas to set off transitional expressions. These nonessential words and phrases are called transitional because they help the reader mentally relate the preceding thought with the idea now being introduced. They express the notion of: ADDITION: also, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, too (see 1143), what is more CONSEQUENCE: accordingly, as a result, consequently, hence (see 139b), otherwise, so (see 11179), then (see 139b), therefore, thus (see 139b) SUMMARIZING: after all, all in all, all things considered, briefly, by and large, in any case (event), in brief, in conclusion, in short, in summary, in the final analysis, in the long run, on balance, on the whole, to sum up GENERALIZING: as a rule, as usual, for the most part, generally (speaking), in general, ordinarily, usually RESTATEMENT: in essence, in other words, namely, that is, that is to say CONTRAST AND COMPARISON: by contrast, by the same token, conversely, instead, likewise, on one hand, on the contrary, on the other hand, rather, similarly, yet (see 179) CONCESSION: anyway, at any rate, be that as it may, even so, however, in any case (event), nevertheless, still, this fact notwithstanding SEQUENCE: afterward, at first, at the same time, finally, first, first of all, for now, for the time being, in conclusion, in the first place, in time, in turn, later on, meanwhile, next, second, then (see 11139b), to begin with DIVERSION: by the by, by the way, incidentally ILLUSTRATION: for example, for instance, for one thing GREGG RULE 138b Use commas to set off independent comments, that is, nonessential words or phrases that express the writer's attitude toward the meaning of the sentence. By means of these independent comments, the writer indicates that what he is about to say carries his wholehearted endorsement (indeed, by all means) or deserves only his lukewarm support (apparently, presumably) or hardly requires saying (as you already know, clearly, obviously) or represents only his personal views (in my opinion, personally) or arouses some emotion in him (unfortunately, happily) or presents his honest position (frankly, actually, Compiled by Marla Sharp, RPR, CLR, CCRR, CSR Page 1 of 6
2 to tell the truth). Such terms modify the meaning of the sentence as a whole rather than a particular word within the sentence. AFFIRMATION: by all means, indeed, of course, yes DENIAL: no REGRET: alas, unfortunately PLEASURE: fortunately, happily QUALIFICATION: ideally, if necessary, if possible, literally. strictly speaking, theoretically PERSONAL VIEWPOINT: according to her, as I see it, in my opinion, personally ASSERTION OF CANDOR: actually, frankly, in reality, to be honest, to say the least, to ASSERTION OF FACT: tell the truth, as a matter of fact, as it happens, as you know, believe it or not, certainly, clearly, doubtless, in fact, naturally, needless to say, obviously, without doubt WEAK ASSERTION: apparently, perhaps, presumably AT THE BEGINNING OF A SENTENCE GREGG RULE 139a When the words and phrases listed in 11138a b appear at the beginning of a sentence, they should be followed by a comma unless they are used as essential elements. NONESSENTIAL: After all, you have done more for him than he had any right to expect. ESSENTIAL: After all you have done for him. he has no right to expect more. NONESSENTIAL: However, you look at the letter yourself and see whether you interpret it as I do. ESSENTIAL: However you look at the letter, there is only one possible interpretation. NONESSENTIAL: Obviously, the guest of honor was quite moved by the welcome she received. ESSENTIAL: Obviously moved by the welcome she received, the guest of honor spoke with an emotionchoked voice. (Here obviously modifies moved. In the preceding sentence, obviously modifies the meaning of the sentence as a whole.) GREGG RULE 139b When hence, then, or thus occurs at the beginning of a sentence, the comma following is omitted unless the connective requires special emphasis or a nonessential element occurs at that point. Thus they thought it wise to get an outside consultant's opinion. Then they decided to go back to their original plan. BUT: Then, after they rejected the consultant's recommendation, they decided to go back to their original plan. GREGG RULE 139c When an introductory transitional expression or independent comment is incorporated into the flow of the sentence without any intervening pause, the comma may be omitted. Compiled by Marla Sharp, RPR, CLR, CCRR, CSR Page 2 of 6
3 Of course I can handle it. Perhaps she was joking. No doubt he meant well. Indeed she was not. GREGG RULE 140 At the End of a Sentence Use one comma to set off a transitional expression or an independent comment at the end of a sentence. However, be sure to distinguish between nonessential and essential elements. NONESSENTIAL: Philip goes to every employee reception, of course. ESSENTIAL: Philip goes to every employee reception as a matter of course. NONESSENTIAL: The deal is going to fall through, in my opinion. ESSENTIAL: She doesn't rank very high in my opinion. GREGG RULE 141 Within the Sentence Use two commas to set off a transitional expression or an independent comment when it occurs as a nonessential element within the sentence. I, too, was not expecting a six-month convalescence. The doctors tell me, however, that I will regain full use of