WASTEWATER STABILIZATION PONDS FECAL COLIFORM REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES
|
|
- Angel Fields
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 WASTEWATER STABILIZATION PONDS FECAL COLIFORM REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES Martins de Aguiar Marluce 1, rreira MendonçaAntonio Sérgio 2* 1 Espírito Santo State Secretary for Health 2 Environmental Engineering M.Sc. Program at the deral University of Espírito Santo. Av. São Paulo 1890/104 - Praia da Costa- Vila Velha - ES - CEP 29101/301 BRAZIL. FAX : asergio@npd1.ufes.br ABSTRACT- The main objective of the research was the evaluation of the fecal coliform bacteria (FC) removal efficiencies for waste stabilization ponds (WSP) located in the Great Vitória region, southeast of Brazil. Statistical analysis was applied to data from 5 (five) wastewater treatment systems. Data from long term monitoring were analyzed. Eldorado, Laranjeiras and Maringá systems are composed by anaerobic ponds followed by facultative ponds. Mata da Serra and Barcelona systems present only one facultative pond each. Geometric average FC concentrations for the raw sewage, anaerobic pond and final effluent for all treatment systems were computed. The results showed the lower efficiency obtained by utilizing only one facultative pond. However, Laranjeiras two-pond system, underdesigned and presenting other design problems, showed average efficiencies close to those obtained by one-pond systems. Espírito Santo State and brazilian legislation for freshwater quality indicate the limit for fecal coliforms concentration as NMP/100 ml. The two-pond treatment systems named as Eldorado and Maringá presented average effluents FC concentrations ten times as much this limit. Facultative ponds systems and Laranjeiras twopond system presented concentrations higher than one hundred as much the legislation limit. The water bodies that receive the final effluents from the analyzed WSP systems are very small creeks presenting minimum annual discharges lower than ten times as much the average of the effluent discharges. Hence, in order to satisfy environmental legislation and improve water resources quality it is necessary the construction of effluent polishing ponds or the application of desinfection procedures. Palabras clave: coliforms, waste stabilization ponds, wastewater treatment efficiency INTRODUCTION Wastewater Stabilization Ponds(WSP) are utilized all around the world for wastewater treatment. WSP treatment efficiencies are generally measured by the relationships between treated and raw sewage Biochemical Oxygen Demands(BOD) or cal Coliforms(FC). The main objective of the study was the evaluation of the fecal coliforms removal efficiencies for waste stabilization ponds located in the Great Vitória metropolitan region, in the Espírito Santo State, southeast of Brazil. cal coliforms are well accepted as indicators for fecal pathogenic viruses and bacteria. Coliforms analysis results are utilized for testing the suitability of water for different uses such as human supply, irrigation, bathing, leisure and aquaculture. Human diseases transmitted through water, such as hepatitis and gastroenteritis are common in Brazil and in the Espírito Santo State. Wastewater treatment plants coliforms removal efficiencies are utilized as indicators for their efficiency for pathogenic viruses and bacteria removal. Efficiency analysis for wastewater stabilization ponds must take into account local climatological and geographical conditions. WSP efficiencies depend on biological aspects, such as raw sewage quality and strength. Biological activity is affected by many environment factors such as temperature, wind velocity, sunlight; physical factors, such as ponds geometry, dead zones, stratification, position of inflow and outflow structures; dissolved oxygen concentrations; ph; light absence; algae adsorption, etc. Statistical analysis was applied to data from 5 (five) wastewater treatment systems located in the Great Vitória metropolitan area, that are operated by CESAN (Companhia Espiritossantensse de Saneamento). Data from long term monitoring of the systems (from 1984 to 1994) were analyzed. Eldorado, Laranjeiras and Maringá systems are composed by anaerobic ponds followed by facultative ponds. Mata da Serra and Barcelona systems present only one facultative pond each.
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS Statistical analysis was applied to data originated from long term monitoring ( ) for 5 (five) wastewater treatment systems located in the Great Vitória metropolitan area, Espírito Santo State, southeast of Brazil, that are operated by CESAN (Companhia Espiritossantensse de Saneamento). The selected systems treat sanitary sewage originated from residential districts located in Serra municipal district. Eldorado, Laranjeiras and Maringá systems are composed by anaerobic ponds followed by facultative ponds. Mata da Serra and Barcelona systems present only one facultative pond each. The main geometric characteristics for the analyzed wastewater stabilization ponds are presented on Table 1. Table 1 - Wastewater Stabilization Ponds Geometric Characteristics SYSTEM TYPE AVERAGE AREA(sq.m.) V(cu.m.) DEPTH (m) Barcelona Facultative ,715 43,501 Mata da Serra Facultative ,712 6,340 Eldorado Anaerobic ,020 1,978 Eldorado Facultative ,000 23,750 Laranjeiras Anaerobic ,447 8,762 Laranjeiras Facultative ,226 7,057 Maringá Anaerobic ,096 2,213 Maringá Facultative ,946 6,669 The number of houses and population that contribute with sewage for the different systems are shown on Table 2. Table 2 - Number of houses and population that contributes for the systems SYSTEM HOUSES POPULATION Barcelona 3,663 15,750 Mata da Serra 721 3,100 Eldorado 1,860 7,998 Laranjeiras 7,000 31,000 Maringá 465 2,000 Serra municipal district is geographically located on the south latitude and west longitude Table 3 presents the main climatological characteristics for the region.
