The Middle Market Power Index: Fueling The Nation s Economic Growth

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1 The Middle Market Power Index: Fueling The Nation s Economic Growth Continuing a collaboration that began in 2015, American Express and Dun & Bradstreet in an effort to increase public understanding of the vital role that middle market enterprises (firms with between $10 million and $1 billion in revenues) are playing in the American economy offer this analysis of the current state of middle market firms. This fifth report in the Middle Market Power Index series explores the current characteristics and economic contributions of middle market firms, focusing on growth trends over the past five years from March 2011 to March Subsequent reports in this series will provide a deeper look at the industry sectors home to middle market firms, trends seen in diverse middle market enterprises, and a closer look at the geographic aspects of middle market firm growth. MIDDLE MARKET FIRMS IN 2016 MIDDLE MARKET FIRMS MAKE AN OUTSIZED CONTRIBUTION TO THE U.S. ECONOMY: Despite comprising just 1% of commercially active firms in the country, they contribute one in four dollars in firm revenues and employ one in four workers. MIDDLE MARKET FIRMS HAVE LED THE WAY IN ECONOMIC GROWTH OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS: While the total number of commercially active firms has declined since 2011, 1 the number of middle market firms has nearly doubled, and their revenues and employment have doubled as well. Indeed, 53% of the net new jobs created since 2011 has come from middle market firms. WHILE FOUND IN ALL INDUSTRIES, MANUFACTURING AND TRADE ARE MIDDLE MARKET SWEET SPOTS: Over one in three middle market firms are in these sectors, compared to less than one in ten of all firms. THOUGH LOCATED ACROSS THE COUNTRY, TEN STATES (SIX ON THE GREAT LAKES) ARE HOME TO A GREATER THAN AVERAGE SHARE OF MIDDLE MARKET FIRMS: Middle market firms are more likely than average to be found in Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Wisconsin plus the District of Columbia. WHAT ABOUT SMALL FIRMS THAT ARE GROWING CLOSER TO THE MIDDLE MARKET? Nearly one million small businesses have topped $1 million in annual revenues, bringing them closer to the middle market. It is worth noting that these firms are more likely than firms in any other size group to be women- or minority-owned. 1 This decline is due both to firm closures and to the cessation or diminution of business activity without closure, which would drop the firm from Dun & Bradstreet s database of marketable, commercially active firms but not necessarily from government tax records. Middle Market Power Index, June

2 Key Findings: MIDDLE MARKET FIRMS ARE PUNCHING ABOVE THEIR WEIGHT While comprising less than 1% of commercially active firms in the U.S., middle market firms employ over one in four private sector workers and account for one-quarter of private sector business revenues. Percent of... MIDDLE MARKET FIRMS MAKE AN OUTSIZED CONTRIBUTION TO THE U.S ECONOMY Provide over 1/4 of Jobs and Company Revenues Despite Comprising Just 1% of all U.S. Companies Firms Employment Revenues $1B+ $10-99M <$10M Most businesses in the US economy are small. In fact, just under 18 million of the 19 million firms in Dun & Bradstreet s database (99%) are businesses that generate less than $10 million in annual revenues, while nearly 1% (0.96%) are middle market firms generating between $10 million and $1 billion in revenue. Just 0.02% of firms generate $1 billion or more in revenues. Despite comprising just 1% of the business population, middle market firms are making an outsized contribution to the American economy. They account for 26% of private sector business revenues, and employ over one in four people (27%) in the private sector workforce. Thus, they punch far above their weight, playing a foundational role in the economic vitality of the country. All told, these 182,578 middle market businesses generate $9.3 trillion in revenues, and employ 52.6 million workers. Middle Market Power Index, June

