Health and Safety Guidance

Transcription

1 Health and Safety Guidance Waste: Guidance on Assessment GUIDANCE/11/HWGA/14 Certain substances and waste materials and articles or equipment that contain such substances are so damaging to people or the environment that they must be disposed of separately from the normal refuse collection, in accordance with The Waste Regulations University Health and Safety Policy and Procedures for the disposal of " waste" (formerly known as "Special Waste" under superseded legislation), excluding infectious and radioactive waste, are set out in Substances Policy - Waste Disposal Waste (UHSP/15/HS/03:HSWD/HW/05). Waste is now required to be classified by the producer. This Health and Safety Guidance document explains the statutory definition of " Waste", so far as it relates to substances that are not radioactive or infectious, and it contains decision trees to guide users through the process of assessing whether or not a waste is and its classification. General guidance on the assessment of waste for the normal refuse collection may be found in the Environmental Guidance series under University Environmental Policy: "GUIDANCE on WASTE CLASSIFICATION and ROUTES of DISPOSAL including Redundant Equipment" (ENVGUIDE/1/WCRD/98) Further information and advice may be obtained from the Health and Safety Unit. Revised March 2014 GUIDANCE/11/HWGA/14

2 CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 Waste Assessment Overview 1 Is the Waste Explosive? - H1 2 Is the Waste an Oxidant? - H2 3 Is the Waste Flammable? - H3 4 Is the Waste Irritant? - H4 or Corrosive? - H8 6 Is the Waste Toxic? - H6 or Harmful? - H5 7 Is the Waste Carcinogenic? - H7 8 Is the Waste Teratogenic? - H10 8 Is the Waste Mutagenic? - H11 9 Does the Waste Release toxic gases in contact with air, water or acid? - H12 9 Is the Waste Sensitising? - H13 11 Is the Waste Ecotoxic? - H14 12 Can the Substance Produce Another Substance After Disposal? - H15 13 APPENDIX 1 The List of Wastes 14 APPENDIX 2 Properties 21 APPENDIX 3 CHIP Regulations Risk Phrases ("R" Numbers) 23 APPENDIX 4 Particular Cases 26 Fridges and freezers 26 PCB wastes 26 Fluorescent light tubes 26 Sodium lamps 27 Cathode ray tubes (televisions, computer monitors etc.) 27 Batteries 28 Oils and wastes containing oil (excluding edible oil) 28 Asbestos 29

3 Waste: Guidance on Assessment INTRODUCTION Certain substances and waste materials and articles or equipment that contain such substances are so damaging to people or the environment that they must be identified and disposed of separately from the normal refuse collection, in accordance with The Waste Regulations 2005 and the List of Wastes Regulations In defining " waste", the regulations and associated guidance (Technical Guidance WM2 from the Environment Agency) cross reference to The Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations (CHIP), as amended. Waste is required to be assigned a hazard(s), H1-H15 (appendix 2) and the appropriate 6 digit code (appendix 1). For the purposes of University Health and Safety Policy, and in accordance with the List of Wastes Regulations, " waste" is waste listed in Appendix 1, marked with an asterisk and: (a) without specific or general reference to "dangerous substance" ( an absolute entry, is hazardous regardless of composition or concentration); or (b) with specific or general reference to "dangerous substance" (a mirror entry where dangerous substance(s) present display a hazardous property, H1 - H15 (see Appendix 2), subject to the property or concentration threshold/range for a specific risk, if any). Excluding waste which is radioactive. The concentration thresholds/ranges referred to in b) are incorporated into the decision trees in this guidance. Note that these thresholds for the definition of " waste" may be different from those applied for labelling the original substances under the CHIP Regulations. The "R" numbers cited for the original substances in the following decision trees are the Risk Phrases from the CHIP(4) Regulations (see Appendix 3). The CHIP regulations are currently in a transitional period with the new Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) Regulations, which come fully into force in The classifications under both CHIP and CLP may be found in the Table 3.2 of Annex VI to the CLP Regulations published by the European Commission s Joint Research Centre Classifications may also be found on the University's HAZDAT database or in suppliers' catalogues and safety data sheets. The following decision trees may be used to assign hazard(s). Appendix 4 gives some examples. Waste Assessment Overview Does the waste display any hazardous property H1 - H14? (Refer to charts H1 - H14) Is the waste by H15? T Waste YES YES Is the waste by H1- H14 Waste by H15 Not Waste by H15 YES YES Waste by appropriate hazard H1- H14 Is the waste by H15? 1

4 Is the Waste Explosive? - H1 Does the waste contain substances controlled by the Explosives Act 1875? * (see below) YES Not waste by H1 Does the waste contain substances with R2 or R3? YES Is any information available to show the waste is not explosive YES Does the waste contain substances with R1, R4, R5, R6, R9, R16, R18, R19, R44 that present a risk on disposal? Not waste by H1 YES T waste by H1 waste by H1 Consider for hazard H15 * Materials that are "explosives" within the meaning of the Explosives Act 1875, as amended, and any subsequent regulations issued under the Act, are exempt from the Waste Regulations. "Explosive" under the 1875 Act means: gunpowder, nitro-glycerine, dynamite, gun cotton, blasting powders, fulminate of mercury or of other metals, coloured fibres and every other substance, whether similar to those mentioned or not, used or manufactured with a view to produce a practical effect by explosion or pyrotechnic effect; and includes fog signals, fireworks, fuses, rockets, percussion caps, detonators, cartridges, ammunition of all descriptions, and every adaption or preparation of an explosive as defined above. Arrangements for explosives must conform with current legislation, in particular The Control of Explosives Regulations 1991 issued under the Health and Safety at Work Etc. Act