3 Table 3 - Climatological data (1994) MONTH TEMPERATURE ( C) HUMIDITY (%) CLOUDINESS ( 0-10) TOTAL RAINFALL (mm) JAN FEV MAR ABR MAI JUN JUL AGO SET OUT NOV DEZ Espírito Santo Company for Sanitary Works (CESAN) monitors sewage inflow and outflow physico-chemical and bacteriological water quality parameters for the ponds that compose the five treatment systems. Samples are collected and analyzed once or twice a month. During this study ph, Dissolved Oxygen(D.O.) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand(B.O.D), besides fecal coliforms, parameters, estimated from simple samples, were statistically analyzed. The number of samples and sampling periods for each system are shown on Table 4. Table 4 - Sampling period an number of samples SYSTEM Sampling Period Total Samples Barcelona Mata da Serra Eldorado Laranjeiras Maringá Systems inflow and outflow sewage discharges were measured by using Parshall flumes and triangular weirs. Table 5 shows the average inflow discharges and detention times for the treatment systems during Since inflows from anaerobic to facultative ponds, intermediary flows, were not measured by CESAN, it was assumed, as an approximation, for the filling of this table, that all the sewage that enters the anaerobic ponds reaches the facultative ponds (neither infiltration nor evaporation losses). Table 5 - Average discharges and detention times SYSTEM TYPE DISCHARGE (l/s) DETENTION TIMES (days) Barcelona Facultative Mata da Serra Facultative Eldorado Anaerobic Eldorado Facultative Laranjeiras Anaerobic Laranjeiras Facultative Maringá Anaerobic Maringá Facultative
4 RESULTS Tables 6 and 7 show the average values for ph, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolved Oxygen and cal Coliforms, for the five systems analyzed, during the monitoring period., and represent Raw sewage, Anaerobic pond effluent and Facultative pond effluent. N represents the total number of samples analyzed. Table 6 - Average ph and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) parameters for the monitoring period SYSTEM N ph ph ph B.O.D. B.O.D. B.O.D. Barcelona Mata da Serra Eldorado Laranjeiras Maringá Table 7 - Average Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) and cal Coliforms(NMP/100 ml) parameters for the monitoring period SYSTEM N D.O. D.O. D.O. C.F. C.F. C.F. Barcelona x x 10 5 Mata da Serra x x 10 5 Eldorado x x x 10 4 Laranjeiras x x x 10 5 Maringá x x x 10 3 From Table 7, Barcelona treatment system geometric average fecal coliforms concentrations for raw sewage and facultative pond effluents were 1.3x10 8 and 7.8 x10 5 NMP/100 ml. For Mata da Serra system the corresponding concentrations were 6.5x10 7 and 4.0x10 5. Geometric average fecal coliforms concentrations for the raw sewage, anaerobic pond and final effluent for Eldorado treatment system were 7.3x10 7, 4.6x10 6, and 1.1x10 4 NMP/100 ml. For Laranjeiras system the corresponding values were 5.0x10 7, 2,5x10 6 and 4.4x10 5. For Maringá system, the corresponding values were 5,8x10 7, 1,7x10 6 and 7,5x10 3 NMP/100 ml. Table 8 shows the average fecal coliforms removal efficiencies (%) for the anaerobic ponds (Ap) and facultative ponds (Fp) that compose the five wastewater treatment systems analyzed. Table 8 - Average FC removal efficiencies SYSTEM N Removal Efficiency Anaerobic Pond Removal Efficiency Facultative Pond Removal Efficiency System Barcelona Mata da Serra Eldorado Laranjeiras Maringá
5 cal coliforms average removal efficiencies for Eldorado, Laranjeiras and Maringá wastewater treatment systems were , and %. For Mata da Serra and Barcelona systems, presenting only facultative ponds, the average removal efficiencies were and %. DISCUSSION Wastewater stabilization ponds systems fecal coliforms removal efficiencies depend on several factors, including raw sewage quality, organic load, temperature, wind velocity, sunlight, ponds geometric form, inflow and outflow structures position, ph, starvation, absence of light phenomenon and algae adsorption (Parhad and Rao, 1974; Middlebrooks et al Silva e itosa, 1984; Curtis and Mara, 1994; Frederik and Lloyd, 1995; e Oragui et al., 1995). Distances between the waste stabilization ponds are lower than 10 miles. Hence, the climatological conditions for all the analyzed systems are very close. Sewage that reaches all the systems comes from low income blue-collar residential districts. Barcelona and Mata da Serra systems, presenting only one facultative pond, presented average final effluent fecal coliforms concentrations 7.8 x 10 5 and 3.9 x 10 5 NMP/100 ml, corresponding to and % average removal efficiencies. Eldorado and Maringá systems, composed by one anaerobic and one facultative pond in series, presented lower final effluent fecal coliforms concentrations ( 1.1 x 10 4 and 7.5 x 10 3 NMP/100 ml) and higher fecal coliforms removal efficiencies ( and %). These results showed the lower efficiency obtained by utilizing only a facultative pond in comparison with the use of two-pond systems. Larger total detention times for the two-pond systems (46.9 and 69 days for Eldorado and Maringá systems, comparing with 25.6 and 26.9 for Barcelona and Mata da Serra systems) contributed for their best performance. However, Laranjeiras wastewater treatment system results, similar to those presented by the one-pond systems indicate that it is not enough to have more than one pond in order to obtain higher fecal coliforms removal efficiencies. Among the factors that contributed for the weak performance of this system are the underdesign (measured sewage discharges were more than three times the design discharge), low detention time, 4.6 days and ponds geometric form (close to a square). Pearson(1987), indicate that the larger the relationship between the length and width for the pond, the higher the fecal coliform removal efficiency. Average effluent fecal coliforms concentrations for Eldorado and Maringá wastewater treatment systems were ten times as much the corresponding to Laranjeiras and two pond systems. Espírito Santo State and brazilian legislation (SEMA/MHU, 1986) for freshwater quality indicate the limit for fecal coliforms concentration as NMP/100 ml. Eldorado and Maringá two-pond treatment systems presented average effluents fecal coliforms concentrations ten times as much this limit. Laranjeiras and facultative ponds systems presented concentrations higher than one hundred as much this legislation concentration limit. Average ph parameters for the final effluents from Eldorado and Maringá systems were higher than 8( 8.7 and 8.4, respectively), while the averages for the other systems (lower fecal coliforms removal efficiencies) were lower than 8. Average final effluents dissolved oxygen concentrations for Eldorado and Maringá systems reached values higher than the saturation concentration(9.4 and 9.1, respectively). For Laranjeiras system, the average final effluents dissolved oxygen concentration was 6.8, while the averages for the one facultative pond systems were below 6 (5.6 for Mata da Serra and 1.8 for Barcelona).