3 Key Findings: MIDDLE MARKET FIRMS ARE LEADING THE WAY IN ECONOMIC GROWTH Between 2011 and 2016, while the number of all commercially active firms actually declined, the number of middle market firms nearly doubled. Middle market revenue and employment also doubled over that five-year period, showing much stronger increases than were seen among smaller or larger firms. Over half of the net new jobs created since 2011 have come from middle market enterprises. MAJORITY OF JOB GROWTH SINCE 2011 HAS COME FROM MIDDLE MARKET FIRMS Distribution of Employment Growth by Firm Size The April 2015 edition of the Middle Market Power Index reported that there were 136,603 firms generating between $10 million and $1 billion in revenues as of December The number of middle market firms has increased to 182,578 as of March 2016 an increase of 34% in approximately 16 months. Indeed, over the past five years from March 2011 to March 2016 the total number of middle market enterprises has nearly doubled, showing an increase of 87%. Over that same period, the number of all commercially active firms declined by 17%, driven by a drop in the number of commercially active firms under $10 million in revenues. $10-999M $1B+ <$10M MIDDLE MARKET FIRMS LEADING GROWTH IN U.S. ECONOMY Employment, Revenue Double Since 2011; Number of Firms Nearly Double Amid Overall Decline All Firms Middle market firms have seen the largest numerical increase than any other firm size group. Their 87% increase in five years compares with an 18% decline in the number of firms generating under $10 million in revenues, and a 57% increase in the number of businesses exceeding $1 billion in revenues. Over the past five years, employment among all commercially active firms has increased by 36% from million to million jobs. Over half (53%) of the 50.5 million net new jobs have come from middle market enterprises. All told, employment has increased 7% among small firms (those generating less than $10 million in revenues), 103% among middle market firms, and 49% among the largest enterprises (those with $1B+ in revenues). -17 Number of Firms 35.6 Employment 52.8 Revenues Middle Market Middle market revenue growth is also the strongest among the three business size groups. Overall, there has been a 53% increase in revenues among commercially active firms, including a modest 6% increase in revenues among small firms, a 100% increase in revenues among middle market firms, and a 55% revenue increase among $1B+ firms between 2011 and Middle Market Power Index, June

4 AVERAGE SIZE OF MIDDLE MARKET FIRMS HAS INCREASED OVER PAST FIVE YEARS Avg. Revenues per Firm (millions) Avg. # Employees per Firm Given the strong performance of middle market firms over the past five years, it should come as no surprise that the average size of middle market firms is increasing. In the first quarter of 2011, the average middle market firm employed 265 workers and generated $47.5 million in revenues. Now, as of March 2016, the average middle market firm employs 288 workers and generates $50.8 million in revenues. The average size of small firms is five employees and $295,270 in revenues. The largest firms have, on average, 18,110 workers per firm and generate $6.8 billion in revenues. Firms both smaller and larger than the middle market have not grown nearly as significantly in terms of average employment or revenues per firm over the past five years as have middle market firms. Thus, when assessing economic trends over the past five years, middle market firms are performing more strongly in firm formation, employment and revenue growth than firms in any other business size class. Middle Market Power Index, June

5 Key Findings: WHERE ARE MIDDLE MARKET FIRMS FOUND? THE SHORT ANSWER EVERYWHERE. YET Middle market firms are more likely than average to be found in the manufacturing and wholesale trade sectors. Further, ten states (and the District of Columbia) are home to a greater than average share of middle market enterprises. MIDDLE MARKET FIRMS MUCH MORE LIKELY THAN AVERAGE TO BE IN MANUFACTURING, WHOLESALE TRADE OR EDUCATIONAL SERVICES Just As Likely to Be Found in Retail, Health Services Manufacturing Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Educational Svcs Some industries are more scalable than others, which is why the industry distribution of larger enterprises differs significantly from that of smaller firms. Middle market firms, in particular, are much more likely than average to be found in manufacturing (18% compared to just 3% overall) or wholesale trade (17% vs. 4% overall). In addition, 6% of middle market firms are in educational services (which are largely comprised of private schools), compared to 1% of all commercially active firms. Rounding out the top five industry sectors for middle market companies: Twelve percent (12%) of middle market firms are in retail trade, as are 11% of all commercially active businesses in the country; and 6% of both middle market and all U.S. firms are found in health services (which includes home health care and child day care services). Collectively nearly 60% of middle market firms are found in these five industries. Health Svcs Percent of Firms (Top Five MM Sectors) All firms Middle Market Firms 6 6 Middle market firms are found in every state in the nation, yet due in no small measure to the industrial heritage of middle market firms some states are more likely than average to be home to middle market firms. Ten states, plus the District of Columbia (as well as Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), are home to a greater than the 1% average share of middle market firms. They are: Puerto Rico (5.8%), the U.S. Virgin Islands (3.6%), Washington DC (2.1%), Illinois (1.5%), Wisconsin (1.5%), Michigan (1.3%), New Jersey (1.3%), Indiana (1.2%), Kansas (1.2%), Massachusetts (1.2%), North Dakota (1.2%), New York (1.2%), and Ohio (1.2%). At the other end of the spectrum, there are seven states in which middle market firms are less likely than average to be found. They are: Florida (0.5%), Colorado (0.6%), Louisiana (0.6%), Montana (0.6%), Arizona (0.7%), New Mexico (0.7%), and Oregon (0.7%). Middle Market Power Index, June

