2013 Summer Internship National Data Buoy Center Hunter Greene. Mentors: Regina Moore, Pete Lessing, and James Elliott
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1 2013 Summer Internship National Data Buoy Center Hunter Greene Mentors: Regina Moore, Pete Lessing, and James Elliott
2 My Background Senior at Mississippi State University Seeking B.S in Geosciences Concentration: Professional Meteorology Mentors: Regina Moore- NDBC Engineer Pete Lessing- NDBC Engineer James Elliott- NTSC Engineer
3 National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) Designs, develops, operates, and maintains a network of data collecting buoys and coastal stations. Serves as a data assembly center for receiving, quality controlling, and disseminating measurement data.
4 Anemometers Propeller Anemometer Wind turns the propeller Connected to a weather vane Weather vane keeps anemometer properly aligned Propeller blades indicate wind speed while the weather vane shows direction Sonic Anemometer Based on time of flight of sonic pulses (ultrasonic sound waves) between pairs of transducers Measurements between transducers are combined and calculated to produce a single wind vector
5 Anemometers Propeller Anemometer RM Young Model Sonic Anemometer RM Young Model Accurate data Main issues are maintenance and longevity How accurate is the data? Requires less maintenance Lower threshold speed
6 Anemometers Used for Study Data taken around Hurricane Isaac (8/27/12 NDBC Test Stand Propeller and Sonic Anemometers OSTF1 Propeller and Sonic Anemometers Data taken from 6/10/13 6/17/13 Buoy #41047 Buoy #41040
7 Methods Imported large.txt files(nearly 700,000 lines) into Excel, where raw data was organized using VBA scripting to make the data more readable. Computed differences between wind speed and direction measurements taken by propeller and sonic anemometers simultaneously. Transferred calculated data from Excel to Matlab where further statistical analysis was performed. Drafted scripts in Matlab to create informative charts and graphs of calculated data.
8 Glitches in the System Missing 3 minutes and 15 seconds (195 data points) starting at 03:03:24 and skipping to 03:06:39. Likely a power failure
9 System Limitations In this image, 2 data points were recorded at the 18 second mark on 14:51:18.
10 System Limitations In this image, the same problem occurs exactly 10 minutes and 1 second later. You can see there are 2 data points recorded at the 19 second mark on 8/27/12 Occurs every 10 minutes and 1 second throughout the file regardless if the hour or day changes.
11 Time Series Results 3 Time Series Plots from Isaac 3 rd plot shows absolute error between anemometers Data collected every second from 8/27/12 at 14:37:31 UTC to 9/4/12 at 15:06:35 UTC. Wind Speed (m/s) Wind Speed (m/s) Delta Wind Speed (m/s) Time Series Plot: Propeller Anemometer Wind Speed (m/s) Aug 28 Aug 29 Aug 30 Aug 31 Sept 1 Sept 2 Sept 3 Sept 4 Time Series Plot: Sonic Anemometer Wind Speed (m/s) Aug 28 Aug 29 Aug 30 Aug 31 Sept 1 Sept 2 Sept 3 Sept 4 Time Series Plot: Propeller - Sonic Wind Speed (m/s) Aug 28 Aug 29 Aug 30 Aug 31 Sept 1 Sept 2 Sept 3 Sept 4
12 Time Series Results 8 bin histogram showing distributions of the absolute error in wind speed from Isaac Time Series Data. Number of Occurences 5 x Number of Occurences of Differences in Anemometer Wind Speed 18.3% 79.4% % 1.6% 0.03% 0.07% Difference (meters/second)
13 Average Time Series Results 2 y-axis plot with blue showing wind speed, and green showing difference in observed direction. Differences in measured direction have a tendency to increase when the measured wind speed is at or near Propeller Anemometer Wind Speed and Difference in Anemometer Wind Direction vs. Time 200 Wind Speed (meters/second) Difference (degrees) Time (10 minute averages from Aug. 28th - Sept. 4th)
14 Average Time Series Results Error bar plot showing absolute error in wind speed between anemometers from the averaged Time Series Data data points Difference in Wind Speed (m/s) Propeller Wind Speed vs. Delta Wind Speed (Propeller - Sonic) Propeller Wind Speed (m/s)
15 Average Time Series Results Comparing Anemometer Speeds from the averaged Time Series Data Near perfect correlation R = +1.0 Slight bias with Sonic always measuring about 0.25 m/s faster than Propeller Maximum difference is 0.70 m/s
16 OSTF1 Data Results Histogram showing distributions of the absolute error in wind direction between anemometers on sensor test facility (OSTF1) Number of Occurences Difference in Anemometer Wind Direction on OSTF Difference (degrees)
17 Real Time Data Results Error bar plot showing absolute error in wind speed between the sonic and propeller anemometers on data points Difference in Wind Speed (m/s) Propeller Wind Speed vs. Delta Wind Speed (Propeller - Sonic) on Propeller Wind Speed (m/s)
18 Real Time Data Results Histogram showing distributions of absolute error in wind direction between the propeller and sonic anemometers on Number of Occurences Differences in Anemometer Wind Direction on Differences (m/s)
19 Real Time Data Results Comparing Anemometer Speeds on Biased towards Sonic Anemometer by 0.13 m/s Near perfect correlation R = +1.0 Maximum difference is 0.30 m/s
20 Conclusions With the exception of one glitch, no data was lost during the week of Hurricane Isaac from the Time Series Data. Raw Time Series Data has much larger differences than averaged data. Consequence of smoothing effects caused by averaging. The sonic anemometer on average is slightly faster than the propeller anemometer (possibly due to threshold speeds). The difference in direction between anemometers increases dramatically when the measured propeller wind speed is less than 1 m/s. 99% chance that if the difference in wind direction between anemometers is greater than the standard deviation of the delta, then the measured propeller speed is less than 1 m/s.
21 Content/Skills Learned Value of NDBC Matlab Excel Statistical/Comparative analysis techniques Graphing/plotting
22 Challenges New to Matlab Going from meteorology to engineering Work environment Thinking on my own
23 Final Thoughts Value of Internship Cool meetings Connections Career Outlook
24 Acknowledgements NDBC Mississippi State/NGI
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