6 CONCLUSION All the analyzed systems presented average fecal coliforms removal efficiencies lower than 99.9 %. One facultative pond systems presented the lowest average fecal coliform bacteria removal efficiencies (below 98.5%). Underdesign and poor facultative pond geometric form contributed to the very weak performance for the two-pond Laranjeiras system (removal efficiency also below 98.5%). Systems that produced effluents presenting ph average values larger than 9.0 also presented the largest fecal coliforms removal efficiencies. The water bodies that receive the final effluents from the analyzed wastewater treatment systems are very small creeks presenting minimum annual discharges lower than ten times as much the average of the effluent discharges. Hence, in order to satisfy environmental legislation it is necessary the construction of effluent polishing ponds or the application of desinfection procedures for reducing the concentration of fecal coliform bacteria that reach the water bodies even for the Eldorado and Maringá systems that presented the highest removal efficiencies. Addition of anaerobic ponds to the Barcelona and Mata da Serra systems and the design of a new wastewater treatment system for Laranjeiras is also recommended. BIBLIOGRAPHY CURTIS, T.P. and MARA, D.D (1994) The Effect of Sunlight on Mechanism for the Die-off of cal Coliform Bacteria in Waste Stabilization Ponds. University of Leeds. Research Monograph n 1. pp4-17. FREDERICK, G.L. and Lloyd, B.J. (1995) An Evaluation of Retention Time and Short-Circuiting in Waste Stabilization Ponds using Serratia Marcescens Bacteriaphage as a Tracer. Cayman Islands, 3rd IAWQ, International Conference on Waste Stabilization Ponds Technology and Applications. 27th-31st March 1995, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. MARA, D.D. et al. (1992) Waste Stabilization Ponds. A Design manual for Eastern Africa. Lagoon Technology Intern. Leeds- England. pp MIDDLEBROOKS J.E. et al. (1982) Wastewater Stabilization Lagoon Design, Performance and Upgrading. Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc. New York. pp 21-37, ORAGUI J.I. et al. (1995) Pathogen Removal Kinetics in a Tropical Experimental Waste Stabilization Pond in Relation to Organic Loading, Retention Time and Pond Geometry, 3 rd IAWQ International Conference on Stabilization Ponds Technology and Applications 27th-31st March 1995, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. PARHAD, N.M. and RAO, N.N (1974) Effect of ph on Survival of Escherichi coli. Journal of the Water Pollution Control deration, 46, PEARSON, H.U. et al. (1987) Physiochemical Parameters Influencing cal Bacteria Survival in Wastewater Stabilization Ponds. Water Science and Technology, 19, SEMA/MHU (1986) Resolução CONAMA 20/86. Classificação das águas doces, salobras e salinas do território nacional. SILVA, S.A. e FEITOSA, N.B. (1983) Influência do Tempo de Detenção na Eficiência de Lagoas Facultativas Secundárias tratando Esgotos Domésticos no Nordeste do Brasil. EXTRABES - Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil.
7 CURRICULUM VITAE AUTHORS : Marluce Martins de Aguiar 1 and Antonio Sérgio rreira Mendonça 2 1 -Civil and Sanitary Engineer (deral University of Espírito Santo ), -Public Health Engineering Specialization (ENSP-FIOCRUZ-1982), -Environmental Engineering Graduate Student, -Espírito Santo State Secretary Health Engineer 2 -Civil Engineer (deral Univ. of Espírito Santo ), -M.Sc. in Water Resources Engineering (deral Univ. of Rio de Janeiro - COPPE ) -Ph.D. in Water Resources Engineering (Colorado State University - USA ), -Associate Professor at the Hydraulics and Sanitary Engineering at the deral University of Espírito Santo. - Environmental Engineering M.Sc. Program Coordinator at the deral University of Espírito Santo. - Environmental Engineering Specialization Program Coordinator at the deral University of Espírito Santo.
SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION - CONCEPTS 2. BEACH MONITORING IN SÃO PAULO METODOLOGY RESULTS 3. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY
Acquasur 2004 SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION - CONCEPTS 2. BEACH MONITORING IN SÃO PAULO METODOLOGY RESULTS 3. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY Recreational Waters and water quality assessment Recreational waters : coastal
More informationDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS DESIGN MODEL OF BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND IN INTEGRATED SOLAR AND HYDRAULIC JUMP ENHANCED WASTE STABILIZATION POND
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April 2016, pp. 387 395, Article ID: IJCIET_07_02_034 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=7&itype=2
More informationAPPLICATION OF NATURAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR WASTEWATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN THE EXPANSION AREA OF CALI, COLOMBIA
APPLICATION OF NATURAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR WASTEWATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN THE EXPANSION AREA OF CALI, COLOMBIA A. Gaviano a,b, D. A. Zambrano b, A. Galvis b and Diederik P.L. Rousseau a a Department
More informationWater and Wastewater. Sample Collection and Analysis
Water and Wastewater Sample Collection and Analysis December 2011 Introduction Accurate testing of drinking water is crucial to maintaining the health and safety of Islanders who rely on this resource.
