The Baroque in Italy,

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Augusta Holt
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1 The Baroque in Italy,

2 Europe in the 17 th Century 2

3 Goals Understand the influence of the Roman Catholic Church on art and architecture in 17 th century Italy and Spain Recall hallmark formal devices used by Baroque artists and architects Identify representative Baroque artists and their works Identify representative Baroque architects and their works Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period 3

4 24.1 Baroque Art Recognize the distinctive characteristics of the Baroque style Identify representative Baroque artists and their works Identify representative Baroque architects and their works Compare and contrast the work of Italian and Spanish Baroque painters Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period 4

5 Characteristics of Baroque Art in Italy Theatrical lighting

6 Realistic People (unidealized)

7 Focus on the dramatic moment

8 Figure ANNIBALE CARRACCI, Flight into Egypt, Oil on canvas, 4 x 7 6. Galleria Doria Pamphili, Rome. 8

9 Figure ANNIBALE CARRACCI, Loves of the Gods, ceiling frescoes in the gallery, Palazzo Farnese, Rome, Italy,

11 Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio

12 Figure CARAVAGGIO, Calling of Saint Matthew, ca Oil on canvas, 11 1 x Contarelli Chapel, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome 12

15 Where have you seen this hand before?

18 Caravaggio, The Conversion of Saint Paul, ca. 1601, oil on canvas, 7 6 x 5 9

19 The Conversion of Saint Paul A major conversion Saul (Saint Paul s name before becoming a Christian) was a zealous persecutor of the early Christians He was on the road to Damascus on his way to make some more arrests A blinding light and the voice of Christ: Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?

20 Blindness, healing, and conversion Becomes one of the most important Christian leaders He wrote the most books in the New Testament (epistles to the early churches ex. Romans, Corinthians, Galatians)

21 Caravaggio, The Conversion of Saint Paul, ca. 1601, oil on canvas, 7 6 x 5 9

22 Figure CARAVAGGIO, Entombment, from the chapel of Pietro Vittrice, Santa Maria in Vallicella, Rome, Italy, ca Oil on canvas, /8 x /16. Musei Vaticani, Rome. 22

23 The Death of the Virgin

25 Caravaggio, Judith Beheading Holofernes, ca. 1598

29 Caravaggio, Doubting Thomas

30 Caravaggio, Supper at Emmaus

34 The Entombment

37 Some other Entombments

38 Albrecht Altdorfer

39 Fra Angelico

40 Donatello

41 Albrecht Durer

42 Giotto

43 El Greco

44 Michelangelo

45 Raphael

46 Simone Martini

47 Tintoretto

48 Rogier van der Weyden

49 Artemisia Gentileschi A Caravaggista

50 Artemisia Gentileschi, Suzanna and the Elders, 1610, oil on canvas

51 Figure ARTEMISIA GENTILESCHI, Judith Slaying Holofernes, ca Oil on canvas, 6 6 1/3 x 5 4. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence. 51

54 Artemisia Gentileschi, Judith Beheading Holofernes

56 Judith and her Maidservant

57 Self-portrait

58 Other Italian Baroque Painters OVER THE TOP SPECTACULAR THEATRICAL

59 Figure PIETRO DA CORTONA, Triumph of the Barberini, ceiling fresco in the Gran Salone, Palazzo Barberini, Rome, Italy,

60 Figure GIOVANNI BATTISTA GAULLI, Triumph of the Name of Jesus, ceiling fresco with stucco figures in the nave vault of Il Gesù, Rome, Italy,

61 Figure FRA ANDREA POZZO, Glorification of Saint Ignatius, ceiling fresco in the nave of Sant Ignazio, Rome, Italy,

62 Bernini

63 Bernini, Apollo and Daphne

68 Bernini, David

69 Figure 24-7 GIANLORENZO BERNINI, David, Marble, 5 7 high. Galleria Borghese, Rome. 69

74 Figure 24-1 GIANLORENZO BERNINI, inerior of the Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della vittoria, Rome, Italy,

75 Figure 24-8 GIANLORENZO BERNINI, Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome, Italy, Marble, height of group

