OLLI Wines of Burgundy France Session 1

Transcription

1 OLLI Wines of Burgundy France Session 1 1

2 Wine Regions of France Champagne Loire Valley Alsace Burgundy Bordeaux Côtes de Rhône Languedoc- Roussillon 2

3 Wine Regions Major Grapes Champagne sparkling Loire Valley white Alsace-white Burgundy -red & white Bordeaux - red & white Cotes de Rhone - red Languedoc-Roussillon - red & white Provence Pinot Noir, Chardonnay Sauv. Blanc, Chenin Blanc, Cabern. Franc Riesling, Gewurztraminer Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Gamay Cabern. Sauv., Merlot, Cabern. Franc, Sémillon Syrah, Grenache Merlot, Cabern. Sauv., Sauv. Blanc, Chardonnay Granache, Syrah 3

4 A.O.C. Appellation d Origine Contrôlée Laws established in 1930s set minimum requirements for each wine-producing area in France. There are more than 350 A.O.C. French wines 4

5 A.O.C. 1. Geographic origin Chablis Pommard 2. Grape variety which can be planted 3. Minimum alcohol content Chardonnay Pinot Noir 10% 10.5% 4. Vinegrowing practice: max. wine per acre 40 hectoliters / acre 35 hectoliters / acre 1 hectoliter = U.S. gallons 5

6 French Wine Labels 6

7 Wine Regions of Burgundy 7

8 Burgundy (Bourgogne) Begins about 60 miles south-east of Paris Extends for 225 miles (North-South) Weather: continental with cold winter and warm summer Population of 1.6 million Dijon (150,000) Chalon sur Saône (50,000) Auxerre (37,000) Macon (34,000) Beaune (21,000) 8

9 History of Burgundy Wine (Greek traders brought vines to Marseille in 600 BC) Roman invasion brought beginning of wine production in 51 BC (Celts had vines there already) (Greek traders brought vines to Marseille in 600 BC) Sixth century; King Guntram gave his vineyards to church in 587 Benedictines through Abbey of Cliny (founded in 910) became 1 st large vineyard until the 19 th century Another order, Cistercians (1098) created first walled vineyard, Clos de Vougeot (in 1336) Since Burgundy is land-locked, little wine was transported in medieval times except Chablis which could reach Paris by Yonne River 9

10 Burgundy History cont. In 14 th century, during Papacy in Avignon, wine was transported over land and via Saône and Rhône rivers south; considered the finest wine in Rome at the time In 1370, first mention of Pinot Noir By 18 th century, French roads improved and Burgundy began competing with Champagne wines in Paris Revolution of 1789, confiscated vineyards from Church and fragmented them into small plots 10

11 Burgundy Burgundy has more appellations (A.O.C.) than any other French region (150) Vineyards are delineated by terroir 400 types of soil in Burgundy Classifications are geographically-focused Regions runs from Auxerre to Mâcon (Lyon) Separate from Chablis (in the north) is the Côte d Or 25 miles long and 1.2 miles wide Côte de Nuits (of Dijon to south of Nuits-St.- Georges) Côte de Beaune (Ladoix to Dezize-les-Maranges) 11

12 Burgundy Classification of the qualities of the land in the Côte d Or is the most elaborate on earth. The classification dates back to the med 19 th century Grand Cru: first class; 31 in operation today; mainly in Côte de Nuits. Each Grand Cru has its own appellation; single, simple vineyard name. Example: Musigny, Corton, Montrachet Premier Cru: 635 (of varying quality); name of commune followed by name of vineyard. Example: Chassagne-Montrachet (les Calliers) 12

13 Burgundy Many tiny villages surrounded by flat and sloped vineyards Villages on eastern side of a hilly region (sheltered from prevailing westerly winds) Grand Cru come from higher slopes (most sun and best drainage) Premier Cru come from less favorable sites Village wines produce from flat territory nearer villages 13

14 Burgundy Côte de Nuits contains 24/25 red Grand Cru appellations in Burgundy Côte de Beaune contains all the white Grand Cru appellations South of Côte d Or is Côte Chalonnaise Produce both red and white wines Mercurey, Rully and Givry Further south is Mâconnais Produces larger quantities of affordable white wine Even further south is Beaujolais Fruity red wine made from Gamay grapes 14

15 Wine Regions of Burgundy 15

16 Burgundy Regions 16

17 Burgundy Regions 17

18 White Wines of Burgundy Main regions of Burgundy Chablis Côte d Or Côte de Nuits, Côte de Beune (Montrachet, Meursault) Côte Chalonnaise Mâconnais (Pouilly-Fuissé) Beaujolais 18

19 White Wines of Burgundy Types of white Burgundy - In Chablis, because of its northerly climate, its wines have more acidity than Mâconnais of the south. - 95% of grapes from Chablis and Mâconnais are fermented and aged in stainless steel. - Grapes from Côte de Beaune are fermented and aged in oak barrels adding complexity, depth, body, flavor and longevity All white Burgundies have one trait in common: They are dry. 19