More information4.2 Option 1 Expand Existing Lagoon System
4. WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM 4.1 of Existing Lagoons The of existing lagoon system is evaluated for future demand based on the following requirements. Existing Lagoons Anaerobic cells - Four Cells, of
More informationENGINEERING REPORT Sewage Treatment System
CIVIL & STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS 7A Barbados Avenue, Kingston 5, Jamaica, Tele: (876) 754-2154/5 Fax: (876) 754-2156 E-mail: mail@fcsconsultants.com GORE FLORENCE HALL DEVELOPMENT FCS # 0827/76/C
More informationWATER QUALITY MONITORING AND APPLICATION OF HYDROLOGICAL MODELING TOOLS AT A WASTEWATER IRRIGATION SITE IN NAM DINH, VIETNAM
WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND APPLICATION OF HYDROLOGICAL MODELING TOOLS AT A WASTEWATER IRRIGATION SITE IN NAM DINH, VIETNAM LeifBasherg (1) OlujZejlllJul Jessen (1) INTRODUCTION The current paper is the
More informationCambridge Wastewater Treatment Facility
Cambridge Wastewater Treatment Facility Emergency Situations If you have a water or sewer emergency that relates to the City s utility system call the Public Works office at 763-689-1800 on normal working
More informationCity of East Lansing CSO Control Facility Evaluation Demonstrative Approach to Meet WQS
City of East Lansing CSO Control Facility Evaluation Demonstrative Approach to Meet WQS Jeff Johnston, East Lansing WWTP Superintendent & Tom Maxwell, P.E., Hubbell, Roth & Clark, Inc. East Lansing CSO
More informationTitle 22: HEALTH AND WELFARE
Title 22: HEALTH AND WELFARE Chapter 157-A: HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING LABORATORY HEADING: PL 1991, c. 499, 2 (new) Table of Contents Subtitle 2. HEALTH... Part 2. STATE AND LOCAL HEALTH AGENCIES...
More informationWASTEWATER TREATMENT OBJECTIVES
WASTEWATER TREATMENT OBJECTIVES The student will do the following: 1. Define wastewater and list components of wastewater. 2. Describe the function of a wastewater treatment plant. 3. Create a wastewater
More informationExperts Review of Aerobic Treatment Unit Operation and Maintenance. Bruce Lesikar Texas AgriLife Extension Service
Experts Review of Aerobic Treatment Unit Operation and Maintenance Bruce Lesikar Texas AgriLife Extension Service Overview Overview of Aerobic Treatment Units Installing for accessibility to system components
More informationCollection and disposal of wastewater
10 Collection and disposal of wastewater 10.1 Characteristics and hazards of wastewater from health-care establishments Wastewater from health-care establishments is of a similar quality to urban wastewater,
More informationApplication Form 2E. Facilities Which Do Not Discharge Process Wastewater
United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Enforcement and Permits Washington, DC 20460 EPA Form 3510-2E Revised August 1990 Permits Division Application Form 2E Facilities Which Do
More informationRehabilitation of Wastewater Treatment Plant of Sakhnin City in Israel by Using Advanced Technologies
Rehabilitation of Wastewater Treatment Plant of Sakhnin City in Israel by Using Advanced Technologies Yasar Avsar 1, Hussein Tarabeah 2, Shlomo Kimchie 3, Izzet Ozturk 4, Hadi Naamneh 2 1 Yildiz Technical
More informationRECREATIONAL WATER AND SAND SANITARY INDICATORS OF CAMBURI BEACH, VITORIA, ES., BRAZIL
RECREATIONAL WATER AND SAND SANITARY INDICATORS OF CAMBURI BEACH, VITORIA, ES., BRAZIL Elaine Nolasco Ribeiro* Programa de Pós Graduação em Engneharia Ambiental UFES - PPGEA (2002). Aureo Banhos dos Santos
More informationSAMPLE CHAPTERS UNESCO EOLSS SURFACE WATER MONITORING. Masanori Ando Musashino University, Japan
SURFACE WATER MONITORING Masanori Ando Musashino University, Japan Keywords: surface water, monitoring, sampling, monitoring program, monitoring location, sampling programs, flow measurement, sampling
More informationUseful Septic System Statistics
GENERAL Useful Septic System Statistics - About 25% of the nation s households are served by onsite/septic systems (see Census data) - Approximately 33% of new construction is served by onsite systems
More informationNAJAFGARH DRAIN-SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
Dr. Anamika Paul* Preeti Jain* Kartikey Handa* NAJAFGARH DRAIN-SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS Abstract: Over the past years, due to rapid industrialization and advanced agricultural activities environmental deterioration
More informationAlberta Environment Standards for Advanced Waste Systems
Alberta Environment Standards for Advanced Waste Systems + Alberta Rural Organic Waste to Resources Network + George Neurohr Regional Municipal Engineer Grande Prairie, Alberta May 1, 2012 Contents: Introduction
More informationOverview of Best Available Technologies for Onsite Septic Systems and Management Considerations Presentation to NAHB
Overview of Best Available Technologies for Onsite Septic Systems and Management Considerations Presentation to NAHB A. R. Rubin, Professor Emeritus, NCSU-BAE Technical Wastewater Issues Treatment Septic
More informationMALAYSIA S REQUIREMENTS ON INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT TREATMENT SYSTEMS -The WEPA Workshop and Annual Meeting 18-21 February 2013 Siem Reap, Combodiaby
MALAYSIA S REQUIREMENTS ON INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT TREATMENT SYSTEMS -The WEPA Workshop and Annual Meeting 18-21 February 2013 Siem Reap, Combodiaby enforcement DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, MALAYSIA
More informationSewerage Management System for Reduction of River Pollution
Sewerage Management System for Reduction of River Pollution Peter Hartwig Germany Content page: 1 Introduction 1 2 Total emissions 3 3 Discharge from the wastewater treatment plants 4 4 Discharge from
More informationWHY TREAT WASTEWATER?