5 Is the Waste Oxidising? - H2 Does the waste contain organic peroxides with R7 or R8? YES Is the conc.>5%? Is there >5% available oxygen and >= 5% hydrogen peroxide? YES YES waste by H2 waste by H2 Does the waste contain any other substances with R7, R8 or R9? Not waste by H2 YES Is the concentration above the ASL limit?* YES waste by H2 * in practice, this applies to hydrogen peroxide (>= 60%), nitric acid (>= 70%) and perchloric acid (>= 50%) 3

6 Is the Waste Flammable? - H3 Is the waste liquidandliquid and contain R10, R11 or R12 substances? Does the waste contain substances with R17? YES Is the flashpoint <55 C? or are only R10, R11 or R12 substances present? YES Is the flashpoint <21 C? or are only R11 or R12 substances present? Does the waste contain substances with R15? Does the waste contain solid substances with R10, R11 or R12? Does the waste contain gaseous substances with R12? Not waste by H3A YES YES YES YES Does the substance ignite or, if liquid, char filter paper within 5 mins at room temperature? Is R15 substance Table 1 concn or is the gas released at > 1 litre/kg waste/hr? Is the burning time less than 10min for powdered metals or less than 45 secs for other powders? Is substance present within its lower and upper explosive limits? YES YES YES YES waste by H3A(ii) waste by H3A(v) waste by H3A(iii) waste by H3A(iv) YES waste by H3B waste by H3A(i) 4

7 Table 1 Substances that liberate flammable gas on contact with water Substance Risk phrase(s) Liberated Gas Threshold Concn % Lithium R14/15 Hydrogen 0.06 Sodium R14/15 Hydrogen 0.2 Magnesium powder (pyrophoric) R15-17 Hydrogen 0.1 Aluminium powder (pyrophoric) R15-17 Hydrogen 0.08 Aluminium powder (stabilised) R15 Hydrogen 0.08 Potassium R14/15 Hydrogen 0.4 Calcium R15 Hydrogen 0.2 Zinc powder/dust (pyrophoric) R15-17 Hydrogen 0.3 Zinc powder/dust R15 Hydrogen 0.3 Zirconium powder (pyrophoric) R15-17 Hydrogen 0.2 Zirconium powder (non pyrophoric) R15 Hydrogen 0.2 Aluminium lithium hydride R15 Hydrogen 0.04 Sodium hydride R15 Hydrogen 0.1 Calcium hydride R15 Hydrogen 0.1 Calcium carbide R15 Acetylene 0.3 Calcium phosphide R15/29 Phosphine 0.4 Aluminium phosphide R15/29 Phosphine 0.3 Magnesium phosphide R15/29 Phosphine 0.3 Trizinc diphosphide R15/29 Phosphine 0.6 Trichlorosilane R14-17 Hydrogen 0.6 Diethyl (ethyldimethylsilanato) aluminium R14/15, 17 Ethane 0.4 5

8 Is the Waste Irritant? - H4 or Corrosive? - H8 Does the waste contain substances with R34 or R35? Does the waste contain substances R36, R37, R38, or R41? Can the waste produce a leachate that has a ph 2 or 11.5 Not waste by H4 or H8 YES YES YES Is total concentration R35 5%; R34 10%? Is total concentration R35 1%; R34 5%? Do the conc.'s meet the threshold criteria R3620% R3720% or R38 20%; R41 10%? waste by H8: Corrosive YES YES YES waste by H8: Corrosive waste by H4: Irritant waste by H4: Irritant 6

9 Is the Waste Toxic? - H6 or Harmful? - H5 Does the waste contain substances R26, R27 or R28 with or without R39? Does the waste contain substances R23, R24 or R25 with or without R39 or R48? Does the waste contain substances R20, R21 or R22, R65 or R68* with or without R48? Not waste by H5 or H6 YES YES YES Is the total concentration of these substances 7%? YES waste by H6: Toxic Is the total concentration of these substances 0.1% but < 7%? YES waste by H5: Harmful Is the total concentration of these substances 25%? YES waste by H6: Toxic Is the total concentration of these substances 3 % but < 25%? Is the total concentration of these substances 25% YES YES waste by H5: Harmful waste by H5: Harmful * Not for mutagenic substances, these are considered under H11. 7

10 Is the Waste Carcinogenic? - H7 Does the waste contain substances with R40, R45 or R49? YES Is the total conc. R45 or R49 0.1% w/w? Is the total conc. R40 1% Not waste by H7 YES YES Not waste by H7 waste by H7 waste by H7 Is the Waste Toxic for Reproduction? - H10 Does the waste contain substances R60 or R61? Does the waste contain substances with R62 or R63? Not waste by H10 YES YES Is the concentration of any individual R 60 or R61 substance 0.5%? Is the concentration of any individual R62 or R63 substance 5%? YES YES by waste H10 by waste H10 8

