Stockholm Educational Air Shower. Array. An Astroparticle Physics Research Project for High School Students. Mark Pearce. KTH Particle Physics
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1 Stockholm Educational Air Shower An Astroparticle Physics Research Project for High School Students Array Mark Pearce KTH Particle Physics
2 Aims of SEASA High school students have only a cursory exposure to the most stimulating and open questions in physics today (ie: the stuff hidden away in the final chapter of the textbook...) The SEASA project aims to stimulate high school students into choosing the science program and to pursue science or engineering at university How? through hands-on experience of forefront science and technology
3 ...linking the very large to the very small Cosmic rays...
4 TOA Above ~ 5 x ev, space becomes opaque to cosmic ray protons Sources of CR with energies above the GZK limit must be close, < Mpc No known acceleration sites for such high energies... Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) p + γ cmb p + π n + π +
5 UHECR Where are they from? How are they produced and accelerated? How can they reach us? Bottom-up? Ordinary hadrons accelerated to ultra-high energies... GRBs? Top-down? Cosmic rays are born energetic... super-heavy decays / topological defects New laws of physics at high energies?
6 Detecting Cosmic Rays
7 Ground Airshower Detector Array ev shower The lateral shower profile is measured
8 AGASA Akeno Giant Air Shower Array 1 km 111 scintillators + 27 muon detectors
9
10 The Pierre AUGER Observatory
11
12
13 Scintillator
14
15 (1) Scintillator detectors...
16
17 Air gap
18
19 PMT µ
20 (2) Timing system...
21 t 1 = t 2 = t 3? Ethernet t 1 t 2 t 3
22 The GPS Constellation 24 satellites 6 orbital planes 4 satellites per plane km altitude / 55 o inclination Anywhere on the earth 4 satellites above horizon *Clintons turns off Selective Availability May satellites lat. / long. / height / time 1 satellite time (if position known)
23 Event time = 10 ns x n + yy/mm/dd:hh/mm/ss 100 MHz counter Start Stop Pulse per second ( PPS ) G P S Secs
24
25
26 t(gps 1) t(gps 2) t(gps 1) t(gps 2) t(gps 1) t(gps 2) t(gps 1) t(gps 2) Trigger no. Trigger no.
27 # of satellites
28 School 1 PPS GPS RS232 Ethernet t 1 Analog front-end t 2 t 3 Programmable Logic Array Single Chip Computer (Linux) Analog Digital School 2 Analog Digital ~10ns V ref School 3 School 4
29 Photo: P. Walck
30 Shower Direction
31 Photo: P. Walck
32 Photo: P. Artymowicz
33 10 15 ev ev ev 5 km
34 Also: Germany Poland Portugal UK...
35 ALTA --A Collaboration between local area highschools and the University of Alberta in the area of cosmic ray research U. of Alberta, Athabasca U., UBC, (Northeastern U, Boston). ~30 Schools Involved 7(9) FULL Detector systems operating with data being recorded.
36
37 School arrays in the US benefit greatly from recycled parts from professional arrays... Hands-on work programs for students (& teachers) Co-ordinated workshops Several arrays are now taking data and seeing showers!
38
39 Research Possibilities... Large, time correlated array with local pointing Study of Ultra-high energy cosmic rays Correlations between multiple primaries Time structures in shower arrivals Unknown effects...
40 Temperature / humidity Background radiation Siesmograph Air quality Magnetic field etc. etc. A distributed data acquisition system not only for cosmic rays stand-alone or correlated to cosmic rays Ethernet
41 Summary Next step: deploy a scintillator station on the roof and identify showers then deploy a second station to check GPS time correlation Expansion to high schools depends critically on the funding received MAY make a significant contribution to physics WILL help to motivate students to study physics!
42
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