CARIBBEAN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSTITUTE WHY TREAT WASTEWATER? ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS The Importance of Effective Wastewater Treatment & Disposal Benefits to Hotels FORWARD In September
More informationNotification Requirements for CMSA NPDES Permit Exceedances and Collection System Sanitary Sewer Overflows Date: April 2, 2008 (Revised July 10, 2012)
Requirements for CMSA NPDES Permit Exceedances and Collection System Sanitary Sewer Overflows Date: April 2, 2008 (Revised July 10, 2012) 1. Purpose To outline the Agency s notification and reporting requirements
More informationHow To Improve Energy Efficiency In Brazilian Buildings
Bmeister Engenharia & Consultoria Texiglass EIFS / ETICS External Thermal Insulation Composite System INFLUENCE ON THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS Eng. Giorgio Solinas Sales & Operations Director Texiglass
More informationTHE NEW NSF 350 AND 350-1
THE NEW NSF 350 AND 350-1 These American National Standards help in evaluating and approving water reuse treatment technologies. BY TOM BRUURSEMA Figure 1 At the NSF residential wastewater treatment system
More informationBrazil February Production Update and Weekly Crop Condition Report
February 27, 2014 Informa Economics South American Crop Reporting Service Brazil February Production Update and Weekly Crop Condition Report The Informa Economics staff in Brazil conducted its survey between
More informationUnit 1. Physical, chemical and biological Characteristics of Wastewater
The Islamic University of Gaza- Civil Engineering Department Advanced Sanitary Engineering- ECIV 5325 Unit 1. Physical, chemical and biological Characteristics of Wastewater Based on Dr. Fahid Rabah lecture
More informationBacterial Assessment of Applied Treated Effluent from Wastewater Systems
Bacterial Assessment of Applied Treated Effluent from Wastewater Systems Kasie Stambaugh Bachelor of Science in Agriculture Science and Natural Resources Oklahoma State University (OSU) December 2011 Masters
More informationProvided below is a description of the processes generating wastewater in a poultry plant and a typical pretreatment and full treatment system.
II. PROCESS OVERVIEW Provided below is a description of the processes generating wastewater in a poultry plant and a typical pretreatment and full treatment system. II.1. Wastewater Generation A typical
More informationPackage Treatment Plant Policy and Procedure
Package Treatment Plant Policy and Procedure PURPOSE There has been increased interest in the use of package treatment plants for new development proposals in the County. Current review procedures are
More informationHow To Monitor Toxicity In Water
1 WORKSHOP AND OPEN TECHNICAL MEETING WITH A VERIFICATION EXERCISE: Towards a European ETV Environmental Technology Verification System. Barcelona. 20-22 February 2008 AUTOMATED MICROBIAL BIOSENSORS FOR
More informationCity of Charlottetown Wastewater Treatment Expansion & Upgrading
City of Charlottetown Wastewater Treatment Expansion & Upgrading Background As Canada s smallest provincial capital, the City of the Charlottetown has a population of approximately 34,000 residents and
More informationClean Air, Clean Water
DIVISION OF AIR AND WATER QUALITY STATE DISCHARGE PERMIT & CERT. PROGRAM 610 University Avenue Fairbanks, AK 99709-3643 PHONE: (907) 451-2360 FAX: (907) 451-2187 http://www.state.ak.us/dec/ October 3,
More informationState of pollution in the Yamuna
State of pollution in the Yamuna Introduction: While the Delhi government had been debating on what needs to be done to clean the river, the pollution levels have only worsened. In its book Sewage Canal:
More informationOasis Clearwater ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS WASTEWATER TREATMENT ENGINEERS
Oasis Clearwater ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS WASTEWATER TREATMENT ENGINEERS The evolution continues in decentralised wastewater technology... The Process Decentralised wastewater treatment systems are defined
More informationUrban Problems and Environmental Protection. Governo do Estado de São Paulo
Urban Problems and Environmental Protection Brazil and Sao Paulo State South America Sao Paulo State Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area Water Supply in Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region
More informationNPDES Permit No. IL0020737. Notice No. SKT:13120601.bah. Public Notice Beginning Date: April 9, 2014. Public Notice Ending Date: May 9, 2014
Public Notice/Fact Sheet Issued By: Notice No. SKT:13120601.bah Public Notice Beginning Date: April 9, 2014 Public Notice Ending Date: May 9, 2014 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
More informationCOURSE # 343 UNIT # 1: ADVANTEX WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM. What you will learn in this lesson. Introduction to the listing
What you will learn in this lesson IN THIS LESSON, YOU WILL LEARN... About the Orenco AdvanTex alternate technology listing The components that make up the AdvanTex Treatment System How the AdvanTex Treatment
More informationAP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES
AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 1 Read the Fremont Examiner article below and answer the questions that follow. (a) Identify ONE component of the sewage that is targeted for removal
More informationUse of remote sensing for crop yield and area estimates in Southern Brazil
Use of remote sensing for crop yield and area estimates in Southern Brazil Denise Cybis Fontana Faculdade de Agronomia - UFRGS Remote Sensing support to crop yield forecast and area estimates 30 th November
More informationBrasil (e-mail :.geocompany@geocompnay.com.br) Tecnologia, Engenharia & Meio Ambiente Tel (011) 3083-5561 / 5563 Fax (011) 3082-6517
1 The Environmental Sector in Brazil Roberto Kochen, Ph. D. ( Director, Geocompany Technology, Engineering & Environment ) ( Professor, Environmental Geotechnics, University of São Paulo ) 2 Tecnologia,
More informationNew River Cleanup. Progress & Emerging Threats
C R W Q New River Cleanup Progress & Emerging Threats C B California Regional Water Quality Control Board- Colorado River Basin Jose L. Angel, Principal Engineer, Assistant Executive Officer 1 New River
More informationLecture Slides Handout