6 TEN STATES (PLUS DC, PR, VI) ARE HOME TO A GREATER THAN AVERAGE SHARE OF MIDDLE MARKET FIRMS Alaska District of Columbia Hawaii Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands Above average share (1,17%+) Average ( %) Below average share (<0.76%) TEN STATES ENJOY ABOVE AVERAGE GROWTH IN THE NUMBER OF MIDDLE MARKET FIRMS 4 States (IN, MI, OH, TX) Have Seen MM Numbers Double While Louisiana is one of the states with the lowest proportion of firms in the middle market, they are one of 10 states with an above average rate of growth in the number of middle market firms over the past five years. Nationally, there s been an 87% increase in the number of middle market enterprises since Ten states have seen greater than average increases in growth, including four states in which the number of middle market enterprises has more than doubled since These states are: Ohio (+106%), Texas (+106%), Michigan (+103%), Indiana (+102%), Illinois (+97%), Delaware (+94%), Louisiana (+94%), Missouri (+93%), North Carolina (+93%), and Utah (+93%). Nearly one-quarter (24%) of commercially active firms are either majority-owned or led by a woman (the latter meaning that a woman is at the helm of an enterprise that may not be majority-owned by that woman), and 6% are majority women-owned. Middle market enterprises, while less likely than average (13%) to be women-owned or -led, are just as likely (7%) as the average firm to be majority women-owned. In addition, while 2% of all commercially active businesses are minority-owned, 5% of middle market enterprises are minority-owned. Thus, in terms of gender and ethnic diversity, women business owners are just as likely to be found in the middle market, and minority business owners are more likely than average to have achieved annual revenues of $10 million or more. Alaska District of Columbia Hawaii Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands Above average growth, (91.9%+) Average ( %) Below average (<81.8%) It takes time for a firm to grow into the middle market. Over half (61%) of all U.S. firms have been in business for less than 10 years, while over half (54%) of middle market firms have been in business for 30 years or more. All told, the mean number of years in business for middle market firms is 40 more than three times the overall average of 13 years. MIDDLE MARKET FIRMS HAVE BEEN IN BUSINESS THREE TIMES LONGER THAN THE AVERAGE U.S. FIRM < All Firms (avg. 13 years in business Middle Market Firms (avg. 40 years in business) Middle Market Power Index, June

7 Key Findings: WOMEN- AND MINORITY-OWNED FIRMS ARE AMONG THE SMALL FIRMS THAT ARE GROWING EVER CLOSER TO THE MIDDLE MARKET Small firms that have topped the milliondollar mark in annual revenues are more likely to be women-or minorityowned, and also are more likely than any other size group to own retail trade or construction businesses. SMALL FIRMS OVER $1 MILLION IN REVENUES MUCH MORE LIKELY THAN THE AVERAGE TO BE WOMEN-OR MINORITY-OWNED Women-Owned 6 10 Nearly one million of the 18.9 million small firms with less than $10 million in annual revenues have topped the million-dollar mark. These firms comprise 5% of the population of commercially active businesses and, on average, generate $2.8 million in revenues and employ 28 workers. Minority-Owned Retail Trade Construction Wholesale Trade Manufacturing Percent of Firms All firms Small Firms w $1-9.9M Who owns the small firms that have broken $1 million in annual revenues? Importantly, this is the business segment most likely to be majority-owned by either a woman or minority business owner. Ten percent (10%) of these companies are women-owned, and 6% are minority-owned, compared to 6% and 2%, respectively, of all commercially active firms. This would indicate that paying particular attention to growth-focused womenand minority-owned firms would yield significant diversity dividends in the middle market in years to come. Small businesses over $1 million are also the firms more likely than any other size segment to be found in the retail trade (15%) or construction (12%) sectors. And, like middle market firms, they are significantly more likely than average to own wholesale trade (11% vs. 4%) or manufacturing (11% vs. 3%) companies. This analysis shows that middle market enterprises continue to punch above their weight, contributing far above their 1% share of the business population; they provide over one in four private sector jobs and generate over one-quarter of business revenues. Over the past five years, their numbers have nearly doubled (up 87%). Employment in middle market firms has doubled, accounting for over half of the net new jobs since And, with revenues up more strongly than other firms along the size spectrum, middle market firms are indeed fueling the nation s economic growth. Middle Market Power Index, June

