Development, Field Testing and Theoretical Applications of a Continuous Real-time Optical Oxygen Sensor for Aquaculture Use

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Development, Field Testing and Theoretical Applications of a Continuous Real-time Optical Oxygen Sensor for Aquaculture Use"

Derick Waters
7 years ago
Views:

1 Development, Field Testing and Theoretical Applications of a Continuous Real-time Optical Oxygen Sensor for Aquaculture Use Chris T. Weeks*, Per Askeland, Reza Loloee, Sage Kramer and Ruby N. Ghosh

2 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Primary limiting factor in aquaculture Critical component in aquaculture facility design Easily measured Technological advances Potential applications currently underutilized in aquaculture industry

3 Facility Design Feed input Loading / density DO limitations Maximum Loading: AO x 100 MLd = OF x %BW Density - flowing systems: D = Ld x R 0.06 AO Available Oxygen OF Oxygen feed requirement R Exchange rate 0.06 m lpm in 1 hr

4 Facility Design Feed input DO limitations Loading / density Serial and partial re-use Maximum Loading (TAN): AOmax x 100 MLd = OF x %BW

5 Facility Design Feed input DO limitations Loading / density Serial and partial re-use RAS configuration NH 3 + CO O 2 + Nitrosomonas NO 2- + H 2 O + H + NO 2- + CO O 2 + Nitrobacter NO g CO2 produced for 1.0g oxygen consumed

6 Facility Design Feed input DO limitations Loading / density Serial and partial re-use RAS configuration Cost of oxygen / aeration Manageability / monitoring ag.arizona.edu SRAC

7 Dissolved Oxygen Measurement in Water Winkler Titration Electrochemical Polarographic Clark Cell Galvonic Luminescence-based optodes (fiber optic)

8 Fiber Optic DO Sensor Development 365 nm excitation nm luminescence oxygen permeable matrix Optical indicator (Mo 6 Cl 12 ) (Mo cluster)

9 Spectroscopy of Mo clusters in acetonitrile Quenching of 9.6x by 21% oxygen Large Stokes shift - use simple filtering techniques to separate pump & probe intensity or lifetime based sensing

10 Fiber Optic DO Sensor Development

11 Field Trials Michigan Department of Natural Resources State Fish Hatchery Commercial trout farm

12 A commercial trout farm hatchery

14 Remote access capability Real time monitoring

15 Current and Potential Applications Monitoring and alarming (standard)

16 Current and Potential Applications Monitoring and alarming (standard) Assess design parameters (e.g. OF), new feeds, pond productivity, etc. in commercial settings Optimize feed levels based on oxygen consumption requirements of fish

17 Concept: Use of DO sensing devices to automate optimal feeding rates for fish production % of optimum feed level Over feeding 100 % Under feeding g O 2 per kg Feed

18 Quick commercial scale metabolic study Estimate optimal feed levels for fingerling rainbow trout by Westers (1987) %BW = 300 x TUG x T x FC L Feed 100% optimal, 50% underfeeding, and 150% overfeeding; 12 hour belt feeders, 4 days on, 2 days off Monitor DO of head tank and fingerling tank Objectives: Get idea of OF Assess DO monitoring for optimal feeding

19 Measurements taken by a new fiber optic DO sensor device over time during a basic fish metabolic study at a commercial trout production facility. DO In = DO level entering the fish tank. DO Out = DO concentration exiting the tank. DO consumed = amount of oxygen consumed by the fish.

20 100% Optimal 50% 150% Fast Fast Fast Fast Feed levels for fingerling rainbow trout over the course of the fish metabolic study.

21 OF Feed oxygen requirement determination (overfeeding) for fingerling rainbow trout. Date Delta Flow O2 consumed Total O2 cons. (mg) (mg/l) (lpm) (mg/min) (g) 639 1/30/10 6: /30/10 6: Feed fed (g) 1/30/10 6: day /30/10 6: day /30/10 6: day /30/10 6: /30/10 6: /30/10 6: Feed fed (kg) /30/10 6: /30/10 6: go2/kg feed /30/10 6:

22 OF g DO/kg feed Under Feeding % Optimal Over Feeding For non-recirculation flow-through systems, the oxygen required to metabolize one kg feed (designated as OF) ranges from 200 to 250 g for salmonids, which appears to be the range for many other species as well (Westers & Weeks, Principles of Aquaculture Workshop).

23 % of optimum feed level Over feeding 100 % Under feeding g O 2 per kg Feed

24 % of optimum feed level Over feeding 100 % Under feeding g O 2 per kg Feed

25 Daily dissolved oxygen consumption of fingerling rainbow trout under optimal feeding (12hr feed days)

26 100% 50%

27 150% 100% 50%

28 Pond systems

29 Constraints Cost

30 Conclusions The fiber optic DO sensor using a Mo 6 Cl 12 optical indicator performed exceptionally well in a commercial aquaculture facility under summer and winter seasonal conditions. DO sensing technology provides the capability to increase production potential in the aquaculture industry. Such applications are currently underutilized. The main constraint to incorporating state-of-the-art DO sensing applications is cost.

31 Acknowledgements Dr. G. L. Baker, D.J. Osborn (MSU Dept. of Chemistry) N. Verhanovitz, C. Kramer, and J. Olds (MSU) Dr. Alan Baron The work was supported by Grant # 452 of the 21st Century Jobs Trust Fund received through the SEIC Board from the State of Michigan.

32 Questions?

33 150% 100% 50% % of optimum feed level Over feeding 100 % Under feeding g O 2 per kg Feed

34 Luminescent Probe: Mo 6 Cl 12 hν X X X X X X X X X X X X X = Mo; X = Cl hν (180 µsec) Selectivity of optical indicator to oxygen is governed by quantum mechanics (quenching only by 3 O 2 ) Our optical indicator is largely unaffected by environment due to the physical structure of the indicator (1.5 À cage) No observed fatigue from photobleaching Calibration curve follows well know physics (Stern-Volmer) and is linear - liquid phase 0.1 to 14 mg/l in water

35 Sampling Procedure vs Field Testing Error DO(mg/L) :00 11:24 13:48 16:12 Time Clark Device Winkler (field) TTI

36 Stern-Volmer for dry gas k q = 6.7 x 10 6 M -1 s -1

37 Graphic output of an experimental fiber optic DO sensor at a commercial trout farm.

Aquaculture is our Business

Aquaculture is our Business B184 Aug 2013 Xylem Analytics a leading manufacturer of premium field, portable, laboratory and online analytical instrumentation Our comprehensive range includes meters, electrodes,