Distance Learning Program - Environmental Management http://courses.dce.harvard.edu/~environment/e101 Environmental Management ENVR E-101 - CRN 11925 Environmental Management course materials adapted for
More information1993 Food Industry Environmental Conference SURVEY OF WATER USE IN THE CALIFORNIA FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY
SURVEY OF WATER USE IN THE CALIFORNIA FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Jatal D. Mannapperuma Project Engineer California Institute of Food and Agricultural Research Department of Food Science and Technology University
More informationAdvanced Wastewater Treatment Process
7 th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia Possibly Co-benefit? Advanced Wastewater Treatment Process Tomonori ISHIGAKI Dept. of Environmental Solution Technology Ryukoku University, Japan Introductory
More informationEnergy Generation with Landfill Biogas
Artigo publicado e apresentado no evento RIO 6 - World Climate & Energy Event, 17a 18 de novembro de 2006, Rio de Janeiro. Energy Generation with Landfill Biogas Coelho, Suani Teixeira 1 ; E-mail: suani@iee.usp.br
More informationMystic River Watershed Association Water Quality Monitoring: Malden River May 28 th 2002
Mystic River Watershed Association Water Quality Monitoring: Malden River May 28 th 2002 Introduction The Mystic River Watershed Association, through its Mystic Monitoring Network (MMN) program, has been
More informationFloating Treatment Wetland Technology: Nutrient Removal from Wastewater
Floating Treatment Wetland Technology: Nutrient Removal from Wastewater This case study illustrates the Floating Island International (FII) patented floating treatment wetland (FTW) technology and its
More informationNPDES Permit No. IL0052639. Notice No. IL0052639-12.TTL. Public Notice Beginning Date: June 15, 2012. Public Notice Ending Date: July 16, 2012
NPDES Permit No. IL0052639 Notice No. IL0052639-12.TTL Public Notice/Fact Sheet Issued By: Public Notice Beginning Date: June 15, 2012 Public Notice Ending Date: July 16, 2012 National Pollutant Discharge
More informationPROTOCOL AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE MERGER OF ALÍCIA PAPÉIS S.A. INTO FIBRIA CELULOSE S.A.
PROTOCOL AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE MERGER OF ALÍCIA PAPÉIS S.A. INTO FIBRIA CELULOSE S.A. By this private instrument and as permitted by law, ON ONE SIDE: 1. FIBRIA CELULOSE S.A., a publicly held company,
More informationSurface water remediation and waste water treatment using circulators
RemTech 2006 Surface water remediation and waste water treatment using circulators Produced by: Kathleen Cameron (M.Sc. PAg) - Manager Created by: Catherine Cameron Artistic Director Sunset Solar Systems
More informationCredit Suisse II Brazil Construction & Mortgage Field Trip. August 30th, 2007 SÃO PAULO
Credit Suisse II Brazil Construction & Mortgage Field Trip August 30th, 2007 SÃO PAULO Speakers Cesar Parizotto CEO Marco Parizotto Commercial Vice-president Ricardo Perpetuo CFO and IRO 2 Agenda Chapter
More informationASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND WATER REUSE PRACTICES IN THE GULF COUNTRIES
ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND WATER REUSE PRACTICES IN THE GULF COUNTRIES Mohamed F. Hamoda Professor of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Department of Civil Engineering, Kuwait University
More informationBASIC MATH FORMULAS - CLASS I. A. Rectangle [clarifiers, ponds] I = length; w = width; A = area; area in square ft [sq ft]
WASTEWATER MATH CONVERSION FACTORS 1. 1 acre =43,560 sq ft 2. 1 acre =2.47 hectares 3. 1 cu ft [of water] = 7.48 gallons 4. 1 cu ft [of water] = 62.4 Ibs/ft 3 5. Diameter =radius plus radius, D =r + r
More informationMichał Wierzbicki Department of Hydraulic Engineering Agricultural University of Poznań
Michał Wierzbicki Department of Hydraulic Engineering Agricultural University of Poznań The changes of water quality in Jeziorsko reservoir and Warta river against the background of hydrology characteristic
More informationNatural and Advanced Treatment Systems for Wastewater Management at Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site in Developing Countries
Natural and Advanced Treatment Systems for Wastewater Management at Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site in Developing Countries C. Chiemchaisri Department of Environmental Engineering, Kasetsart University
More informationTREATMENT OF SANITARY SEWER OVERFLOW
TREATMENT OF SANITARY SEWER OVERFLOW WITH FIXED MEDIA BIOREACTORS J. Tao, K. M. Mancl, O. H. Tuovinen ABSTRACT. Fixed media bioreactors (biofilters) are a promising and proven technology used for wastewater
More informationEngineers Edge, LLC PDH & Professional Training
510 N. Crosslane Rd. Monroe, Georgia 30656 (770) 266-6915 fax (678) 643-1758 Engineers Edge, LLC PDH & Professional Training Copyright, All Rights Reserved Engineers Edge, LLC An Introduction to Advanced
More information1.3 Wastewater and Ambient Water Quality
1.3 Wastewater and Ambient Water Quality Applicability and Approach...25 General Liquid Effluent Quality...26 Discharge to Surface Water...26 Discharge to Sanitary Sewer Systems...26 Land Application of
More informationNutrient Removal at Wastewater Treatment Facilities. Nitrogen and Phosphorus. Gary M. Grey HydroQual, Inc. ggrey@hydroqual.com 201 529 5151 X 7167
Nutrient Removal at Wastewater Treatment Facilities Nitrogen and Phosphorus Gary M. Grey HydroQual, Inc. ggrey@hydroqual.com 201 529 5151 X 7167 1 Agenda Nitrification and Denitrification Fundamentals
More informationNATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM WASTE DISCHARGE PERMIT No. WA-002085-1
Page 1 of 31 Issuance Date: May 29, 2007 Effective Date: June 1, 2007 Expiration Date: May 29, 2012 NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM WASTE DISCHARGE PERMIT No. WA-002085-1 Plant Location:
More informationSource Water Protection Practices Bulletin Managing Sanitary Sewer Overflows and Combined Sewer Overflows to Prevent Contamination of Drinking Water
United States Office of Water EPA 916-F-01-032 Environmental Protection (4606) July 2001 Agency Source Water Protection Practices Bulletin Managing Sanitary Sewer Overflows and Combined Sewer Overflows
More informationHow an existing telecommunications network can support the deployment of smart meters in a water utility?