8 Methodology Note This report is based on an analysis of all of the firms in Dun & Bradstreet s commercial databases of over 19 million (19,096,462) businesses between March 2011 and March 2016: the first a virtual census of all of the commercially-active businesses in the United States (defined as firms that have obtained a D-U-N-S Number and that sell and receive goods and services and utilize credit transactions in their business); the second their credit scoring archive database, which collects and models business commercial activity and business financial strength. All subsidiary and business establishment data are combined; only enterprise-level data (top of the business family tree, or Ultimate D-U-N-S Number firms) are reported. Additionally, public sector entities are excluded. Among the 19 million commercially active businesses in 2016, 182,578 firms have between $10 and $999 million in revenue and are defined as middle market enterprises. The vast majority of commercially active firms in the D&B database (18.9 million) have less than $10 million in revenues, and in this analysis are referred to as small firms, and 3,025 firms generate $1 billion or more in revenues. ABOUT AMERICAN EXPRESS GLOBAL COMMERCIAL PAYMENTS Through its Global Commercial Payments division, American Express offers a suite of payment and lending products that help businesses and organizations of all sizes gain financial savings, control and efficiency. Global Commercial Payments provides solutions for travel and everyday business spending, cross border payments, global currency solutions, and business financing. To learn more about Global Commercial Payments visit ABOUT AMERICAN EXPRESS American Express is a global services company, providing customers with access to products, insights and experiences that enrich lives and build business success. Learn more at americanexpress.com and connect with us on americanexpress. com and connect with us on facebook.com/americanexpress, foursquare.com/ americanexpress, linkedin.com/company/american-express, twitter.com/ americanexpress, and youtube.com/americanexpress. Key links to products and services: charge and credit cards, business credit cards, Plenti rewards program, travel services, gift cards, prepaid cards, merchant services, corporate card and business travel and corporate responsibility. ABOUT DUN & BRADSTREET Dun & Bradstreet (NYSE: DNB) grows the most valuable relationships in business. By uncovering truth and meaning from data, we connect customers with the prospects, suppliers, clients and partners that matter most, and have since Nearly ninety percent of the Fortune 500, and companies of every size around the world, rely on our data, insights and analytics. For more about Dun & Bradstreet, visit DNB.com. Middle Market Power Index, June

9 The 2016 Middle Market Power Index: Firm Characteristics Commercially Active Firms Total Small (Under $10M) Middle Market ($10-999M) Large ($1B+) 2016 Number of Firms 19,096,462 18,910, ,578 3,025 Revenues ($000) $35,554,051,618 $5,583,804,514 $9,272,252,742 $20,697,994,362 Employment 192,327,666 84,906,609 52,638,450 54,782,607 Share of Firms 100% Revenues 100% Employment 100% Change, Firms, # -3,924,848-4,010,772 84,821 1,103 % -17.0% -17.5% 86.8% 57.4% Revenues, ($000) $12,288,626,989 $296,385,221 $4,628,115,158 $7,364,126,611 % 52.8% 5.6% 99.7% 55.2% Employment, # 50,532,491 5,783,220 18,041,377 18,041,377 % 35.6% 7.3% 103.0% 49.1 Average Firm Size Avg. Employees/Firm ,110.0 Avg. Revenues/Firm $1,861,814 $295,270 $50,785,159 $6,842,312,186 Distribution of Firms by Industry, 2016 Natural Resources 4.2% 4.2% 1.7% 4.6% Construction Manufacturing Transportation Telecom Utilities Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Finance Insurance Real Estate Business Services Personal Services Health Services Social Services Educational Services Other Services Share of Firms That Are Majority women-owned 6.4% 6.4% 6.9% 0.9% Women-owned or-led Minority-owned Exporters Number of Years in Business <10 61% 62% 11% 11% Mean # Years Middle Market Power Index, June