my left leg lf, however, the expression is used as an essential element, omit the commas. NONESSENTIAL: Let me say, to begin with, that I have always thought highly of him. ESSENTIAL: If you want to improve your English. you ought to begin with a good review of grammar. NOTE: In many sentences the only way you can tell whether an expression is nonessential or essential is by the way you say it. If your voice tends to drop as you utter the expression, it is nonessential and should be set off by commas. We concluded, nevertheless, that their offer was not serious. Millie understands, certainly, that the reassignment is only temporary. It is critical. therefore, that we rework all these cost estimates, If your voice tends to rise as you utter the expression, it is essential and should not be set off by commas. we nevertheless concluded that their offer was not serious. Millie certainly understands that the reassignment is only temporary. It is therefore critical that we rework all these cost estimates. Compiled by Marla Sharp, RPR, CLR, CCRR, CSR Page 3 of 6
4 If commas are inserted in the previous example, the entire reading of the sentence will be changed. The voice will rise on the word is and drop on therefore. (If this is the inflection intended, then commas around therefore are appropriate.) It is, therefore, critical that we rework all these cost estimates, AT THE BEGINNING OF A CLAUSE GREGG RULE 142a When a transitional expression or independent comment occurs at the beginning of the second independent clause in a compound sentence and is preceded by a semicolon, use one comma following the expression. I would love to work in a side trip to Vail; however, I don't think I can pull it off. My boss just approved the purchase order; therefore, let's confirm a delivery date. NOTE: When hence, then, or thus appears at the beginning of an independent clause, the comma following is omitted unless the connective requires special emphasis or a nonessential element occurs at that point. (See also 139b.) Melt the butter over high heat; then add the egg. Burt Melt the butter over high heat; then, when the foam begins to subside, add the egg. GREGG RULE 142b When the expression occurs at the beginning of the second independent clause in a compound sentence and is preceded by a comma and a coordinating conjunction, use one comma following the expression. (See also 127d.) The location of the plant was not easy to reach, and to be honest about it, I wasn't very taken with the people who interviewed me. The job seemed to have no future, and to tell the truth, the salary was pretty low. In the first place, I think the budget for the project is unrealistic, and in the second place, the deadlines are almost impossible to meet. NOTE: If the expression is a simple adverb like therefore or consequently, the comma following the expression is usually omitted. (See also 180.) The matter must be resolved by Friday, and therefore our preliminary conference mustbe held no later than Thursday. All the general managers have been summoned to a three-day meeting at the home office, and consequently I have had to reschedule all my meetings for the week of May 6. GREGG RULE 142c If the expression occurs at the beginning of a dependent clause, either treat the expression as nonessential (and set it off with two commas) or treat it as essential (and omit the commas). Compiled by Marla Sharp, RPR, CLR, CCRR, CSR Page 4 of 6
5 If indeed they want to settle the dispute, why don't they agree to arbitration? He is a man who, in my opinion, will make a fine marketing director. She is a woman who no doubt knows how to run a department smoothly and effectively, The situation is so serious that, strictly speaking, bankruptcy is the only solution. The situation is so serious that perhaps bankruptcy may be the only solution. WITH THE ADVERB TOO GREGG RULE 143a When the adverb too (in the sense of "also") occurs at the end of a clause or a sentence, the comma preceding is omitted. If you feel that way too, why don't we just drop all further negotiation? They are after a bigger share of the market too. GREGG RULE 143b When too (in the sense of "also") occurs elsewhere in the sentence, particularly between subject and verb, set if off with two commas. You, too, could be in the Caribbean right now. Then, too, there are the additional taxes to be considered. GREGG RULE 143c When too is used as an adverb meaning "excessively," it is never set off with commas. The news is almost too good to be believed. WITH INTERRUPTIONS AND AFTERTHOUGHTS GREGG RULE 144 Use commas to set off words, phrases, or clauses that interrupt the flow of a sentence or that are loosely added at the end as an afterthought. She has received, so I was told, a letter of commendation from the mayor. The exhibit contained only modern art, if I remember correctly. Our lighting equipment, you must admit, is most inadequate. His record is outstanding, particularly in the field of electronics. This book is as well written as, though less exciting than, her other books. This course of action is the wisest, if not the most expedient, one under the given circumstances. CAUTION: When enclosing an interrupting expression with two commas, be sure the commas are inserted accurately. WRONG: That is the best, though not the cheapest method, of rebuilding your garage. RIGHT: That is the best, though not the cheapest, method of rebuilding your garage. Compiled by Marla Sharp, RPR, CLR, CCRR, CSR Page 5 of 6