How an existing telecommunications network can support the deployment of smart meters in a water utility? Samuel de Barros Moraes Centro Paula Souza São Paulo Brazil samuel.moraes@ngdc.com.br Profª Drª
More informationJatropha World Asia 2011 June, 27 th - 28 th, 2011 Haikou, Hainan Island
Jatropha World Asia 2011 June, 27 th - 28 th, 2011 Haikou, Hainan Island MINICIPALITIES INVOLVED WITH JATROPHA IN BRAZIL Planted Area: 50.000ha 2010 expansion: 10.000ha 201 municipalities JATROPHA TIMELINE
More informationWashington, D.C. 20549. Report of Foreign Private Issuer Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
6-K 1 net20100730_6k.htm MINUTES OF THE EXTRAORDINARY SHAREHOLDERS' MEETING Washington, D.C. 20549 Report of Foreign Private Issuer Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
More informationChapter 14 Quiz. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Chapter 14 Quiz Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Chesapeake Bay? a. it is one of many small
More informationComponents of a Basement Flooding Protection Plan: Sewer System Improvements. November 2000
Components of a Basement Flooding Protection Plan: Sewer System Improvements November 2000 Components of a Basement Flooding Protection Plan: Sewer System Improvements November 2000 SEMCOG 2000 Prepared
More informationNational Pollutant Removal Performance Database
National Pollutant Removal Performance Database Version 3 September, 2007 8390 Main Street, 2 nd Floor Ellicott City, MD 21043 410.461.8323 FAX 410.461.8324 www.cwp.org www.stormwatercenter.net The National
More informationDID YOU KNOW... THE IMPACT OF ON-SITE SEWAGE SYSTEMS AND ILLICIT DISCHARGES ON THE ROUGE RIVER
DID YOU KNOW... THE IMPAT OF ON-SITE SEWAGE SYSTEMS AND ILLIIT DISHARGES ON THE ROUGE RIVER by Barry Johnson, P.E., M.S., amp Dresser & McKee and Dean Tuomari, Wayne ounty Department of Environment The
More informationNEVADA CITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT INQUIRY
NEVADA CITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT INQUIRY REASON FOR INVESTIGATION The 2003-2004 Grand Jury investigated the status of wastewater treatment in unincorporated Nevada County. This year, the Grand Jury investigated
More informationPublic Water System. Consumer Confidence Report Template
Public Water System Consumer Confidence Report Template Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Division of Drinking and Ground Waters www.epa.ohio.gov/ddagw Updated March 2015 Section 1: Title {Water System
More informationOPTIMIZATION OF WASTEWATER STABILIZATION POND SYSTEMS
OPTIMIZATION OF WASTEWATER STABILIZATION POND SYSTEMS IN HONDURAS by Lisa Kullen B.A., Psychology University of California Santa Cruz, 2000 SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
More informationWater remediation: Passive Treatment Technologies
Presenter: Jacques Meyer Project design: Adrian Haagner, Piet Smit & Jacques Meyer Water remediation: Passive Treatment Technologies Using a sub-surface flow wetland on a rehabilitated decommissioned coal
More informationCanada-wide Strategy for the Management of Municipal Wastewater Effluent
Canada-wide Strategy for the Management of Municipal Wastewater Effluent Endorsed by CCME Council of Ministers, February 17, 2009, Whitehorse Executive Summary Wastewater from households, industrial, commercial
More informationRESIDENTIAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS
EFFLUENT SAMPLING FOR RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS For various reasons, many wastewater treatment systems periodically require effluent sampling and characterization. Whether sampling is done to verify
More informationSt. John s Harbour Clean-Up Phase 2. Project Description
St. John s Harbour Clean-Up Phase 2 Project Description February 2003 NEWFOUNDLAND DESIGN ASSOCIATES LIMITED 1 Introduction The City of St. John s, the adjoining City of Mount Pearl and the Town of Paradise
More informationENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN THE RENDERING INDUSTRY. Gregory L. Sindt, P.E. Environmental Engineer Bolton and Menk, Inc.
Summary ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN THE RENDERING INDUSTRY Gregory L. Sindt, P.E. Environmental Engineer Bolton and Menk, Inc. The rendering industry has a significant positive impact on environmental quality.
More informationBeach Environmental Quality Water quality monitoring programs at recreational beaches in Brazil.
