CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION. 2 Getting Started 3 MAKE UTILITY

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1 1 INTRODUCTION CONTENTS 1.1 Introduction to MM5 Modeling System The MM5 Model Horizontal and Vertical Grid Nesting Lateral Boundary Conditions Nonhydrostatic Dynamics Versus Hydrostatic Dynamics Reference State in the Nonhydrostatic Model Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation Land-Use Categories Map Projections and Map-Scale Factors Data Required to Run the Modeling System 13 2 Getting Started 2.1 Purpose Program portability Prerequisite Where to obtain program tar files? What is Contained in a Program tar File? Steps to run MM5 modeling system programs Functions of Job Decks or Scripts What to Modify in a Job Deck/Script? How to Build the Executable and Run the Program? Input Files Output Files Representation of Date in MM5 Modeling System Programs Where to Find Data at NCAR? Other Data Sources 14 3 MAKE UTILITY 3.1 The UNIX make Utility make Functionality The Makefile Sample make Syntax Macros Internal Macros Default Suffixes and Rules Sample Program Dependency Chart Sample Program Components for make Example makefile Examples for the Sample Program Make Command Used in MM5 Preprocessing Programs 10 iii

2 3.12 An Example of Top-level Makefile An Example of Low-level Makefile 13 4 TERRAIN 4.1 Purpose Input Data Defining Mesoscale Domains Interpolation Adjustment Fudging function Script Variables Parameter statement Namelist Options How to run TERRAIN TERRAIN Didn t Work: What Went Wrong? TERRAIN Files and Unit Numbers TERRAIN tar File terrain.deck 31 5 REGRID 5.1 Purpose Structure A schematic Input to pregrid Input to regridder Output from regridder Intermediate Data Format Pregrid VTables Pregrid program functioning Handy pregrid utility programs How to run REGRID pregrid.csh The regridder Namelist options REGRID tar File Data 15 6 Objective Analysis (little_r) 6.1 Purpose of Objective Analysis RAWINS or LITTLE_R? Source of Observations Objective Analysis techniques in LITTLE_R and RAWINS Quality Control for Observations Additional Observations Surface FDDA option 7 iv

3 6.8 Objective Analysis on Model Nests How to Run LITTLE_R Output Files Plot Utilities LITTLE_R Observations Format LITTLE_R Namelist Fetch.deck 22 7 INTERPF 7.1 Purpose INTERPF Procedure Surface Pressure Computation Hydrostatic Vertical Interpolation Integrated Mean Divergence Removal Base State Computation Initialization of Nonhydrostatic Model Substrate Temperature and the LOWBDY_DOMAINn file Shell Variables (for IBM job deck only) Parameter Statements FORTRAN Namelist Input File How to Run INTERPF INTERPF didn t Work! What Went Wrong? File I/O INTERPF tar File 15 8 MM5 8.1 Purpose Basic Equations of MM Physics Options in MM Interactions of Parameterizations Boundary conditions Nesting Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation (FDDA) How to run MM Input to MM Output from MM MM5 Files and Unit Numbers Configure.user Variables Script Variables for IBM Batch Deck: Namelist Variables Some Common Errors Associated with MM5 Failure MM5 tar File Configure.user mm5.deck 54 v

4 9 MAKE AND MM5 9.1 make and MM Configure.user File Makefiles CPP NESTDOWN 10.1 Purpose NESTDOWN Procedure Base State Computation Shell Variables (for IBM job deck only) Parameter Statements FORTRAN Namelist Input File Horizontal Interpolation Vertical Corrections after Horizontal Interpolation How to Run NESTDOWN NESTDOWN didn t Work! What Went Wrong? File I/O NESTDOWN tar File INTERPB 11.1 Purpose INTERPB Procedure Sea Level Pressure Computation Vertical Interpolation/Extrapolation Parameter Statements FORTRAN Namelist Input File How to Run INTERPB INTERPB didn t Work! What Went Wrong? File I/O INTERPB tar File GRAPH 12.1 Purpose Typical GRAPH Jobs Plotting Table File: g_plots.tbl Default Option Settings File: g_defaults.nml Map Options File: g_map.tbl Plot Color Options File: g_color.tbl How to Run GRAPH Available 2-D Horizontal Fields Available Cross-Section Only Fields Available 3-D Fields (as 2-D Horizontal or Cross-Section) 17 vi

5 12.11 Some Hints for Running GRAPH Sample Graph Plot File Graph tar file Script file to run Graph job An Alternative Plotting Package: RIP I/O FORMAT 13.1 Introduction Version 3 File Format Explanation of Output Field List Big Header Record for TERRAIN Output Big Header Record for REGRID output Big Header Record for little_r/rawins Output Big Header Record for little_r Surface FDDA Output Big Header Record for INTERPF Output Big Record Header for LOWBDY Output Big Record Header for BDYOUT Output Big Record Header for MM5 Output Big Record Header for Interpolated, Pressure-level MM5 Output Special Data Format in MM5 Modeling System Utility Programs 14.1 Purpose Utility Programs 3 15 EXERCISE 15.1 Test Case Obtaining Program Tar Files Getting Started Experiment Design Terrain and Land-Use Data Objective Analysis : Interpolation Model Simulation Viewing Model Output 6 vii

6 Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Appendix G Appendix H Derivation of Basic MM5 Equations MM5 Model Code How to Noah Use Land-Surface Model Option MPP MM5 - The Distributed-memory (DM) Extension 3DVAR RAWINS Alternative Plotting Package - RIP Running MM5 Jobs on IBM References viii