11 Is the Waste Mutagenic? - H11 Does the waste contain substances with R46? Does the waste contain substances classified as Muta. Cat. 3; R68 Not waste by H11 YES YES Is the concentration of any individual R46 substance O.1%? Is the concentration of any individual Muta. Cat. 3; R68 substance 1%? YES YES waste by H11 waste by H11 Does the Waste Release Toxic Gases in contact with Air, Water or Acid? - H12 Does the waste contain substances with R29, R31 or R32? YES Would 1 kg of waste liberate more than 1 litre/hour of toxic gas or does the concentration of an individual substance exceed the calculation method limit? (see table below) YES waste by H12 Not waste by H12 Not waste by H12 9

12 Examples of Substances that Release Toxic Gases in contact with Air, Water or Acid Substance Risk phrase Released Gas Threshold Concn % Phosphorus pentasulphide R29 Hydrogen sulphide 0.1 3,5-dichloro-2,4-difluorobenzoyl R29 Hydrogen fluoride 1.0 fluoride (DCDFBF) Metam-sodium R31 carbon disulphide 0.5 Barium sulphide R31 Hydrogen sulphide 0.8 Barium polysulphides R31 Hydrogen sulphide 0.8 Calcium sulphide R31 Hydrogen sulphide 0.3 Calcium polysulphides R31 Hydrogen sulphide 0.3 Potassium sulphide R31 Hydrogen sulphide 0.5 Ammonium polysulphides R31 Hydrogen sulphide 0.3 Sodium sulphide R31 Hydrogen sulphide 0.4 Sodium polysulphides R31 Hydrogen sulphide 0.4 Sodium dithionite R31 Sulphur dioxide 0.9 Sodium hypochlorite solution (% R31 Chlorine 2.9 active Cl) Calcium hypochlorite solution (% R31 Chlorine 0.6 active Cl) Dichloroisocyanuric acid R31 Chlorine 0.9 Sodium dichloroisocyanurate R31 Chlorine 1.0 Sodium dichloroisocyanurate R31 Chlorine 1.1 dihydrate Trichloroisocyanuric acid R31 Chlorine 0.7 Cyanide salts (with the exception of R32 Hydrogen cyanide 0.2 complex cyanides such as ferrocyanides and mercuric oxycyanide) Sodium fluoride R32 Hydrogen fluoride 0.2 Sodium azide R32 Hydrogen azide* 0.3 Aluminium phosphide R32 Phosphine** 0.3 Trizinc diphosphide R32 Phosphine** 0.6 Calcium cyanide R32 Hydrogen cyanide 0.2 Cadmium cyanide R32 Hydrogen cyanide 0.4 Calcium phosphide R15/29 Phosphine** 0.4 Aluminium phosphide R15/29 Phosphine** 0.3 Magnesium phosphide R15/29 Phosphine** 0.3 Trizinc diphosphide R15/29 Phosphine** 0.6 (See also Technical Guidance WM2 Appendix C for method of calculation) * Gas also explosive, therefore, also H13. ** Gas converts to spontaneously flammable dimer, therefore, also H13. 10

13 IS THE WASTE SENSITISING? H13 Does the waste contain substances with the risk phrases R42, R43 or R42/R43? YES Are any of the concentrations for the substances at or above the concentration limits given in HAZDAT or Table 3.2 of the Classification, Labelling and Packaging (of chemicals) Regulations Are any of the substances at or above the concentration limits given in Chemical Hazards Information and Packaging Regulations (0.2% for gases, 1% otherwise) Not waste by H13 YES YES Not hazardous waste by H13 waste by H13 waste by H13 11

14 Is the Waste Ecotoxic? - H14 Does the waste contain substances with N: R59 or R59? Does the waste contain substances with N: R50-53, N: R51-53 or R52-53 Does the waste contain substances with N: R50-53 and any other substances N: R50? Does the waste contain substances with N: R50-53, N: R51-53 or R52-53 and any substances with R53? Does the waste contain substances with N: R52? Does the waste contain PCBs or PCTs? Does the waste contain substances with N: R59 or R59? Not waste by H14 YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Is the concentration of any individual N: R59 or R59 substance 0.1%? *Do the total concentrations satisfy: N: R50-53/ N: R51-53/2.5 + R52-53/25 1 *Is the total concentrations: N: R50-53 and N: R50 25% *Is the total concentrations: N: R50-53, N: R51-53 or R52-53 and R530 25% Is the total concentration R52 substances 25% Is the total concentration of PCBs/PCTs 0.005% Is the concentration of any individual R59 substance 0.1%? YES YES YES YES YES YES YES waste by H 14 waste by H 14 waste by H 14 waste by H 14 waste by H 14 waste by H 14 waste by H 14 * Some of the risk phrases associated with aquatic toxicity are additive 12

15 CAN THE SUBSTANCE PRODUCE ATHER HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE AFTER DISPOSAL - H15? To be considered in addition to but after H1-H14 Does the waste contain substances with R1, R4, R5, R6, R16, R18, R19, or R44 which can exhibit hazards H1-H14? Can the waste otherwise degrade to form a substance which exhibits hazards H1-H14? Can the waste release, as a leachate from a landfill, a substance which exhibits hazards H1-H14? Can the waste react with other wastes or substances to produce a substance which exhibits hazards H1-H14? Can the waste produce on combustion a substance which exhibits hazards H1-H14? Not by H15 YES YES YES YES YES waste by H15 waste by H15 waste by H15 waste by H15 waste by H15 13