6 WRONG: Glen has a deep interest in, as well as a great fondness, for jazz. RIGHT: Glen has a deep interest in, as well as a great fondness for, jazz. WITH DIRECT ADDRESS GREGG RULE 145 Names and titles used in direct address must be set off by commas. We agree, Mrs. Connolly, that your order was badly handled. No, sir, that is privileged information. I count on your support, Bob. WITH ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS GREGG RULE 146 A phrase introduced by as well as, in addition to, besides, along with. including, accompanied by, together with, plus, or a similar expression should be set off by commas when it falls between the subject and the verb. The trustees, as well as the creditors, approved the refinancing terms. When the phrase occurs elsewhere in the sentence, commas may be omitted if the phrase is closely related to the preceding words. The refinancing terms have been approved by the trustees as well as the creditors. Bur: I attended the international monetary conference in Bermuda, together with fire associates from our Washington office. WITH CONTRASTING EXPRESSIONS GREGG RULE 147 Contrasting expressions should be set off by commas. (Such expressions often begin with but, not, or rather than.) The Sanchezes are willing to sell, but only on their terms. He had changed his methods, not his objectives, we noticed. Paula, rather than Al, has been chosen for the job. NOTE: When such phrases fit smoothly into the flow of the sentence, no commas are required. It was a busy but enjoyable trip. They have chosen Paula rather than Al. Compiled by Marla Sharp, RPR, CLR, CCRR, CSR Page 6 of 6
LINKING WORDS AND PHRASES
STUDENT FLINDERS UNIVERSITY LINKING WORDS AND PHRASES Most pieces of formal writing are organised in a similar way: introduction; development of main s or arguments; conclusion. Linking words and phrases
More informationUnderstanding Clauses and How to Connect Them to Avoid Fragments, Comma Splices, and Fused Sentences A Grammar Help Handout by Abbie Potter Henry
Independent Clauses An independent clause (IC) contains at least one subject and one verb and can stand by itself as a simple sentence. Here are examples of independent clauses. Because these sentences
More informationTransitions between Paragraphs
Transitions between Paragraphs The Writing Lab D204d http://bellevuecollege.edu/asc/writing 425-564-2200 Sometimes an essay seems choppy, as if with each new topic sentence, the writer started the essay
More informationWIAT III Essay Composition: Quick Score for Theme Development and Text Organization
WIAT III Essay Composition: Quick Score for Theme Development and Text Organization The following steps can be used to score most essays quickly and reliably. To ensure accurate scores, however, you must
More informationFour Types of Sentences. Unit 4 Grammar Lesson #2
Possible Type 1s: 1. What is a clause? 2. What is the difference between a clause and a phrase? 3. What are the two types of clauses? What is the different between them? 4. What role does a subordinating
More informationCompound Sentences and Coordination
Compound Sentences and Coordination Mary Westervelt Reference: Ann Hogue (2003) The Essentials of English: A Writer s Handbook. New York, Pearson Education, Inc. When two sentences are combined in a way
More information7.5 Emphatic Verb Tense
Chapter 7 Verb Usage 211 7.5 Emphatic Verb Tense The emphatic tenses of a verb are used to add emphasis. In addition, the emphatic tense can be used with the word not in negative sentences and to form
More informationDirections for Compare and Contrast
for Compare and Contrast To compare is the process of identifying similarities, and to contrast is the process of identifying differences. Please complete the following tasks: 1. Identify at least four
More informationTERMS. Parts of Speech
TERMS Parts of Speech Noun: a word that names a person, place, thing, quality, or idea (examples: Maggie, Alabama, clarinet, satisfaction, socialism). Pronoun: a word used in place of a noun (examples:
More informationhttps://www.msu.edu/~jdowell/135/transw.html
1 of 5 4/15/2014 1:02 PM transitions are phrases or words used to connect one idea to the next transitions are used by the author to help the reader progress from one significant idea to the next transitions
More informationDirections for Narrative, Expository, and Descriptive Essays
for Narrative, Expository, and Descriptive Essays The Parts of an Essay An essay has the same elements as a well-written paragraph. A paragraph has a topic sentence; an essay has a thesis statement. A
More information=Thesis Statement. Mrs. Hagen. Expository Essay Assignment:
Mrs. Hagen Expository Essay Assignment: Values. What do you value? What does your culture value? What does the society or culture that you studied value? The next four weeks will be dedicated to delving
More informationWriting the Persuasive Essay
Writing the Persuasive Essay What is a persuasive/argument essay? In persuasive writing, a writer takes a position FOR or AGAINST an issue and writes to convince the reader to believe or do something Persuasive
More informationRELATIVE CLAUSE: Does it Specify Which One? Or Does it Just Describe the One and Only?