78 Rape of Proserpina,

87 Who Dat? Giovanni da Bologna, Abduction of the Sabine Women, , Mannerist

89 Italian Baroque Architecture

90 Important Mannerist Antecedent Figure GIACOMO DELLA PORTA, facade of Il Gesù, Rome, Italy, ca

91 Figure GIACOMO DA VIGNOLA, plan of Il Gesù, Rome, Italy, (1) dome, (2) nave, (3) chapel. 91

92 Figure 24-2 CARLO MADERNO, facade of Santa Susanna, Rome, Italy,

93 Figure 24-9 FRANCESCO BORROMINI, facade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome, Italy,

94 Figure FRANCESCO BORROMINI, plan of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome, Italy,

95 Figure FRANCESCO BORROMINI, San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane (view into dome), Rome, Italy,

96 Figure FRANCESCO BORROMINI, Chapel of Saint Ivo, College of the Sapienza, Rome, Italy, begun

97 Figure FRANCESCO BORROMINI, plan of the Chapel of Saint Ivo, College of the Sapienza, Rome, Italy, begun

98 Figure FRANCESCO BORROMINI, Chapel of Saint Ivo (view 98

100 2 Figure DONATO D ANGELO BRAMANTE, plan for the new Saint Peter s, the Vatican, Rome, Italy, (1)dome, (2) apse

101 Figure CHRISTOFORO FOPPA CARADOSSO, medal showing Bramante s design for the new Saint Peter s, Bronze, 2 1/4 diameter. British Museum 101

102 Figure MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI, plan for Saint Peter s, Vatican City, Rome, Italy, (1) dome, (2) apse, (3) portico. 102

103 Figure MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI, Saint Peter s (looking northeast???), Vatican City, Rome, Italy, Dome completed by GIACOMO DELLA PORTA,

104 Figure 24-3 CARLO MADERNO, facade of Saint Peter s, Vatican City, Rome, Italy,

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106 Figure 24-4 Aerial view of Saint Peter s, Vatican City, Rome, Italy. Piazza designed by GIANLORENZO BERNINI,

107 Figure 24-4 alternate view Aerial view of Saint Peter s, Vatican City, Rome, Italy,

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111 Bernini s contributions to the Interior of St. Peter s

112 Figure 24-5 GIANLORENZO BERNINI, baldacchino, Saint Peter s, Vatican City, Rome, Italy, Gilded bronze, 100 high. 112

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116 Figure 24-6 GIANLORENZO BERNINI, Scala Regia (Royal Stairway), Vatican City, Rome, Italy,

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118 Scala Regia

119 St. Longinus (in one of the crossing piers)

120 Statue of Constantine

121 Throne of St. Peter

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127 The Baroque in Spain,

128 Figure JOSÉ DE RIBERA, Martyrdom of Saint Bartholomew, ca Oil on canvas, 7 8 x 7 8. Museo del Prado, Madrid. 128

129 Figure FRANCISCO DE ZURBARÁN, Saint Serapion, Oil on canvas, /2 x 3 4 3/4. Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford (The Ella Gallup Sumner and Mary Catlin Sumner Collection Fund). 129

130 Diego Velazquez

131 Figure DIEGO VELÁZQUEZ, Water Carrier of Seville, ca Oil on canvas, 3 5 1/2 x 2 7 1/2. Victoria & Albert Museum, London. 131

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135 His First painting of Philip IV

136 Queen Isabel

137 Equestrian Portrait of Philip IV

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139 Baltasar Carlos on Horseback

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141 Queen Doña Mariana of Austria

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144 Figure DIEGO VELÁZQUEZ, Surrender of Breda, Oil on canvas, 10 1 x 12 1/2. Museo del Prado, Madrid. 144

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149 The Dwarf Sebastian de Morra

150 The Buffoon Pablo de Valladolid

151 The Rokeby Venus

152 Juan de Parja

153 Pope Innocent X

154 Figure DIEGO VELÁZQUEZ, Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), Oil on canvas, approx x 9. Museo del Prado, Madrid. 154

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162 Figure DIEGO VELÁZQUEZ, King Philip IV of Spain (Fraga Philip), Oil on canvas, 4 3 1/8 x 3 3 1/8. The Frick Collection, New York. 162

Baroque Architecture. Arch 225

Baroque Architecture. Arch 225 Baroque Architecture Arch 225 Baroque Architecture is the building style of the Baroque era, begun in late 16th-century Italy, that took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in