16 APPENDIX 1 INDEX Chapter/Section 0804 Adhesives Batteries & Chemicals from medical research Chemicals other than those from chapter Detergents Electrical equipment Fluorescent tubes and other lamps Formalin & Foundry waste Fridges/freezers Machining oils 11 Metal surface treatment including degreasing waste 13 Oil Paints Pesticides Photographic and printing chemicals Printing inks Solvents and degreasing solvents except those covered by chapter 11 Chapters of the list of wastes From The list of wastes Regulations 2005 Chapters not relevant to the University are greyed out. 01 Wastes resulting from exploration, mining, quarrying, physical and chemical treatment of minerals 02 Wastes from agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture, forestry, hunting and fishing, food preparation and processing 03 Wastes from wood processing and the production of panels and furniture, pulp, paper and cardboard 04 Wastes from the leather, fur and textile industries 05 Wastes from petroleum refining, natural gas purification and pyrolytic treatment of coal 06 Wastes from inorganic chemical processes 07 Wastes from organic chemical processes 08 Wastes from the manufacture, formulation, supply and use (MFSU) of coatings (paints, varnishes and vitreous enamels), adhesives, sealants and printing inks 09 Wastes from the photographic industry 10 Wastes from thermal processes 11 Wastes from chemical surface treatment and coating of metals and other materials; non-ferrous hydro-metallurgy 12 Wastes from shaping and physical and mechanical surface treatment of metals and plastics 13 Oil wastes and wastes of liquid fuels (except edible oils, 05 and 12) 14 Waste organic solvents, refrigerants and propellants (except 07 and 08) 15 Waste packaging; absorbents, wiping cloths, filter materials and protective clothing not otherwise specified 16 Wastes not otherwise specified in the list 17 Construction and demolition wastes (including excavated soil from contaminated sites) 18 Wastes from human or animal health care and/or related research (except kitchen and restaurant wastes not arising from immediate health care) 19 Wastes from waste management facilities, off-site waste water treatment plants and the preparation of water intended for human consumption and water for industrial use 20 Municipal wastes (household waste and similar commercial, industrial and institutional wastes) including separately collected fractions the list of wastes 14

17 Excluding non-hazardous wastes, chapters and entries not relevant to the University. The right-hand column denotes whether an entry is A = absolute, waste is hazardous regardless of concentration of dangerous substance present, or M = mirror, waste is hazardous only if concentration threshold or property range for dangerous substance is exceeded (see Appendix 2). In order to select an appropriate 6-digit code, the regulations require you to first consider the entries in chapters 01 to 12 and 17 to 20. If a suitable code cannot be found in chapters 01 to 12 and 17 to 20 an appropriate 6-digit code from chapters 13 to 15 should be used. For examples of the 6-digit codes for typical University wastes see codes.pdf 02 WASTES FROM AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, AQUACULTURE, FORESTRY, HUNTING AND FISHING, FOOD PREPARATION AND PROCESSING * agrochemical waste containing dangerous substances M 03 WASTES FROM WOOD PROCESSING AND THE PRODUCTION OF PANELS AND FURNITURE, PULP, PAPER AND CARDBOARD wastes from wood processing and the production of panels and furniture * sawdust, shavings, cuttings, wood, particle board and veneer containing dangerous M substances wastes from wood preservation * non-halogenated organic wood preservatives A * organochlorinated wood preservatives A * organometallicwoodorganometallic wood preservatives A * in organic wood preservatives A * other wood preservatives containing dangerous substances M 08 WASTES FROM THE MANUFACTURE, FORMULATION, SUPPLY AND USE (MFSU) OF COATINGS (PAINTS, VARNISHES AND VITREOUS ENAMELS), ADHESIVES, SEALANTS AND PRINTING INKS wastes from MFSU and removal of paint and varnish * waste paint and varnish containing organic solvents or other dangerous substances M * sludges from paint or varnish containing organic solvents or other dangerous M substances * aqueous sludges containing paint or varnish containing organic solvents or other M dangerous substances wastes from MFSU of printing inks * waste ink containing dangerous substances M * ink sludges containing dangerous substances M * waste etching solutions A * waste printing toner containing dangerous substances M * disperse oil A wastes from MFSU of adhesives and sealants (including waterproofing products) * waste adhesives and sealants containing organic solvents or other dangerous substances * adhesive and sealant sludges containing organic solvents or other dangerous M substances * aqueous sludges containing adhesives or sealants containing organic solvents or other M dangerous substances * aqueous liquid waste containing adhesives or sealants containing organic solvents or M other dangerous substances aqueous liquid waste containing adhesives or sealants other than those mentioned in M * rosin oil A wastes not otherwise specified in * waste isocyanates A 09 WASTES FROM THE PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRY wastes from the photographic industry * water-based developer and activator solutions A * water-based offset plate developer solutions A * solvent-based developer solutions A * fixer solutions A M 15