1 RELATIVE CLAUSE: Does it Specify Which One? Or Does it Just Describe the One and Only? 2 Contents INTRODUCTION...3 THEORY...4 The Concept... 4 Specifying Clauses... 4 Describing Clauses... 5 The Rule...
More informationLecture Notes: Sentences
1 English 60 and English 50 Lecture Notes: Sentences Contents: Verbs Subjects Prepositions Compound Sentences Avoiding Run-on Sentences and Comma Splices Complex Sentences Avoiding Fragments 2 VERBS A
More informationDiscourse Markers in English Writing
Discourse Markers in English Writing Li FENG Abstract Many devices, such as reference, substitution, ellipsis, and discourse marker, contribute to a discourse s cohesion and coherence. This paper focuses
More informationArguments and Dialogues
ONE Arguments and Dialogues The three goals of critical argumentation are to identify, analyze, and evaluate arguments. The term argument is used in a special sense, referring to the giving of reasons
More information1. Current situation Describe the problem or opportunity (the need for your proposal).
Generic Grant Outline Always check with the sponsor for specific proposal guidelines (and follow them closely), but also become familiar with the generic proposal structure to better understand what information
More informationCohesive writing 1. Conjunction: linking words What is cohesive writing?
Cohesive writing 1. Conjunction: linking words What is cohesive writing? Cohesive writing is writing which holds together well. It is easy to follow because it uses language effectively to guide the reader.
More informationEvaluating the Elements of a Piece of Practical Writing The author of this friendly letter..
Practical Writing Intermediate Level Scoring Rubric for a Friendly Letter (to be used upon completion of Lesson 4) Evaluating the Elements of a Piece of Practical Writing The author of this friendly letter..
More informationWRITING A CRITICAL ARTICLE REVIEW
WRITING A CRITICAL ARTICLE REVIEW A critical article review briefly describes the content of an article and, more importantly, provides an in-depth analysis and evaluation of its ideas and purpose. The
More information1 Grammar in the Real World
U NIT 31 Adjectives and Adverbs Making a Good Impression 1 Grammar in the Real World A Do you know how to give a presentation? What do you do to prepare? Read the article How many of your ideas are in
More informationRead this syllabus very carefully. If there are any reasons why you cannot comply with what I am requiring, then talk with me about this at once.
LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING PHIL 2020 Maymester Term, 2010 Daily, 9:30-12:15 Peabody Hall, room 105 Text: LOGIC AND RATIONAL THOUGHT by Frank R. Harrison, III Professor: Frank R. Harrison, III Office:
More informationPlanning and Writing Essays
Planning and Writing Essays Many of your coursework assignments will take the form of an essay. This leaflet will give you an overview of the basic stages of planning and writing an academic essay but
More informationCOVER LETTERS & PROFESSIONAL BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE
COVER LETTERS & PROFESSIONAL BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE Your Call To Action Write It Right! Now that you have mastered the art of the resume, it s time to tackle your cover letter. Cover letters are intended
More informationOrganizing an essay the basics 2. Cause and effect essay (shorter version) 3. Compare/contrast essay (shorter version) 4
Organizing an essay the basics 2 Cause and effect essay (shorter version) 3 Compare/contrast essay (shorter version) 4 Exemplification (one version) 5 Argumentation (shorter version) 6-7 Support Go from
More informationWork. Reading 1. C Reading part 1. babysitting badly paid earn gain experience mowing lawns / cutting grass stacking shelves
Work Reading 1 babysitting badly paid earn gain experience mowing lawns / cutting grass stacking shelves Look at the pictures. Which of these jobs would you like / not like to do part-time? What other
More informationTop 2 grammar techniques, and ways to improve
Top 2 grammar techniques, and ways to improve Grammar is the most fundamental concept in languages. Thus, in order to learn a second language successfully, grammar is the most important concepts to be
More informationGrammar Module One: Building Sentences
Grammar Module One: Building Sentences I. Introduction II. The Independent Clause and Simple Sentence III. Avoiding Run-On Sentences and Comma Splices IV. Combining Simple Sentences to Make Compound Sentences
More information50 Tough Interview Questions
You and Your Accomplishments 1. Tell me a little about yourself. 50 Tough Interview Questions Because this is often the opening question, be careful that you don t run off at the mouth. Keep your answer
More informationHow to Take Running Records
Running Records are taken to: guide teaching match readers to appropriate texts document growth overtime note strategies used group and regroup children for instruction How to Take Running Records (adapted
More informationDeveloping an Academic Essay
2 9 In Chapter 1: Writing an academic essay, you were introduced to the concepts of essay prompt, thesis statement and outline. In this chapter, using these concepts and looking at examples, you will obtain
More informationCambridge English: Advanced Speaking Sample test with examiner s comments
Speaking Sample test with examiner s comments This document will help you familiarise yourself with the Speaking test for Cambridge English: Advanced, also known as Certificate in Advanced English (CAE).
