On the Spoken Features of College Students Essays from the Perspective of Personal Pronouns

Transcription

1 FOREIGN LANGUAGE RESEARCH 2012 No. 6 Serial No. 169 赵小东 尚晓华 ( 大连海事大学, 大连 ) LOCNESS WECCL H A On the Spoken Features of College Students Essays from the Perspective of Personal Pronouns Zhao Xiao-dong Shang Xiao-hua Dalian Maritime University Dalian China Based on native college students written-english corpus LOCNESS and Chinese learner corpus of written-english WECCL this paper analyses compares and contrasts both quantitatively and qualitatively the use of personal pronouns by native English speakers and Chinese English learners in their argumentative essays. Results of this research show the spoken features of Chinese college English majors argumentative essays. And these spoken features from the perspective of personal pronouns can be attributed to the overuse of first person and second person lexical phrases collocation of nominative personal pronouns with modal verbs and the contraction forms of personal pronouns with verbs by the Chinese English majors. Key words personal pronouns personal lexical phrases modal verbs collocations apostrophe contractions our S. Crawford Crawford 2005 S. 2 Granger P. Rayson D. Biber R. Reppen complement clauses Granger & Rayson Biber & Reppen personal lexical phrases J. R. Nattinger J. S. Decarrico 119

2 lexical phrase Nattinger & Decarrico When we But I be have has do 2 we should you can non-productive as far as I know don t productive I want to + V I think + clause I believe we know I firmly believe in my opinion I us a opinion I think. my opinion the of my show your mobile think we should far as I am WECCL 50 Biber Biber central modals can could may might shall should will would must 2 semi-modals need to ought to dare to had better have to have got to be supposed to Louvain Sylviane Granger LOCNESS Louvain Corpus of 4 Native English Essays Granger & Rayson WECCL. WECCL 9 1 SWECCL WECCL LOCNESS I you we your Antconc me log-likelihood ratio us LLR P 0. our Antconc concordance WEC = WECCL LOC = LOCNESS Antconc collocates - 1 / + 2 WECCL LOCNESS we know we all know as we know as we all know Antconc I say I must say I should say I want to say I / say / WEC LOC LLR P WEC LOC LLR P my LLR = P = < Antconc WECCL cluster LOCNESS 568 LLR = P = <

3 I think I believe as far as I I say I agree in my opin- ion we consider we should give priority to we can see WECCL LOCNESS WECCL I think Granger Ai- jmer Granger Aijmer we us our I feel that... I me my ANTCONC WECCL 50 we can see we can find we consider we think let s /let us 2 2 WECCL LOCNESS Quirk 1985 WEC LOC P WEC LOC P I think we consider I believe we know I don t / we do not think / say I want to we want to I prefer we can see I like we can find I / we should say give priority I don t agree we think I agree we learn as far as I in my opinion I d would in my eye s / like to mind /view I hope my point s determiner + of us try our best adj + for us in our life / adj lives help s us our society let s / let us our country bring s us let us tell s /told us /me adj + for us determiner I think LOC 54 WEC 3 LLR = P = < WECCL we students we Chinese learners we college students us students us Chinese people 120 LOCNESS 2 LLR = P = < help s us bring s us give s us WEC 129 LOC 5 LLR = P = < tell s /told us WEC 105 LOC 6 LLR = P = < make s /made us WEC 115 LOC 10 LLR = P = < us our our society our country our parents WEC 216 LOC 2 LLR = P = < our friend s WEC 152 LOC 0 LLR = P = < Biber stance Biber Petch-Tyson / writer /reader visibility Petch-Tyson Chafe let s / most many some both + of us 121

4 / 4 WECCL LOCNESS / Pron Central modals Pron Semi-modals 3 WEC LOC P WEC LOC P WECCL LOCNESS we we I I you you do you think... you know... you he he want to you can see you ll /will find she she it it they they Total Total WECCL LOCNESS 4 WEC LOC P WEC LOC P you want to if /do you think adj + for you to you ll / will find help you tell you you know you can see as long as you you they speech lexicon it writing down talk Cobb it D. Biber 4. 4 Biber et. al D. Biber conversation can t won t I m Biber I d we ve they re it s let s K. Aijmer Biber Biber et al Aijmer can 5 could may might shall should will would must LLR = P = < LLR = P = < he she it we I he she 5 need to ought to dare to had better have to would had have have got to be supposed to is am are will let Antconc WECCL / + 2 LOCNESS

5 LLR = p = < J. 5 WECCL LOCNESS Aijmer K. Modality in Advanced Swedish Learners Written Interlanguage A. In Sylviane Granger et al ed.. Pron WEC LOC P Pron WEC LOC P s d ve m re ll let s as we know Press Petch-Tyson S. Writer /Reader Visibility in EFL Written. Discourse A. In Sylviane Granger ed.. Learner J English on Computer C. New York Longman J our J Computer Learner Corpora Second Language Acquisition and Foreign Language Acquisition C. Philadelphia John Benjamins Biber D. & R. Reppen. Comparing Native and Learner Perspectives on English Grammar A Study of Complement Clauses A. In Sylviane Granger ed.. Learner English on Computer C. New York Longman Biber D. et al. If You Look at... Lexical Bundles in University Teaching and Textbooks J. Applied Linguistics 5 WECCL LOCNESS Biber D. et al. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English M. London Longman Chafe W. L. Integration and Involvement in Speaking Writing and Oral Literature A. In Deborah Tannen ed.. Spoken and Written Language Exploring Orality and Literacy C. Norwood NJ Ablex Cobb T. Analyze Late Interlanguage with Learner Corpora do Quebec Replications of Three European Studies J. you think... The Canadian Modern Language Review in my Crawford W. Is L2 Writing like Native-English Conversation Z. Paper Presented at ICAME 26-AAACL opinion I think... I want... I don t think... 6 University of Michigan as far as I... so I Granger S. & P. Rayson. Automatic Profiling of Learner think we can see we can find Texts A. In Sylviane Granger ed.. Learner English on Computer C. New York Longman Granger S. Prefabricated Patterns in Advanced EFL Writing Collocations and Formulae A. In Anthony Paul Cowie ed.. Phraseology Theory Analysis and Applications C. Oxford Oxford University Press Nattinger J. R. & J. S. Decarrico. Lexical Phrases and Language Teaching M. Oxford Oxford University Quirk R. et al. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language M. London /New York Longman 孙颖 123