18 * bleach solutions and bleach fixer solutions A * wastes containing silver from on-site treatment of photographic wastes M * single-use cameras containing batteries included in , or A * aqueous liquid waste from on-site reclamation of silver other than those mentioned in WASTES FROM THERMAL PROCESSES wastes from other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy * salt slag from primary and secondary production A * dross and skimmings that are flammable or emit, upon contact with water, flammable M gases in dangerous quantities * tar-containing wastes from anode manufacture M * flue-gas dust containing dangerous substances M * sludges and filter cakes from flue-gas treatment containing dangerous substances M * wastes from cooling-water treatment containing oil M wastes from casting of ferrous pieces * casting cores and moulds which have not undergone pouring containing dangerous substances * casting cores and moulds which have undergone pouring containing dangerous M substances * flue-gas dust containing dangerous substances M * other particulates containing dangerous substances M * waste binders containing dangerous substances M * waste crack-indicating agent containing dangerous substances M wastes from casting of non-ferrous pieces * casting cores and moulds which have not undergone pouring, containing dangerous substances * casting cores and moulds which have undergone pouring, containing dangerous M substances * flue-gas dust containing dangerous substances M * other particulates containing dangerous substances M * waste binders containing dangerous substances M * waste crack-indicating agent containing dangerous substances M wastes from manufacture of glass and glass products * waste preparation mixture before thermal processing, containing dangerous substances * waste glass in small particles and glass powder containing heavy metals (for example M from cathode ray tubes) * glass-polishing and -grinding sludge containing dangerous substances M * solid wastes from flue-gas treatment containing dangerous substances M * sludges and filter cakes from flue-gas treatment containing dangerous substances M * solid wastes from on-site effluent treatment containing dangerous substances M 11 WASTES FROM CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT AND COATING OF METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS; N-FERROUS HYDROMETALLURGY wastes from chemical surface treatment and coating of metals and other materials (for example galvanic processes, zinc coating processes, pickling processes, etching, phosphating, alkaline degreasing, anodising) * pickling acids A * acids not otherwise specified A * pickling bases A * phosphatising sludges A * sludges and filter cakes containing dangerous substances M * aqueous rinsing liquids containing dangerous substances M * degreasing wastes containing dangerous substances M * eluate and sludges from membrane systems or ion exchange systems containing M dangerous substances * saturated or spent ion exchange resins A * other wastes containing dangerous substances M wastes from non-ferrous hydrometallurgical processes * sludges from zinc hydrometallurgy (including jarosite, goethite) A A M M M 16

19 * wastes from copper hydrometallurgical processes containing dangerous substances M * other wastes containing dangerous substances M sludges and solids from tempering processes * wastes containing cyanide A * other wastes A wastes from hot galvanising processes * solid wastes from gas treatment A * spent flux A 12 WASTES FROM SHAPING AND PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALS AND PLASTICS wastes from shaping and physical and mechanical surface treatment of metals and plastics * mineral-based machining oils containing halogens (except emulsions and solutions) A * mineral-based machining oils free of halogens (except emulsions and solutions) A * machining emulsions and solutions containing halogens A * machining emulsions and solutions free of halogens A * synthetic machining oils A * spent waxes and fats A * machining sludges containing dangerous substances M * waste blasting material containing dangerous substances M * metal sludge (grinding, honing and lapping sludge) containing oil M * readily biodegradable machining oil A * spent grinding bodies and grinding materials containing dangerous substances M wastes from water and steam degreasing processes (except 11) * aqueous washing liquids A * steam degreasing wastes A 13 OIL WASTES AND WASTES OF LIQUID FUELS (except edible oils, and those in chapters 05, 12 and 19) waste hydraulic oils * hydraulic oils, containing PCBs 1 1 For the purpose of this list of wastes, PCBs will be defined as in Directive 96/59/EC * chlorinated emulsions A * non-chlorinated emulsions A * mineral-based chlorinated hydraulic oils A * mineral based non-chlorinated hydraulic oils A * synthetic hydraulic oils A * readily biodegradable hydraulic oils A * other hydraulic oils A waste engine, gear and lubricating oils * mineral-based chlorinated engine, gear and lubricating oils A * mineral-based non-chlorinated engine, gear and lubricating oils A * synthetic engine, gear and lubricating oils A * readily biodegradable engine, gear and lubricating oils A * other engine, gear and lubricating oils A waste insulating and heat transmission oils * insulating or heat transmission oils containing PCBs A * mineral-based chlorinated insulating and heat transmission oils other than those A mentioned in * mineral-based non-chlorinated insulating and heat transmission oils A * synthetic insulating and heat transmission oils A * readily biodegradable insulating and heat transmission oils A * other insulating and heat transmission oils A bilge oils * bilge oils from inland navigation A * bilge oils from jetty sewers A * bilge oils from other navigation A oil/water separator contents * solids from grit chambers and oil/water separators A * sludges from oil/water separators A * interceptor sludges A A 17