More informationUse a comma to separate the elements in a series (three or more things), including the last two.
Commas Serial Commas Use a comma to separate the elements in a series (three or more things), including the last two. Example: "He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and ran to first base." You may have learned
More informationCONNECTORS: USAGE AND MEANING
Douglas College Learning Centre CONNECTORS: USAGE AND MEANING Types of Connectors Connectors show the relationship between the ideas in two clauses. There are 3 kinds of connectors that we use to join
More informationNine Things You Should Already Know About PLAGIARISM
Nine Things You Should Already Know About PLAGIARISM Plus... Six Excuses That Don't Work And... Three Things You Don't Need To Worry About An informational tool brought to you by the Office of the Provost,
More informationWriting = A Dialogue. Part I. They Say
Writing = A Dialogue You come late. When you arrive, others have long preceded you, and they are engaged in a heated discussion, a discussion too heated for them to pause and tell you exactly what it is
More informationGeneric Proposal Structure
Generic Proposal Structure Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Grants at North Dakota State University Contact: MeganEven@ndsuedu Follow us: Facebookcom/AHSSGrantsAtNDSU Twittercom/AHSSGrantsNDSU Becoming
More informationTHE FLATMATES Language point: Adverbs of manner
THE FLATMATES Language point: Adverbs of manner Adverbs of manner You can see this language point online at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/flatmates/episode75/languagepoint.shtml Adverbs
More informationPUNCTUATION PATTERNS
The Nesbitt-Johnston Writing Center Hamilton College Clinton, NY 13323 PUNCTUATION PATTERNS Effective punctuation starts with the writer making informed choices, not with blindly following a set of rules.
More informationHow To Proofread
GRADE 8 English Language Arts Proofreading: Lesson 6 Read aloud to the students the material that is printed in boldface type inside the boxes. Information in regular type inside the boxes and all information
More informationModule 15 Exercise 3 How to use varied and correct sentence structures
Section 1A: Comprehension and Insight skills based on short stories Module 15 Exercise 3 How to use varied and correct sentence structures Before you begin What you need: Related text: Powder by Tobias
More information5544 = 2 2772 = 2 2 1386 = 2 2 2 693. Now we have to find a divisor of 693. We can try 3, and 693 = 3 231,and we keep dividing by 3 to get: 1
MATH 13150: Freshman Seminar Unit 8 1. Prime numbers 1.1. Primes. A number bigger than 1 is called prime if its only divisors are 1 and itself. For example, 3 is prime because the only numbers dividing
More informationStudent s Worksheet. Writing útvary, procvičování
Student s Worksheet Writing útvary, procvičování In a writing exam you are given the instructions including a type of your writing (a letter, a description, a story, an article, an essay, an e-mail etc.)
More informationWriting SET PHRASES FOR WRITING LETTERS. Opening by thanking
Writing SET PHRASES FOR WRITING LETTERS Opening by thanking Thank you for your letter of 22 January in which you We have received your letter of telling us that Thank you for your letter of informing us
More informationSentence Variety. B. Use front loaded, end loaded and balanced sentences to vary rhythm and create emphasis.
Created for Owens Community College Writing Center 1 Sentence Variety Adding sentence variety to your writing will do three things: enhance the flow of ideas, intensify points, and sustain the interest
More information2. PRINCIPLES IN USING CONJUNCTIONS. Conjunction is a word which is used to link or join words, phrases, or clauses.
2. PRINCIPLES IN USING CONJUNCTIONS 2.1 Definition of Conjunctions Conjunction is a word which is used to link or join words, phrases, or clauses. In a sentence, most of conjunctions are from another parts
More informationPunctuation. Skills Team, University of Hull
Punctuation Skills Team, University of Hull Why use it? A handy list of punctuation marks with examples of their use A rough guide to commas, their use and misuse The colon The semi-colon Avoiding run-on
More information1) The subject. The man walked down the street. 2) A participle (word ending in ing or ed) Walking up the street, he tripped.
