(Brinton et al.,1987; Everson,1981; Montu et al.,1990; Priddle et al.,1988 ) , (Brinton,1977; Ross & Quetin,1989 ),,

Transcription

1 5 4 ( ) Vol.5, No ANTARCTIC RESEARCH (CHINESE EDITION ) December 1993 (, ) 1989g g1991, (Euphausia superba Dana ) g1000 3,2 162 g1000 3, g (3 ) g2, I g, 1991,2 g3, I g ( ,, ) ( SiN ig N i), (Euphausia superba Dana ) (Brinton et al.,1987; Everson,1981; Montu et al.,1990; Priddle et al.,1988 ) ( ) ( ),,, (Brinton,1977; Ross & Quetin,1989 ),,,,, (Brinton,1985; Brinton et al.,1987; Fraser,1936; Hempel,1981,1985; Hempel & Hempel, 1986; Makarov,1989; Wang,1991, ) (Marr,1962; Hempel & Hempel,1986; Wang,1991 ) BIOMASS (Bilological Investigation of Marine Antarctic Systems and Stocks, ),,,,, ( Ikeda,1984,1985,1987; Ross & Quetin,1989 ), BIOMASS S,58 -

2 4 : E 23 (Hosie & Kirkwood,1986 ) 4 (Miller,1986 ) 1985 SIBEX2g (BIOMASS ) (Hosie,1991 ) 60 S E 50 ( ), (CNARE 2g, ) (CNARE 2g, ) 62 S, 64 E 108 E, CNARE 2g, , CNARE 2g, (14 ), 1-11 (,1993 ) 80 ( 330 ), 200 General Oceanics CNARE 2g, (high 2speed plankton sampler), 14, 30, 10 5%, Fraser (1936) (1965) (nauplius ), (metanauplius ), (calyptopis ) (furcilia), 2, N 1 N 2, MN, 3, C 1, C 2, C 3, 6, F 1, F 2, F 6 CTD,, a, 1. CNARE 2g I 1 7 8,6 ( 1), I27 7 g C 1; I23,, 44 g1000 3, C 2 (53% ), C 1 C 3 ( 2) 6 (B21, B 22, B23, B 24, B 25, B 26), ,, (Euphausia crystallorophias )

3 42 ( ) 5 1 CNARE 2g Fig.1. Distribution and density (ind. g1000m 3 )of larvae of Euphausia superba in CNARE 2g. 2 CNARE 2g C 1, C 2, C 3, F 1, F 2, F 3, F 4 100% Fig.2. Larval stage composition (% ) of Euphausia superba at different stations in CNARE 2g, area of esch histogram =100%, from left to right reprecent C1, C2, C3, F1, F2, F3, and F4. g, g I 39, 15 7, 161 g1000 3, g 24, 460 g S C 1, C 2;67 S C 1, C 2 C 3 g S 3 (g 23, g 24, g 25), g 24, g1000 3,

4 4 : g1000 3, , CNARE 2g 3 CNARE 2g, Fig.3. Distribution and density ( ind. g1000m 3 ) of larvae of Euphausia superba in CNARE 2g. Black circles from samples by zooplankton net; shaded circles from samples by high 2speed zooplankton sampler. 4 CNARE 2g C 1, C 2, C 3, F 1, F 2, F 3, F 4 100% Fig.4. Larval stage composition (% ) of Euphausia superba at different stations in CNARE 2g, area of each histogram =100%, from left to right reprecent C1, C2, C3, F1, F2, F3 and F4. 2. CNARE 2g,, ( ),, 108 E (200 ), ( 3),, 69 g1000 3, 280 g1000 3, C 1 F 4 7,

5 62 ( ) 5, C 1, C 2, C 3 F 1, F 2 F 3, F 4 F 5, ( 4), 22,,,, 9, 88 g (321 ), S 10 7 ( 4 ) 66 S 2, R 2 R 3, g ( 3 2 ), R 2, C 2> C 3> C 1, F 1, F 2 F 4, R 3,, C 2 2g3 (Hosie & Kirkwood,1986; Miller & Hampton,1989; Hosie,1991 ),,, 3 CNARE 2g (1990 ) 1 26 g ;2, 162 g ; g1000 3,, g CNARE 2g (1991) 1 69 g 3,3 ( ) 1698 g , Hampel (1985) Scotia : ( ) , ,, Hosie 1 2,,1 2, 2 (,1993, ), C 1, Ross (1988 ) 24 (0 ) Ross & Quetin (1989), (0 ), 3 ( ) Ikeda (1984) 30,,65 S CNARE 2g 4,, ( 1), CNARE 2 g ( 3),,

