Linguistic Indeterminacy and Fuzziness in Systemic-Functional Grammar

Transcription

1 FOREIGN LANGUAGE RESEARCH 2012 No. 5 Serial No H0-06 A Linguistic Indeterminacy and Fuzziness in Systemic-Functional Grammar Feng Zong-xin Tsinghua University Beijing China Indeterminacy is a universal feature in natural language. Halliday has invented categories and concepts specific to his systemic-functional description of indeterminacies in both the grammar and the grammatical system. Since the 1990s in developing a theory of grammatics that thinks grammatically has paid increasing attention to fuzziness with explicit reference to fuzzy logic. This paper discusses issues in linguistic indeterminacies presents some details of Halliday s analyses and descriptions of indeterminacies and fuzziness and points out that such serious treatment has touched upon crucial issues in several fields of logic and in related disciplines such as artificial intelligence. Key words linguistic indeterminacy fuzziness Functional Grammar grammatical logic grammatics 1 Halli- day / Halliday grammatics uncertainty 41

2 membership functions signification Derrida ticulateness 1984 Halliday Linguistic approximate indeterminacy definition Saussure Saussure differential Saussure sub-grammars différance difference approximative deferring probabilistic I shall go I will go Lyons logic of classes Halliday Lyons Lyons set theory K llgren 1996 A Heider 1971 A chicken is a bird Lakoff par- grammaticality Halliday B go > walk > stroll. the this that Lakoff Lakoff this that equiprobable 42

3 Halliday Halliday scale of delicacy discontinuities complexity management Halliday A B impurity Halliday 3 Halliday 1992 /2002 class a theory of experience Chomsky a theory of theories of experience metalanguage interplay the social man unit structure class system Halliday 4 human condition 1996 /2002 Halliday 3 clines blends complementarities hierarchical linguistic analysis Zadeh fuzzy logic logically derivable rank exponence delicacy Crystal

4 u- nit hierarchical arrangement Crystal scales of Halliday analysis Crystal fuzzy Halliday hierarchy.... So... taxonomy cline... so... Cline Crystal 1994 Halliday Crystal Halliday 1963 Classifier cause... to be done want... to be done lexicogrammar subset old long blue fast 4 splendid silly fantastic 1985 Halliday proposition proposal subclass electric trains passenger trains wooden trains toy trains fast trains * a more e- He promised to make her happy make her happy expansion + * I ll make that you should regret this Epithet lectric train * a very electric train He promised he would make her happy He promised in order to + Halliday think sth. to happen walkingstick walking stick walking-stick wish sth. to happen Halliday want to go

5 Do it She wants to do it does it She tries to do it She starts to do it frying pan fryingpan does it frying-pan Halliday sub-sentence offer She wants to do it. She wants YOU to do it. She wants to do it herself clause nexuses & She wants to do it. Matthiessen She wants him to do it. 1 & Matthiessen will be going to 2 What does she want to do What causative expansions She wants him to do it. She causes /gets him to do it. He is wanted to do it. He is caused /got to do it. She wants it to be done. She causes it to be done /gets it done. Halliday prototypical that She wished that he would come & Matthiessen She wanted that he should come systemic grammar She allowed that he should come Halliday & Matthiessen Halliday / Halliday & Matthiessen Halliday & Matthiessen grow does she want 3 shrub blossom & Matthiessen modeling Halliday

6 / yes no usuality obligation inclination domain modality compositional thinking Matthiessen It 3 1 is probably right = I think it is right 2 3 consen- sus Matthiessen Halliday Halliday & Matthiessen Halliday 1992 / Halliday 1996 Zadeh Halliday Sugeno 1995 Halliday 1985 xiii Halliday 0 1 Halliday. M. 46

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