1) The subject The man walked down the street. 2) A participle (word ending in ing or ed) Walking up the street, he tripped. Worried about tripping, he bumped into his wife. 3) A connective As she walked,
More informationNews Writing: Lead Paragraphs
HFCC Learning Lab Lead Paragraphs, 5:17 News Writing: Lead Paragraphs The most important paragraphs in a news story are the paragraphs that make up what is known as the lead group or the introduction to
More informationThe dispute is about the sale of a payment protection insurance (PPI) policy in connection with a credit card account with the firm in April 2007.
FINAL DECISION complaint by: Mr E complaint about: the firm complaint reference: date of decision: April 2009 This final decision is issued by me, Robert Short, an ombudsman with the Financial Ombudsman
More informationWriting Thesis Defense Papers
Writing Thesis Defense Papers The point of these papers is for you to explain and defend a thesis of your own critically analyzing the reasoning offered in support of a claim made by one of the philosophers
More informationSelf-directed learning: managing yourself and your working relationships
ASSERTIVENESS AND CONFLICT In this chapter we shall look at two topics in which the ability to be aware of and to manage what is going on within yourself is deeply connected to your ability to interact
More informationNew York Law Journal. Friday, January 6, 2006
New York Law Journal Friday, January 6, 2006 HEADLINE: BYLINE: Trial Advocacy, Impeachment With a Prior Inconsistent Statement Ben B. Rubinowitz and Evan Torgan BODY: One of the most exhilarating parts
More information36 TOUGH INTERVIEW QUESTIONS And ways to structure the responses
1 36 TOUGH INTERVIEW QUESTIONS And ways to structure the responses (Management specific questions start with question 30) 1. Tell me about yourself Frame it: Describe how you are today vs. a long story
More informationCustomer Service Training 101, Second Edition By Renee Evenson
Excerpt from: Customer Service Training 101, Second Edition By Renee Evenson Chapter One Taking Your First Steps: The Basics Always remember, the customer is the reason you have a job. What has happened
More informationASYLUM AND IMMIGRATION TRIBUNAL
ST (s92(4)(a): meaning of has made ) Turkey [2007] UKAIT 00085 ASYLUM AND IMMIGRATION TRIBUNAL THE IMMIGRATION ACTS Heard at: Field House Date of Hearing: 15 May 2007 Before: Mr C M G Ockelton, Deputy
More informationRethinking the relationship between transitive and intransitive verbs
Rethinking the relationship between transitive and intransitive verbs Students with whom I have studied grammar will remember my frustration at the idea that linking verbs can be intransitive. Nonsense!
More informationElements of Writing Instruction I
Elements of Writing Instruction I Purpose of this session: 1. To demystify the goals for any writing program by clearly defining goals for children at all levels. 2. To encourage parents that they can
More informationRhetorical Grammar for Expository Reading and Writing
Rhetorical Grammar for Expository Reading and Writing Developed by Roberta Ching STUDENT VERSION MODULE 8: JUVENILE JUSTICE Strengthening Verbs and Using Adverbial Clauses Activity 1 Guided Composition
More information1/9. Locke 1: Critique of Innate Ideas
1/9 Locke 1: Critique of Innate Ideas This week we are going to begin looking at a new area by turning our attention to the work of John Locke, who is probably the most famous English philosopher of all
More informationInformation for Parents and Students
Information for Parents and Students CONTENTS Welcome... 3 Obtaining entry into medicine... 4 What should I do now? Three years from completing high school... 8 Two years from completing high school...