6 4 : E,73 E 98 E 3 (62 S),, 5 CNARE 2g ( ) Fig.5. Contours of mean stage index ( see text ) of larvae of Euphausia superba in CNARE 2g. 7, C 1, C 2, C 3, F 1, F 2, F 3, F 4 N 1, N 2 MN, F 5 F 6,, CNARE 2g (55 ), CNARE 2g, (14 ), 1,2, 7 C 1 F 4 7 (Si), (S) S= SiN i N i N i 5 1.5, C 1 C 2 C 1, 5 1 5, ( ) 64 S,,,,, F 1, 63 ( Ikeda,1984 ), 11 Hosie (1991) 11, 64 S (Smith et al., , , ),, 1.07

7 82 ( ) 5, ( ), Ross et al. (1988), -1, -1 CNARE 2g,, CNARE 2g ( ),, (55 ), ( ) 1991 (CNARE 2g 4 CNARE 2g 3,4,5 ), S, 8, (7 g ) S 8 1 CNARE-g CNARE-g,, a T ( ) Table 1. Comparison of some parameters in CNARE 2g and in CNARE 2g. S (10-3 ) chla (Λggdm 3 ) cells(x10 3 gdm 3 ) T ( ) S (10-3 ) chla (Λggdm 3 ) cells (x10 3 gdm 3 ) 63 S S S S ,,, 1990 I I24, I26, I27, I ,3 24, 323,3 22, ( ) ;, , ,,, , a,,,,, SIBEX2II (1985) CTD 19,20,21,22 CNARE 2g 322,3 23,3 24,3 25 ( ),,, 63 S 66 S 0.77 (7 ),0.76 (10 ),0.88 (26 ),1.12 (20 ) ( ),, , 1991 ( ) 1g3, (3 2-3 ),,,, ( 2 2 ),

8 4 : E 90 E ( IA), (PF ) 0 (NE -0 ) (PF NE -0 Nagata et al ) Fig.6. Inter2annual variations in ice cover (60-90 E)( IA), the position of Polar Front (PF ) and the position of the northernmost 0 isotherm (NE -0 ) in (PF and NE -0 after Nagata 1988) E 90 E ( ) Fig.7. Seasonal changes in ice cover (mean of ) in sector of E. Priddle et al. (1988) (shift of polar frontal zone),, 1989g g , (Nagata et al.,1988 ) 22 4, 3, 0 ( ) (,1991, ) E 1 ( 6),,,, ( ) ( ) 6,,

9 03 ( ) 5, 73.5%,? Hosie et al. (1988), (Ivanov, 1970, Siegel,1986 ),, (post 2lavae) 3. 4%,, 2, ( ) 3 :3,, I,,, Ross & Quetin (1989 ) (point 2of2no2return ) 3, (,1991 ) 60 E 90 E ( 7), km 2 ; km 2, 64 S 64 S,, Ross et al. (1988) -1,0,1 2,, MN C 1-1 3,, (1993) :, ( ),Vol.5, No.4, Brin ton, E. (1985) : The oceanographic structure of the Eastern Scotia Sea2ggġ distributions of euphausiid species and their developmental stages in 1981 in relation to hydrography,deep 2Sea Res.,32 (10), Brin ton, E., et al. (1987) : Variability of Euphausia superba populations near Elephant Island and the South Shetlands,1981 vs.1984, Polar Biol.,7, Ever son, İ ( 1988 ) : Can we satisfactorily estimate variation in krill abundance? In: Antarctic Ocean and Resources Variability Ed. by Sahrhage,D., Fras er, F. C. (1936 ) : On the development and distribution of the young stages of krill (Euphausia superba ), Discovery Reports,14, Hemp el, İ (1981) : Euphausiid larvae in the Scotia Sea and adjacent waters in summer 1977g78, Meeresforschung,29, Hemp el, İ (1985) : Vertical distribution of larvae of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, In: Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Web, Hemp el, G. (1985) : Variation in geographical distribution and abundance of larvae of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, In: Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Web, Hemp el, İ and Hempel, G. (1986) : Feild observations on the developmental ascent of larval Euphausia superba (Crustacea ), Polar Biol.,6, Hosie, G. W. and Kirkwood, J. M. (1986) : Euphausiid larvae collected from the Prydz Bay region during the nella dan cruise (SIBEX I),Mem. Natl. Inst. Polar Res.,40, Hosie, G. W., Ikeda, T. and Stolp, M. ( 1988 ) : Distribution, abundance and population structure of the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana ) in the Prydz Bay region,antarctica, Polar Biol.,8, Hosie, G. W. ( 1991 ) : Distribution and abundance of Euphausiid larvae in the Prydz Bay region, Antarctica, Antarctic Science,3 (2), Ikeda, T. (1984) : Development of the larvae of the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana ) observed in the laboratory, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.,75,