20 * oil from oil/water separators A * oily water from oil/water separators A * mixtures of wastes from grit chambers and oil/water separators A wastes of liquid fuels * fuel oil and diesel A * petrol A * other fuels (including mixtures) A oil wastes not otherwise specified * desalter sludges or emulsions A * other emulsions A * wastes not otherwise specified A 14 WASTE ORGANIC SOLVENTS, REFRIGERANTS AND PROPELLANTS (except 07 and 08) waste organic solvents, refrigerants and foam/aerosol propellants * chlorofluorocarbons, HCFC, HFC A * other halogenated solvents and solvent mixtures A * other solvents and solvent mixtures A * sludges or solid wastes containing halogenated solvents A * sludges or solid wastes containing other solvents A 15 WASTE PACKAGING; ABSORBENTS, WIPING CLOTHS, FILTER MATERIALS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING T OTHERWISE SPECIFIED packaging (including separately collected municipal packaging waste) * packaging containing residues of or contaminated by dangerous substances M * metallic packaging containing a dangerous solid porous matrix (for example asbestos), M including empty pressure containers absorbents, filter materials, wiping cloths and protective clothing * absorbents, filter materials (including oil filters not otherwise specified), wiping cloths, protective clothing contaminated by dangerous substances 16 WASTES T OTHERWISE SPECIFIED IN THE LIST wastes from electrical and electronic equipment * transformers and capacitors containing PCBs M * discarded equipment containing or contaminated by PCBs other than those mentioned M in * discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons, HCFC, HFC M * discarded equipment containing free asbestos M * discarded equipment containing hazardous components 2 other than those mentioned in to components from electrical and electronic equipment may include accumulators and batteries mentioned in and marked as hazardous; mercury switches, glass from cathode ray tubes and other activated glass, etc. M * hazardous components removed from discarded equipment A waste explosives * waste ammunition A * fireworks wastes A * other waste explosives A gases in pressure containers and discarded chemicals * gases in pressure containers (including halons) containing dangerous substances M * laboratory chemicals, consisting of or containing dangerous substances, including M mixtures of laboratory chemicals * discarded inorganic chemicals consisting of or containing dangerous substances M * discarded organic chemicals consisting of or containing dangerous substances M batteries and accumulators * lead batteries A * Ni-Cd batteries A * mercury-containing batteries A * separately collected electrolyte from batteries and accumulators A oxidising substances M 18

21 * permanganates, for example potassium permanganate A * chromates, for example potassium chromate, potassium or sodium dichromate A * peroxides, for example hydrogen peroxide A * oxidising substances, not otherwise specified A aqueous liquid wastes destined for off-site treatment * aqueous liquid wastes containing dangerous substances M * aqueous concentrates containing dangerous substances M waste linings and refractories * carbon-based linings and refractories from metallurgical processes containing M dangerous substances * other linings and refractories from metallurgical processes containing dangerous M substances * linings and refractories from non-metallurgical processes containing dangerous substances 17 CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTES (INCLUDING EXCAVATED SOIL FROM CONTAMINATED SITES) concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics * mixtures of, or separate fractions of concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics containing dangerous substances wood, glass and plastic * glass, plastic and wood containing or contaminated with dangerous substances M bituminous mixtures, coal tar and tarred products * bituminous mixtures containing coal tar M * coal tar and tarred products A metals (including their alloys) * metal waste contaminated with dangerous substances M * cables containing oil, coal tar and other dangerous substances M soil (including excavated soil from contaminated sites), stones and dredging spoil * soil and stones containing dangerous substances M insulation materials and asbestos-containing construction materials * insulation materials containing asbestos M * other insulation materials consisting of or containing dangerous substances M * construction materials containing asbestos M * gypsum-based construction materials contaminated with dangerous substances M other construction and demolition wastes * construction and demolition wastes containing mercury M * construction and demolition wastes containing PCB (for example PCB-containing sealants, PCB-containing resin-based floorings, PCB-containing sealed glazing units, PCB-containing capacitors) * other construction and demolition wastes (including mixed wastes) containing dangerous substances 18 WASTES FROM HUMAN OR ANIMAL HEALTH CARE AND/OR RELATED RESEARCH (except kitchen and restaurant wastes not arising from immediate health care) wastes from natal care, diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease in humans * chemicals consisting of or containing dangerous substances M * cytotoxic and cytostatic medicines A * amalgam waste from dental care A wastes from research, diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease involving animals * chemicals consisting of or containing dangerous substances M * cytotoxic and cytostatic medicines A 20 MUNICIPAL WASTES (HOUSEHOLD WASTE AND SIMILAR COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL WASTES) INCLUDING SEPARATELY COLLECTED FRACTIONS separately collected fractions (except 15 01) * solvents A * acids A M M M M 19

22 * alkalines A * photochemicals A * pesticides A * fluorescent tubes and other mercury-containing waste A * discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons M * oil and fat other than those mentioned in A * paint, inks, adhesives and resins containing dangerous substances M * detergents containing dangerous substances M * cytotoxic and cytostatic medicines A * batteries and accumulators included in , or and unsorted A batteries and accumulators containing these batteries * discarded electrical and electronic equipment other than those mentioned in M and containing hazardous components 6 components from electrical and electronic equipment may include accumulators and batteries mentioned in and marked as hazardous; mercury switches, glass from cathode ray tubes and other activated glass etc * wood containing dangerous substances M 20