More informationRevising and Editing Your Essay 1
Revising and Editing Your Essay 1 Revising and editing are two distinct processes. Revising is intentionally looking at ways of improving your essay. Editing is correcting the mechanics of your essay like
More informationRecruiters Guide. Contents
Recruiters Guide Are you a small company that needs advice and assistance with creating a recruitment advertisement? Our guide is designed to help you avoid mistakes, save time and attract the most suitable
More informationOutline. Written Communication Conveying Scientific Information Effectively. Objective of (Scientific) Writing
Written Communication Conveying Scientific Information Effectively Marie Davidian davidian@stat.ncsu.edu http://www.stat.ncsu.edu/ davidian. Outline Objectives of (scientific) writing Important issues
More informationCollege Readiness Initiative
College Readiness Initiative In this tutorial, you will learn about Complex And Compound-Complex Sentences Complex Sentences A complex sentence is a sentence with an independent clause and at least one
More informationAdjective, Adverb, Noun Clauses. Gerund,Participial and Infinitive Phrases. English Department
Adjective, Adverb, Noun Clauses Gerund,Participial and Infinitive Phrases Jafar Asgari English Department Kashan University of Medical Sciences Structure of Complex Sentences Every Complex sentence is
More informationPartnership Form of Organization
Partnership Form of Organization A partnership is an association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners of a business for profit. Partnerships are sometimes used in small retail, service, or manufacturing
More informationHow to write in plain English
How to write in plain English Copyright Plain English Campaign owns the copyright to this guide. You are welcome to print out any of our guides or save them to disk for your own use. You may not photocopy
More informationWriting an Introductory Paragraph for an Expository Essay
Handout 27 (1 of 1) Writing an Introductory Paragraph for an Expository Essay Prompt Read the following: If you re like many Americans, you have just spent a few days in close quarters with your parents,
More informationEnglish for Academic Skills Independence [EASI]
English for Academic Skills Independence [EASI] Session 5 Grammar Quiz Quick question from Session 4 If a simple sentence has one independent clause, how do you define a compound sentence? Grammar: two
More informationTEN RULES OF GRAMMAR AND USAGE THAT YOU SHOULD KNOW
TEN RULES OF GRAMMAR AND USAGE THAT YOU SHOULD KNOW 2003 The Writing Center at GULC. All rights reserved. The following are ten of the most common grammar and usage errors that law students make in their
More informationTIPS TO HELP YOU PREPARE FOR A SUCCESSFUL INTERVIEW
TIPS TO HELP YOU PREPARE FOR A SUCCESSFUL INTERVIEW Preparing for the Interview RESEARCH Don t forget to research the organization/company before the interview. Learn what you can about the workplace prior
More informationPresentations Phrases Prepositions Pairwork Student A Choose one of the sections below and read out one of the example sentences with a gap or noise
Presentations Phrases Prepositions Pairwork Student A Choose one of the sections below and read out one of the example sentences with a gap or noise instead of the preposition. Your partner can guess the
More informationGrade 8 English Language Arts 90 Reading and Responding, Lesson 9
GRADE 8 English Language Arts Reading and Responding: Lesson 9 Read aloud to the students the material that is printed in boldface type inside the boxes. Information in regular type inside the boxes and
More informationActive Listening. Learning Objectives. By the end of this module, the learner will have
1 Active Listening Learning Objectives By the end of this module, the learner will have An understanding of what is meant by active listening Gained insight into your natural listening strengths and areas
More informationReports on Audited Financial Statements
Reports on Audited Financial Statements 2149 AU Section 508 * Reports on Audited Financial Statements (Supersedes sections 505, 509, 542, 545, and 546.) Source: SAS No. 58; SAS No. 64; SAS No. 79; SAS
More information> JOB APPLICATION IN GERMANY Application for internships and the career entry
> JOB APPLICATION IN GERMANY Application for internships and the career entry CDC CAREER INFO 01 > JOB APPLICATION IN GERMANY A written job application consists of a cover letter, a curriculum vitae (CV)
More informationaccel team jobs depend on it
Advancing employee productivity accel team jobs depend on it Supervisory guides to performance improvement PLANNING EMPLOYEE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Developing a process that will meet the goals of the
More informationRead Item 1, entitled New York, When to Go and Getting There, on page 2 of the insert. You are being asked to distinguish between fact and opinion.
GCSE Bitesize Specimen Papers ENGLISH Paper 1 Tier H (Higher) Mark Scheme Section A: Reading This section is marked out of 27. Responses to this section should show the writer can 1. understand texts and
More informationWhy do we need a theme?
2009-2010 Yearbook What is a yearbook? A memory book A reference book Make sure we have EVERYONE at LEAST once in the book. Check spelling of the name multiple times A history book Remember, we are history
More informationLaying the Foundation English Diagnostic Activity Comparison/Contrast Grade 7 KEY
Multiple Choice Activity Mother to Son and Fear Answer Section 1. ANS: D The correct answer is choice D. The colon introduces the advice the mother is going to offer the son. She offers this advice in
More informationSEPAP GUIDELINES THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS - PAN AMERICAN STAFF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL PROGRAM COMPILED BY THE OFFICE OF HUMAN RESOURCES
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS - PAN AMERICAN SEPAP STAFF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL PROGRAM GUIDELINES COMPILED BY THE OFFICE OF HUMAN RESOURCES Rev. 5/15/2008 Comments or Suggestions: http://dba.panam.edu/forms/feedback.html
More informationMEMORANDUM 1. Does a homeowner have a defense to using deadly force upon an intruder under
MEMORANDUM 1 TO: From: Senior Partner 1 st Year Associate Date: September 10, 2002 Re: Sally Grund s Case QUESTIONS PRESENTED 2 : Does a homeowner have a defense to using deadly force upon an intruder
More informationPOLITE ENGLISH. Giving advice FREE ON-LINE COURSE. Lesson 2: version without a key SZKOLENIA JĘZYKOWE DLA FIRM ZREALIZUJEMY TWÓJ CEL!
