Citizenship, Democracy and Higher Education in Europe, Canada and the USA

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2 Citizenship, Democracy and Higher Education in Europe, Canada and the USA

3 Palgrave Studies in Global Citizenship Education and Democracy Series Editor: Jason Laker, Professor, San Jose State University, USA This series will engage with the theoretical and practical debates regarding citizenship, human rights education, social inclusion, and individual and group identities as they relate to the role of higher and adult education on an international scale. Books in the series will consider hopeful possibilities for the capacity of higher and adult education to enable citizenship, human rights, democracy and the common good, including emerging research and interesting and effective practices. It will also participate in and stimulate deliberation and debate about the constraints, barriers and sources and forms of resistance to realizing the promise of egalitarian Civil Societies. The series will facilitate continued conversation on policy and politics, curriculum and pedagogy, review and reform, and provide a comparative overview of the different conceptions and approaches to citizenship education and democracy around the world. Titles include: Jason Laker, CITIZENSHIP, DEMOCRACY AND HIGHER EDUCATION IN EUROPE, CANADA AND THE USA Jason Laker, CIVIC PEDAGOGIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION Teaching for Democracy in Europe, Canada and the USA Palgrave Studies in Global Citizenship Education and Democracy Series Standing Order ISBN ( Hardback) ISBN ( Paperback) ( outside North America only ) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and one of the ISBNs quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England

4 Citizenship, Democracy and Higher Education in Europe, Canada and the USA Edited by Jason Laker Professor and Chair in the Department of Educational Counselling, San José State University, USA Concepción Naval Dean of the School of Education and Psycology, University of Navarra, Spain and Kornelija Mrnjaus Assistant Professor of Education, University of Rijeka, Croatia

5 Selection, introduction and editorial matter Jason Laker, Concepción Naval and Kornelija Mrnjaus 2014 Individual chapters Respective authors 2014 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act First published 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number , of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries ISBN: This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

6 Contents List of Figures List of Tables Acknowledgments Notes on Contributors 1 Citizenship, Democracy and the University: Theory and Practice in Europe and North America 1 Jason Laker, Part I Foundations and Frameworks 2 Towards Inclusive and Generative Citizenship Education 11 Michelle Nilson, Catherine Broom, Johanne Provençal and Heesoon Bai 3 Professor, Citizen, Parrhesiastes 38 Naomi Hodgson and Paul Standish 4 Higher Education Student Civic Engagement: Conceptualizations of Citizenship and Engagement Strategies 60 Rhonda Wynne 5 Rethinking Teacher Effectiveness in Democratic Citizenship Education for Ensuring Peace 86 Alok Gardia and Deepa Mehta 6 Engaging with the Other: Student Community Engagement and the Development of Citizenship after Conflict 107 Juliet Millican 7 Making Our Community Engagement Matter in the Community 123 Randy Stoecker and Mary Beckman vii ix x xi Part II Policy Environments 8 The Relevance of Higher Education in Slovenia for Creating Virtuous Citizens and a Working Democracy: An Underexploited Source? 147 Tomaž Deželan and Alem Maksuti 9 Citizenship and Higher Education in Portugal: Impact of the Bologna Process 173 Helena Lopes, Sofia Veiga, Pedro M. Teixeira and Isabel Menezes v

7 vi Contents 10 Civic Education as Profession: Current Developments in German (Higher) Educational System and Qualification Opportunities for Teachers and Trainers 194 Dirk Lange and Sven Rößler 11 Do Students Dreams Now Fit in Ballot Boxes? 219 Gonzalo Jover, López - Martín and Patricia Quiroga 12 EDC/HRE in Croatia: Perspectives, Problems and Promises 241 Kornelija Mrnjaus 13 Women, Universities, Leadership and Citizenship 267 Helena C. Araújo 14 Taking It Personally: Engaging Democracy, Human Rights and Civic Participation as the Vocations of Higher Education 286 Jason Laker Index 297