Beach Environmental Quality Water quality monitoring programs at recreational beaches in Brazil. Dr. Monica Costa & Dr. Mário Barletta mfc@ufpe.br and barletta@ufpe.br Lab. Ecology and Management of Estuarine
More informationMaine Department of Environmental Protection Program Guidance On Combined Sewer Overflow Facility Plans
Maine Department of Environmental Protection Program Guidance On Combined Sewer Overflow Facility Plans OVERVIEW The objective of a Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Facility Plan is to abate CSO discharges
More informationGuidance on applying for approval of installation of a commercial onsite wastewater system
Guidance on applying for approval of installation of a commercial onsite wastewater system This factsheet is designed to assist you to complete an Application to construct or install an apparatus for the
More informationIowa DNR Wastewater Treatment Technology Assessment No. 09-01
Iowa DNR Wastewater Treatment Technology Assessment No. 09-01 Evaluation of Full-Scale LemTec Biological Treatment Facilities for Wastewater Design Review Considerations by the Iowa Department of Natural
More informationNatural Systems for Wastewater Treatment: Course Material and CD-ROM Development
Session 1608 Session 1608 Natural Systems for Wastewater Treatment: Course Material and CD-ROM Development Thomas F. Hess, Robert F. Rynk (University of Idaho) Shulin Chen, Larry G. King (Washington State
More informationEnvironmental Science 101 Waste. Fall 2012. Lecture Outline: Terms You Should Know: Learning Objectives: Reading Assignment: Chlorinated.
Environmental Science 101 Waste Fall 2012 1 Lecture Outline: 17. SEWAGE DISPOSAL A. Sewage Handling B. Raw Sewage C. Wastewater Treatment Steps D. Individual Septic Systems E. Taking Stock Learning Objectives:
More informationInnovative Stormwater Solutions in Coastal Areas 2015 APWA Stormwater Conference
Innovative Stormwater Solutions in Coastal Areas 2015 APWA Stormwater Conference September 15, 2015 Barrier Island Hydrology 2015 APWA Stormwater Conference September 15, 2015 2 Barrier Island Hydrology
More informationGerman-Lebanese Technical Cooperation Project. Public Awareness Campaign for Schools
Council for Development and Reconstruction (CDR) Federal Institute for Geosciences Ministry of Energy and Water (MoEW) and Natural Resources (BGR), Water Establishment t Beirut and Mount Lebanon (WEBML)
More informationTHE EVOLUTION OF THE POPULATION- BASED CANCER REGISTRIES IN BRAZIL: A PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
2nd International Cancer Control Congress November 25 to 28, 07 THE EVOLUTION OF THE POPULATION- BASED CANCER REGISTRIES IN BRAZIL: A PERFORMANCE EVALUATION Cláudio Pompeiano Noronha; Gulnar Azevedo Mendonça;
More informationAnish Jantrania (photo) and Allen Knapp
WATER QUALITY VERSUS PROCESS MONITORING CHARLES CITY COUNTY, VA PROJECT Anish Jantrania (photo) and Allen Knapp Anish Jantrania Technical Services Engineer Virginia Department of Health Richmond, VA 23219,
More informationPhosphorus Removal in Wastewater Treatment
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT REPORT NO. Phosphorus Removal in Wastewater Treatment (Final Report) Research and Development Section Electrical & Mechanical Projects Division Nov 2013 Final Report endorsed by
More informationAlternative Options to Large Scales of Domestic Wastewater Treatment Facilities Management in Thailand
Alternative Options to Large Scales of Domestic Wastewater Treatment Facilities Management in Thailand By. Dr. Wijarn Simachaya Mr. Somchai Songprakob Pollution Control Department Ministry of Natural Resources
More informationWater Treatment Filtration Lab. discharged into an aquatic ecosystem? We had to build a water filtration system with
Water Treatment Filtration Lab Brandon Lyons P.5 APES Abstract: How could polluted water be remediated so that it could support life when it is discharged into an aquatic ecosystem? We had to build a water
More informationDeSoto County is not a water service provider and does not operate any
Water and Sewer DeSoto County is not a water service provider and does not operate any water delivery systems. There are 14 certificated, non-municipal water associations operating in the county that are
More informationNPDES Permit No. IL0021695. Notice No. JCH:12012302.bah. Public Notice Beginning Date: November 27, 2012. Public Notice Ending Date: December 27, 2012
Notice No. JCH:12012302.bah Public Notice/Fact Sheet Issued By: Public Notice Beginning Date: November 27, 2012 Public Notice Ending Date: December 27, 2012 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
More informationTel: +90 242 227 47 80 Ext. 4129 Fax: +90 242 227 47 85, (E-mail: muhammetoglu@usa.net) **
AN INTEGRATED WATER POLLUTION CONTROL PROJECT TO PROTECT GROUNDWATER OF ANTALYA PLAIN FROM DIFFUSED SOURCES * Ayse Muhammetoglu, ** Ozgur Bulent Yalcin * Environmental Pollution and Control Program, Akdeniz
More informationADVANCED LAGOON TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
ADVANCED LAGOON TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT ABSTRACT by Vikram M Pattarkine*, Randall C Chann**, Charles E Tharp** *Brinjac Engineering Inc, 114 North 2 nd Street, Harrisburg, PA 1711
More informationCity of Lakeland s Wetlands Treatment System An Overview
An Overview In response to more stringent requirements for wastewater discharges in the early 1980 s, the City explored options for the advanced treatment required, with the Wetland Treatment System proving
More information-O^ DEQ. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System PERMIT EVALUATION AND FACT SHEET November 12,2003
\ I -O^ DEQ State of Oregon Department of Environmental Quality National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System PERMIT EVALUATION AND FACT SHEET November 12,2003 Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
More informationEdgefield Regional Stormwater Treatment (RST) Facility Tri-County Agricultural Area St. Johns River Water Management District
Edgefield Regional Stormwater Treatment (RST) Facility Tri-County Agricultural Area St. Johns River Water Management District Water Quality Draft Summary, December 2009 Alicia Steinmetz and Pam Livingston-Way,
More informationNew Mexico Environment Department Liquid Waste Program 525 Camino de los Marquez, Suite A Santa Fe, NM 87505 505-476-8600
New Mexico Environment Department Liquid Waste Program 525 Camino de los Marquez, Suite A Santa Fe, NM 875 5-476-86 Advanced On-Site Sewage Treatment Systems in New Mexico: Performance and Compliance Evaluation
More information