POLITE ENGLISH FREE ON-LINE COURSE Lesson 2: Giving advice version without a key WARM UP THINK Do you like giving advice? Do you often ask for advice? WATCH OUT! Do you know the difference between: ADVICE
More informationThinking about College? A Student Preparation Toolkit
Thinking about College? A Student Preparation Toolkit Think Differently About College Seeking Success If you are like the millions of other people who are thinking about entering college you are probably
More informationPUSD High Frequency Word List
PUSD High Frequency Word List For Reading and Spelling Grades K-5 High Frequency or instant words are important because: 1. You can t read a sentence or a paragraph without knowing at least the most common.
More informationThe structure of the English Sentence
The structure of the English Sentence In this first part of the grammar you are going to review the most common structures in English. In addition, you will study some structures that differ from the normal
More informationTime, tense, and aspect
Time, tense, and aspect Tense is a term that refers to the way verbs change their form in order to indicate at which time a situation occurs or an event takes place. For finite verb phrases, English has
More informationSP500 September 2011 Outlook
SP500 September 2011 Outlook This document is designed to provide the trader and investor of the Standard and Poor s 500 with an overview of the seasonal tendency as well as the current cyclic pattern
More informationCash Flow Exclusive / September 2015
Ralf Bieler Co-Founder, President, CEO Cash Flow Exclusive, LLC My 2 Cents on The Best Zero-Cost Strategy to Improve Your Business To achieve better business results you don t necessarily need to have
More information5 Paragraph Essay Organization. ACTS, MEL-Con, and STAC
5 Paragraph ssay Organization ACTS, M-Con, STAC Paragraph #1 The Introduction Attention Grabber: Introduce the topic of your essay in a strong opening statement. Connector: Transition the reader from your
More informationWriting Essays. SAS 25 W11 Karen Kostan, Margaret Swisher
Writing Essays A GOOD ESSAY CONTAINS: 1. An introductory paragraph 2. A clear thesis statement 3. A body consisting of supporting paragraphs 4. A concluding paragraph Step 1: Review Assignment Read the
More informationON APPLYING TO GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PSYCHOLOGY *
ON APPLYING TO GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PSYCHOLOGY * Admission to a graduate program in psychology can be quite competitive. High quality programs are, of course, more competitive than lower quality programs.
More informationWriting an essay. This seems obvious - but it is surprising how many people don't really do this.
Writing an essay Look back If this is not your first essay, take a look at your previous one. Did your tutor make any suggestions that you need to bear in mind for this essay? Did you learn anything else
More informationAPPENDIX A. An example of what one church has done St Philip s Penn Fields.
Vision Statements 1. Mission statements, vision statements, strap lines, slogans, mottos. Even looking at the range of possibilities is confusing and makes some want to give up. Don t. Here are some resources
More informationClauses and Phrases. For Proper Sentence Structure
Clauses and Phrases For Proper Sentence Structure Purpose: Writing is the primary basis upon which your work, your learning, and your intellect will be judged in college, in the workplace, and in the community.
More informationThey Say, I Say: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing
They Say, I Say: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein ENTERING THE CONVERSATION Many Americans assume that Others more complicated: On the one hand,. On the other
More informationPart I Building Blocks: Clauses, Commas, & Sentence Structure. Prepared by Diane Wyant UNC-CH School of Social Work
Grammar and Writing Mechanics Review Part I Building Blocks: Clauses, Commas, & Sentence Structure Prepared by Diane Wyant UNC-CH School of Social Work The Writer s Mantra: It s all about the reader It
More informationSAMPLE CASE STUDIES FOR PGDBA(HR)/PGDHRM
SAMPLE CASE STUDIES FOR PGDBA(HR)/PGDHRM Case Study 1 Satish was a Sales Manager for Industrial Products Company in City branch. A week ago, he was promoted and shifted to Head Office as Deputy Manager
More information