10 4 : 13 Ikeda, T. (1985) : Metabolic rate and elemental composition (C and N ) of embryos and non2feeding early larval stages of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana ), J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.,90, Ikeda, T. (1987) :Mature Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana ) grown form eggs in the laboratory, Journal of Plankton Res.,9 (3), Ivanov, B. G. (1970) : On the biology of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba,marine Biol.,7, Maka rov, R. R. ( 1983 ) : Some problems in the investigation of larval euphausiids in the Antarctic, Berichte Zur Polarforschung Sonderheft,4, Marr, J. (1962) : The natural history and geography of the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana ), Discovery Reports, 32, Mill er, D. G. M. (1986) : Results from biological investigations of krill (Euphausia superba ) in the Southern Indian Ocean during SIBEX I,Memorirs of the National Institute of Polar Research,40, Mill er, D. G. M. and Hampton, İ (1989): Biology and ecology of the Antarctic krill, BIOMASS Scientific Series,9, Mont u,m., Fernandes, L. F. L. de Oliveira, İ R. and Cordeiro, T. A. ( 1990 ) : Populacoes de eufausidos da regiao do estreito de bransfield e adjacencias:1. Expedcao Antarica Brasileira, Verao (2. fase), Neritca, Pontal do Sul, PR.5, Naga ta, Y., Michida, Y. and Umimura, Y. (1988) : Variation of positions and structures of the oceanic fronts in the indian Ocean Sector of the Southern Ocean in the period from 1965 to 1987, In: Antarctic Ocean and Resources Variability, Ed. by Sahrhage D., Prid dle, J. et al. (1988) : Large 2scale fluctuations in distribution and abundance of krill- A discussion of possible causes, In: Antarctic Ocean and Resources Variability, Ed. by Sahrhage, D., Ross, R. M. et al. (1988) : Effect of temperature on developmental times and survival of early larval stages of Euphausia superba Dana, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.,121 (1), Ross, R. M. and Langdon B. Q. (1989) : Energitic cost to develop to the first feeding stage of Euphausia superba Dana and the effect of delays in food availability, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.,133, Smith, W. O., Keene, N. K. and Comiso, J. C. ( 1984 ) : Interannual variability in estimated primary productivity of the Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone. In: Antarctic Ocean and Resources Variability, Ed. by Sahrhage, D., Wang, R. (1989) : Distribution and abundance of eggs and larvae of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana ) in Antarctic Peninsula area, Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol.,7 (2), DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF LARVAE OF ANTARCTIC KRILL(EUPHAUSIA SUPERBA DANA) IN THE PRYDZ BAY REGION, INDIANOCEANSECTOR OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN Wang Rong, Zhong Xuefeng ( Institute of Oceanology,Academia Sinica,Qingdao , China ) Abstract During the austral summer of 1989g1990 and 1990g1991 net samplling survey was carried out on the distribution and abundance of larvae of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana ) in the Prydz Bay region. In 1990, the average density of larvae in January was 26 ind. g1000m 3, increased to 162 ind. g1000m 3 in February, reached to ind. g1000m 3 in January and 1698 ind. g1000m 3 ( surface sampling by high 2speed plankton sampler ) in March. The peak abundance of krill larvae seems to occur in March. Annual fluctuation in distribution and abundance of larvae was evident. In 1990 only 1g2 of the hauls were positive, most of the larvae were calyptopis I and II and no furcilias were found. Larvae were more abundant in 1991, about 2g3 of the hauls were positive and furcilia I- g widely distributed in the open area. This fluctuation can be attributed to the difference of the water temperature of the two years. The surface temperature at the same latitute in January was much higher ( ) in 1991 than in The geographical distribution of the average developmental stages ( SiN ig N i) showed that older larvae occured to the north and the younger to the south. Key words larvae,antarctic krill, Prydz Bay.