Q1. What is Artificial Intelligence? Explain how an AI system is different from a conventional Computing system.

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Karin Cross
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1 Unit I: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Q1. What is Artificial Intelligence? Explain how an AI system is different from a conventional Computing system. Q2. What are the AI techniques? Discuss with example. Q3. What is an agent explain with the help of example. Q4. Explain the progress of AI and its relevance to the industry. Q5. What is knowledge based expert system? Discuss the use of KBES for AI. Q6. Explain Expert system shells in detail. Q7. Compare Radian Rule Master, Knowledge Engineering Environment and OPS5 expert system building tools. Q8. Explain expert system and its architecture. Q9. Explain the application areas of AI; Knowledge based system and Expert System. Q10. Explain the characteristics of AI; Knowledge based system and Expert system.

2 Unit II: KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION AND CONTROL STRATEGY Q1. Distinguish between data, information, and knowledge. Also explains the knowledge representation methods. Q2. Differentiate between Forward and Backward Chaining discuss with the example. Q3. Explain the way to represent knowledge using logic rules. Q4. Explain the algorithm for hill climbing. Q5. Explain algorithm for generate and test method. Q6. Discuss the algorithm for A* with the advantage of best first search procedure. Q7. Define heuristic search and its technique. Q8. Give four different ways to represent the facts that John is Bill s father. Q9. Consider the following facts:- Peter only likes easy courses. Mathematics courses are hard. All the courses in textile department are easy. TXT281 is a textile course. Answer the question, What course would Peter like. Q10. Describe the salient features of LISP, PROLOG, and Logic Programming.

3 Unit III: 1. a) Explain the characteristics of neural network. b) Explain the biological neuron with diagram 2. a)what do you mean by activation function? Explain its 3 types. b) Construct a neural network which computes the XOR function of two inputs. 3. What is perceptron? Explain single layer and multilayer architecture of perceptron, Also describe back propagation algorithm in this context. 4. What is the difference between supervised and unsupervised learning? 5. What is Kohonen s self-organizing map? Give its algorithm. 6. What do you mean by McCulloch Pitts Model? 7. Explain the term linearly separable. How it differs from non-linearly separable? 8. Explain the various applications of neural network.

4 1... is called the father of AI. A) James C Gosling B) Dennis Ritchie C) Alan Turing D) Isaac Newton 2. In AI. is a combination of data structures and interpretive procedures. A) Knowledge B) Meta-knowledge C) Artificial Knowledge D) Performance 3. The approach uses the knowledge of mathematics and engineering. A) rationalist B) Top-down C) bottom-up D) push-pop approach 4. We also use knowledge about what we know, called.. A) Meta-Knowledge B) Performance Knowledge C) Standard knowledge D) Specific knowledge 5. The Artificial Intelligence is concerned with designing intelligent computer systems that exhibit intelligent characteristics expressed by.. A) Functional behavior B) Human behavior C) Human brain D) Statistical analysis 6. includes what we know about our own performance as cognitive processors.

5 A) Meta-Knowledge B) Performance Knowledge C) Standard knowledge D) Specific knowledge 7. State whether the following true or false. i) AI is used in diverse fields like space exploration, robotics. ii) AI is used for military purpose A) i-true, ii-false B) i-true, ii-true C) i-false, ii-false D) i-false, ii-true 8. The goals of AI systems can be described in terms of cognitive tasks like A) Recognizing objects B) Answering questions C) Manipulating robotic devices D) All of the above 9... is computerized advice-giver, that is capable of reasoning but which is usually confined to a rather narrow field of knowledge. A) Expert system B) Knowledge system C) Common system D) Communication system 10.. involves relating something new to what we already know in a psychologically complex way. A) Knowledge Acquisition B) Knowledge retrieval C) Reasoning D) Meta-level reasoning