23 APPENDIX 2 H1 H2 H3-A H3-B H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12 H13 H14 H15 Properties "Explosive": substances and preparations which may explode under the effect of flame or which are more sensitive to shocks or friction than dinitrobenzene. "Oxidising": substances and preparations which exhibit highly exothermic reactions when in contact with other substances, particularly flammable substances. "Highly flammable": -liquid substances and preparations having a flash point below 21 C (including extremely flammable liquids), or -substances and preparations which may become hot and finally catch fire in contact with air at ambient temperature without any application of energy, or -solid substances and preparations which may readily catch fire after brief contact with a source of ignition and which continue to burn or to be consumed after removal of the source of ignition, or -gaseous substances and preparations which are flammable in air at normal pressure, or -substances and preparations which, in contact with water or damp air, evolve highly flammable gases in dangerous quantities. "Flammable": liquid substances and preparations having a flash point equal to or greater than 21 C and less than or equal to 55 C. "Irritant": non-corrosive substances and preparations which, through immediate, prolonged or repeated contact with the skin or mucous membrane, can cause inflammation. "Harmful": substances and preparations which, if they are inhaled or ingested or if they penetrate the skin, may involve limited health risks. "Toxic": substances and preparations (including very toxic substances and preparations) which, if they are inhaled or ingested or if they penetrate the skin, may involve serious, acute or chronic health risks and even death. "Carcinogenic": substances and preparations which, if they are inhaled or ingested or if they penetrate the skin, may induce cancer or increase its incidence. "Corrosive": substances and preparations which may destroy living tissue on contact. "Infectious": substances containing viable micro-organisms or their toxins which are known or reliably believed to cause disease in man or other living organisms. "Teratogenic"*: substances and preparations which, if they are inhaled or ingested or if they penetrate the skin, may induce non-hereditary congenital malformations or increase their incidence. "Mutagenic": substances and preparations which, if they are inhaled or ingested or if they penetrate the skin, may induce hereditary genetic defects or increase their incidence. Substances and preparations which release toxic or very toxic gases in contact with water, air or an acid. Sensitizing : substances and preparations which, if they are inhaled or if they penetrate the skin, are capable of eliciting a reaction of hypersensitization such that on further exposure to the substance or preparation, characteristic adverse effects are produced. [As far as testing methods are available]. "Ecotoxic": substances and preparations which present or may present immediate or delayed risks for one or more sectors of the environment. Substances and preparations capable by any means, after disposal, of yielding another substance, e.g. a leachate, which possesses any of the characteristics listed above. * Whilst the Waste Regulations 2005 follow the " Waste Directive" and use the term "Teratogenic" for H10, it notes that the "CHIP Regulations and "Labelling Directive" now use an extended definition - "Toxic for reproduction" - and this features in the European Waste Catalogue 2002 and List of Wastes Regulations 2005 "Toxic for reproduction" - "substances and preparations which, if they are inhaled or ingested or if they penetrate the skin, may produce or increase non-heritable adverse effects in the progeny and/or of male or female reproductive functions or capacity". 21

24 Concentration Threshold/Range or Property Value for Specific Risk for "Dangerous substance" Note "classified" means using CHIP Regulations criteria as though the substance was being assessed for container labelling. H3 Flammable H4 Irritant H5 Harmful: H6 Toxic flash point 55 C. One or more substances classified "Corrosive" with risk phrases: R35-1% total concentration < 5% R34-5% total concentration < 10% One or more substances classified "Irritant" with risk prhrasesphrases: R41 - total concentration 10%; R36, R37 or R38 - total concentration 20% One or more substances classified "Very Toxic" with risk prhrasesphrases: R26, R27, R28 or R39-0.1% total concentration < 7% One or more substances classified "Toxic" with risk prhrasesphrases: R23, R24, R25, R39 or R48-3% total concentration < 25% One or more substances classified "Harmful" with risk prhrasesphrases: R20, R21, R22, R65, R 68 or R48 - total concentration 25% One or more substances classified "Very Toxic" with risk prhrasesphrases: R26, R27, R28 or R39 - total concentration 7% One or more substances classified toxic with risk phrases: R23, R24, R25, R39 or R48 - total concentration 25% H7 Carcinogenic One substance known to be a Category 1 or 2 carcinogen, risk phrases R45 or R49: concentration 0.1% One substance known to be a Category 3 carcinogen, risk phrase R40: concentration 1% H8 Corrosive H10 Toxic for reproduction H11 Mutagenic H13 Sensitising One or more substances classified "Corrosive" with risk phrases: R35 - total concentration 5% R34 - total concentration 10% One substance toxic for reproduction: classified category 1 or 2 with risk phrases R60 or R61 - concentration 0.5% classified category 3 with risk phrases R62 or R63 - concentration 5% One mutagenic substance: classified category 1 or 2 with risk phrases R46 - concentration 0.1% classified category 3 with risk phrase R68 - concentration 1% One or more substances classified as Sensitising with risk phrases: R42, R43 total concentrations 1% for solids and liquids / 0.2% for gases 22

25 APPENDIX 3 CHIP Regulations Risk Phrases ("R" Numbers) 1 Explosive when dry 2 Risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition 3 Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition 4 Forms very sensitive explosive metallic compounds 5 Heating may cause an explosion 6 Explosive with or without contact with air 7 May cause fire 8 Contact with combustible material may cause fire 9 Explosive when mixed with combustible material 10 Flammable 11 Highly flammable 12 Extremely flammable 14 Reacts violently with water 15 Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases 16 Explosive when mixed with oxidising substances 17 Spontaneously flammable in air 18 In use may form flammable/explosive vapour-air mixture 19 May form explosive peroxides 20 Harmful by inhalation 21 Harmful in contact with skin 22 Harmful if swallowed 23 Toxic by inhalation 24 Toxic in contact with skin 25 Toxic if swallowed 26 Very toxic by inhalation 27 Very toxic in contact with skin 28 Very toxic if swallowed 29 Contact with water liberates toxic gas 30 Can become highly flammable in use 31 Contact with acids liberates toxic gas 32 Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas 33 Danger of cumulative effects 34 Causes burns 35 Causes severe burns 36 Irritating to the eyes 37 Irritating to the respiratory system 38 Irritating to the skin 39 Danger of very serious irreversible effects 40 Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect 41 Risk of serious damage to eyes 42 May cause sensitisation by inhalation 43 May cause sensitisation by skin contact 44 Risk of explosion if heated under confinement 45 May cause cancer 46 May cause heritable genetic damage 48 Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure 49 May cause cancer by inhalation 50 Very toxic to aquatic organisms 51 Toxic to aquatic organisms 52 Harmful to aquatic organisms 53 May cause long term adverse effects in the aquatic environment 54 Toxic to flora 55 Toxic to fauna 56 Toxic to soil organisms 57 Toxic to bees 58 May cause long term adverse effects in the environment 59 Dangerous for the ozone layer 60 May impair fertility 23