10 The Middle Market Power Index: Growing Diversity in Middle Market Leadership Number and Distribution of Commercially Active U.S. Businesses by Firm Size and State, 2016 Number of Firms Share of Firms Small (<$10M) Middle Market ($10M-$999M) Large ($1B+) Total Small (<$10M) Middle Market ($10M-$999M) Large ($1B+) % Chg in # MM Firms, State Total U.S. 18,910, ,578 3,025 19,096, % 0.96% 0.02% 86.8% AK 49, , % 0.83% 0.01% 56.0% AL 219,138 2, , % 1.13% 0.01% 79.8% AR 139,749 1, , % 0.98% 0.01% 83.1% AZ 414,352 2, , % 0.65% 0.01% 80.1% CA 2,271,919 22, ,294, % 0.96% 0.01% 88.6% CO 464,462 2, , % 0.62% 0.01% 88.3% CT 259,758 2, , % 0.96% 0.03% 85.5% DC 44, , % 2.06% 0.05% 65.7% DE 53, , % 0.97% 0.02% 94.4% FL 1,942,398 9, ,951, % 0.48% 0.01% 73.7% GA 640,528 5, , % 0.78% 0.01% 89.9% HI 66, , % 0.92% 0.01% 64.8% IA 212,981 2, , % 0.95% 0.01% 76.5% ID 91, , % 0.79% 0.01% 72.9% IL 586,304 8, , % 1.51% 0.03% 97.1% IN 325,594 3, , % 1.19% 0.01% 101.7% KS 157,750 1, , % 1.20% 0.01% 79.9% KY 229,987 2, , % 0.94% 0.01% 84.9% LA 408,533 2, , % 0.61% 0.00% 94.3% MA 400,637 5, , % 1.24% 0.03% 82.2% MD 348,339 3, , % 0.92% 0.01% 69.9% ME 71, , % 1.04% 0.01% 72.2% MI 479,674 6, , % 1.29% 0.02% 103.4% MN 352,002 3, , % 1.12% 0.02% 85.5% MO 318,299 3, , % 1.12% 0.02% 93.2% MS 139,841 1, , % 0.93% 0.01% 83.1% MT 81, , % 0.62% 0.00% 66.6% NC 537,816 4, , % 0.85% 0.01% 92.5% ND 54, , % 1.19% 0.01% 82.6% NE 119,418 1, , % 1.02% 0.02% 75.0% NH 83, , % 1.11% 0.00% 85.0% NJ 488,304 6, , % 1.27% 0.02% 82.6% NM 101, , % 0.73% 0.00% 65.6% NV 114,663 1, , % 0.92% 0.01% 51.6% NY 1,066,272 13, ,079, % 1.21% 0.03% 87.1% OH 574,692 7, , % 1.24% 0.02% 106.2% OK 215,087 2, , % 0.92% 0.01% 77.4% OR 299,451 2, , % 0.70% 0.01% 78.3% PA 747,586 8, , % 1.08% 0.02% 86.3% PR 9, , % 5.84% 0.04% 6.3% RI 56, , % 1.13% 0.03% 71.2% SC 214,315 2, , % 0.93% 0.01% 80.3% SD 60, , % 0.99% 0.00% 70.6% TN 314,255 3, , % 1.02% 0.02% 85.3% TX 1,556,039 14, ,570, % 0.91% 0.02% 106.1% UT 174,657 1, , % 0.86% 0.01% 93.0% Middle Market Power Index, June

11 The Middle Market Power Index: Growing Diversity in Middle Market Leadership Number and Distribution of Commercially Active U.S. Businesses by Firm Size and State, 2016 Number of Firms Share of Firms VA 500,857 4, , % 0.88% 0.02% 75.2% VI % 3.59% 0.00% 21.7% VT 46, , % 0.93% 0.01% 66.9% WA 427,686 3, , % 0.81% 0.01% 79.4% WI 270,005 4, , % 1.49% 0.02% 90.5% WV 70, , % 1.04% 0.00% 81.9% WY 36, , % 0.89% 0.01% 73.8% Greater than average share (>1.16%) Less than average share (<0.76%) Middle Market Power Index, June