6 ASSIGNMENT -1 OPERATING SYSTEMS 1. Define operating system. Elaborate the various services provided by Operating System. 2. Explain the layered architecture of operating system with the help of diagram. 3. Explain any four types of operating systems. 4. Discuss why operating system is known as Resource Manager and Virtual Machine. 5. What is thread? What are the advantages of thread over process? 6. Differentiate between user level threads and kernel level threads. 7. Describe multithreading models. Give advantages and disadvantages of each. 8. Define system call. Give example of basic system calls from Linux and Windows. 9. Write short notes on the following: (1)BIOS (2)Firmware (3) Boot Strap loader 10. Explain the following: (1) Semantics of fork ( ) and exec() system call. (2) Thread Cancellation

7 Multiple Choice Questions: 1. The concept of a process in an operating system embodies two primary characteristics, one of which is: a. Multithreading b. Resource ownership c. Symmetric multiprocessing (b) 2. An example of a system that implements a single process with multiple threads is: a. WIN 2000 b. Solaris c. Java (c) 3. Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between processes and threads: a. It takes far less time to create a new thread in an existing process than to create a new process b. It takes less timeto terminate a process than a thread c. It takes less time to switch between two different processes than to switch between two threads within the same process 4. The basic thread operation related to the change in thread state that occurs when a thread needs to wait for an event is referred to as the: a. Unblock operation b. Spawn operation c. Block operation (c) 5. In the Linux O/S, multiple threads may be created and executed within a single process. This is an example of the following Thread-to-Process relationship: a. 1:1 b. 1:M c. M:N 6. The computer system category where a single processor executes a single instruction stream to operate on data stored in a single memory is called: a. Single Instruction Singl e Data (SISD) stream b. Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) stream c. Multiple Instruction Single Data (MISD) stream 7. In a SMP system, each processor maintains a local cache and must alert all other processors that a change to cache update has taken place. This is referred to as the:

8 a. Interconnection mechanism problem b. Synchronization mechanism problem c. Cache coherency problem (c) 8. Key issues involved in the design of multiprocessor operating systems include: a. Scheduling b. Synchronization c. Reliability and fault tolerance 9. Early operating systems that were designed with little concern about structure are typically referred to as: a. Monolithic operating systems b. Layered operating systems c. Kernel operating systems 10. A benefit of the microkernel organization is: a. Extensibility b. Portability c. Flexibility 11. In low-level microkernel memory management, an example of an operation that can support external paging and virtual memory management is the: a. Grant operation b. Map operation c. Flush operation 12. In a W2K system, the state that a thread enters when it has been unblocked and the resource for which it has been blocked is not yet available is called the: a. Transition state b. Waiting state c. Standby state 13. In a Solaris system, a User-Level Thread (ULT) that enters the active state is assigned to a: a. Kernel thread b. Heavy-Weight Process (HWP) c. Light-Weight Process (LWP) (c) 14. In a Linux system, when a new process is cloned, the two processes share the same: a. Process identifier b. Virtual memory

9 c. task_struct data structure (b) 15. In an operating system, the unit of dispatching is usually referred to as a thread (b) dispatcher (c) process. none of the above 16. An example of an operating system that supports a single user process and a single thread is Solaris (b) MS-DOS. (c) Unix Windows (b) 17. An example of an operating system that supports multiple user processes and multiple threads is WIN2K (b) Solaris (c) Linux All of the above 18 A process that cannot execute until some event occurs is said to be in the blocked state (b) waiting state (c) ready state all of the above 19 In which O/S, a User-Level Thread (ULT) in the active state is assigned to a Light-Weight Process (LWP) and executes while the underlying kernel thread executes OS2. (b) Mach (c) Solaris Linux (c) In low-level microkernel memory management, an example of an operation that can support external paging and virtual memory management is the: a. Grant operation b. Map operation c. Flush operation

Objectives. Chapter 2: Operating-System Structures. Operating System Services (Cont.) Operating System Services. Operating System Services (Cont.

Objectives. Chapter 2: Operating-System Structures. Operating System Services (Cont.) Operating System Services. Operating System Services (Cont. Objectives To describe the services an operating system provides to users, processes, and other systems To discuss the various ways of structuring an operating system Chapter 2: Operating-System Structures