26 61 May cause harm to the unborn child 62 Possible risk of impaired fertility 63 Possible risk of harm to the unborn child 64 May cause harm to breastfed babies 65 Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed 66 Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking 67 Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness 68 Possible risk of irreversible effects 14/15 Reacts violently with water, liberating extremely flammable gases 15/29 Contact with water liberates toxic, extremely flammable gas 20/21 Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin 20/21/22 Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 20/22 Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed 21/22 Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed 23/24 Toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin 23/24/25 Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 23/25 Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed 24/25 Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed 26/27 Very toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin 26/27/28 Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 26/28 Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed 27/28 Very toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed 36/37 Irritating to eyes and respiratory system 36/37/38 Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin 36/38 Irritating to eyes and skin 37/38 Irritating to respiratory system and skin 39/23 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation 39/23/24 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin 39/23/24/25 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 39/23/25 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed 39/24 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin 39/24/25 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed 39/25 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects if swallowed 39/26 Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation 39/26/27 Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin 39/26/27/28 Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 39/26/28 Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed 39/27 Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin 39/27/28 Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed 39/28 Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects if swallowed 42/43 May cause sensitisation by inhalation and skin contact 48/20 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation 48/20/21 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and in contact with skin 48/20/21/22 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 48/20/22 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and if swallowed 48/21 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin 48/21/22 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin and if swallowed 48/22 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed 24

27 48/23 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation 48/23/24 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and in contact with skin 48/23/24/25 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 48/23/25 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and if swallowed 48/24 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin 48/24/25 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin and if swallowed 48/25 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed 50/53 Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment 51/53 Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment 52/53 Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment 68/20 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation 68/20/21 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin 68/20/21/22 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 68/20/22 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed 68/22 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects if swallowed 68/21 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects in contact with skin 68/21/22 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed 25

28 APPENDIX 4 Particular Cases The following guidance is based on that in Environment Agency Technical guides. Many wastes previously considered non-hazardous because of the small quantity of hazardous substance present or because of the dilution effect when mixed with non-hazardous waste are now identified as hazardous waste under the new legislation. Fridges and Freezers Old fridges and freezers are likely to have CFCs as refigerantrefrigerant. CFCs are ozone depleting substances, R59, and therefore classified H14. Refrigerators and freezers containing CFCs do not have a specific entry in the List of Wastes. However, they can be accommodated by a more general entry relating to discarded electrical equipment in chapter 20 of the list: 20 Municipal Wastes (Household waste and similar commercial, industrial and institutional wastes) including separately collected fractions The appropriate code in this chapter for discarded fridges and freezers containing CFCs is: * discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons This is a mirror entry. However, fridges and freezers will easily exceed the threshold concentration of 0.1% for R59 substances. PCB wastes A specific entry for transformers and capacitors containing PCBs is found in Chapter 16 of the List of Wastes, under the sub-heading : Wastes from electrical and electronic equipment. The appropriate code is: transformers and capacitors containing PCBs. This is a mirror entry and the thesholdthreshold concentration of PCBs for H14 is 0.005%. Old fluorescent light fittings should be inspected for PCB capacitors. If the capacitor is removed it will be hazardous waste, classified as above and the fitting will then be non-hazardous. If the PCB containing capacitor is not removed the fitting will be classified as under the same sub-heading as above but with the code: discarded equipment containing or contaminated by PCBs other than those mentioned in This also is a mirror entry and the thesholdthreshold concentration of PCBs for H14 is 0.005% Fluorescent light tubes Fluorescent tubes are treated differently under the new Waste Regulations. All fluorescent tubes, from the large strip-lights to the smaller energy saving bulbs, are believed to contain mercury in varying quantities. The List of Wastes identifies discarded fluorescent tubes as a hazardous waste without recourse to analysis. The specific entry in the waste list for a discarded fluorescent tube is found in Chapter 20 of the List of Wastes: 20 Municipal Wastes (Household waste and similar commercial, industrial and institutional wastes) including separately collected fractions The appropriate code in this chapter for a single or a number of separately collected fluorescent tubes is: * fluorescent tubes and other mercury-containing waste This is a so-called absolute entry, which means that it is hazardous waste regardless of the concentration of mercury Mercury is classified as a dangerous substance and has the following risk phrases: R23 toxic by inhalation; and R50-53 Very toxic to aquatic organisms and may cause long term effects in the aquatic environment. These risk phrases relate to hazards H6, toxic and H14, ecotoxic, respectively. As the mercury is present in fluorescent tubes in elemental form, they will also possess these hazards H6 and H14. Sodium Lamps There are two types of sodium lamps:- Low pressure lamps which contain sodium only 26