20 Wines of Burgundy Classification of Burgundies Village Wine (36%) Bears name of a specific village. Consumed within 2-4 years ($ = good) Premier Cru (12%) Specific vineyard, bears name of both vineyard and village. Name of village and vineyard. Aged for 3-5 years. ($$ = better) Grand Cru (2%) Specific vineyard meets or exceeds established requirements. Bear name of vineyard. Meant for cellaring >15 years ($$$$ = best) 20

21 How can we understand Burgundy? Vineyard defined by terrior not ownership Ex: 125 acres of vineyard Clos de Vougeot has 80 owners of parcels. Grower could own just a few rows, enough to make a single barrel (25 cases) Growers have parcels from different vineyards Ex: Grower Domaine Roumier 3 wines Chambolle-Musigny Village wine: Domaine Roumier Chambolle-Musigny Premier Cru: Domaine Roumier Chambolle-Musigny Les Amourseuses Grand Cru: Domaine Roumier Les Musigny Négotiants Brokers rose to power after French revolution due to small acreage, growers could not bottle, market, sell own wine Combine small lots a bottle under their name Since , negotiants bought growers 21

22 Burgundy Pyramid 22

23 Chablis Quality levels of French Chablis Petit Chablis - ordinary quality, rarely seen in US Chablis - comes from grapes grown anywhere in Chablis district - drink within two years of vintage Chablis Premier Cru - comes from specific high-quality vineyard - drink between two and four years of vintage Chablis Grand Cru - comes from one of seven designated vineyards - Les Clos, Vaudesir, Valmur, Bourgros, Blanchot, Preuses,and Grenouilles 23

24 Chablis Labels 24

25 Chablis 25

26 Chablis 26

27 Chablis 27

28 Wine Regions of Burgundy 28

29 Burgundy Regions 29

30 Red Grapes of Burgundy Pinot Noir Gamay 30

31 Cote d Or 31

32 Map of Côte d Or 32

33 Cote d Or 33

34 Cote d Or Cote de Nuits Cote de Beaune 34

35 Côte d Or To really understand the Côte d Or Burgundy wines, one has to become familiar with the most important villages, Grand Cru vineyards and some of the Premier Cru vineyards. 35

36 Côte d Or Quality of Wines Grand Cru Premier Cru Village Generic Region Côte de Beune (8 Grand Cru) Côte de Nuits (24 Grand Cru) 36

37 Cote d Or The Côte lies on an important geological fault line where the sea-bed deposits of several different geological; epochs, each rich in calcium from defunct shellfish, are exposed like a sliced layer cake. Exposure has weathered their rocks into soils of different ages and texture. The varying degrees of slope have mixed them in different proportions. 37

38 Cote d Or 38

39 Cote d Or Classification of the qualities of the land in the Côte d Or is the most elaborate on earth. The classification dates back to the med 19 th century Grand Crus: first class; 31 in operation today; mainly in Côte de Nuits. Each Grand Cru has its own appellation. 39

40 Cote de Beaune White Wines This is one of the two major areas of the Cote d Or. Very limited amounts of wine from this areas are white, but they are some of the finest examples of dry white wine produced in the world and are considered a benchmark for winemakers everywhere. The four most important white wine villages of the Cote de Beaune are: Aloxe-Corton Meursault Puligny-Montrachet Chassagne-Montrachet All produce wines that are 100% Chardonnay grapes The primary difference is in the location of the vineyard: soil and slope of the land. 40

41 Labels from Côte d Or 41

42 Villages of Côte de Beaune Aloxe-Corton (2) Beaune Pommard Volnay Meursault Puligny-Montrachet (4) Chassagne-Montrachet (3) Santenay 42

43 Côte de Beaune Three main sub-regions Santenay Meursault Beaune 43

44 Santenay Two main sub-regions Santenay Chassagne-Montrachet 44

45 Santenay Most confused geologically Complex faults make radical changes of soil and subsoil Chassagne-Montrachet; excellent white wines succulent, golden white wine scented with flowers and hazelnuts; produces some red also 45

46 Santenay 46

47 Côte de Beaune: Meursault Main sub-regions Chassagne-Montrachet St-Aubin Puligny-Montrachet Meursault Auxey-Duress Monthelie Volnay 47

48 Meursault Considered the best white wines in the world Perfect exposure to east (sun shine down rows as late as 9 pm in summer) Limestone soil Grand Cru Montrachet: more scent, golden color, longer flavor, more succulent and more density than any other Chardonnay in the world Puligny tends to be more delicate than Meursault 48

49 Meursault 49

50 Meursault 50

51 Beaune No Grand Cru in either Pommard or Beune North of Beune lies Corton Produces some amount of white, Corton-Charlemagne (which can rival Montracher Simpler wines labeled Aloxe-Corton are produced on lower slopes; red big, fruity sometines tannic 51

52 Côte de Beaune: Beaune Main sub-regions Pommard Beaune Savigny-lès-Beaune Chorey-lès-Beaune Pernand-Vergelesses Aloxe-Corton 52

53 Cote de Beaune 53

54 Cote de Beaune 54

55 Cote de Beaune 55

56 Cote de Beaune 56

57 Cote d Or Cote de Nuits Cote de Beaune 57

58 Map of Côte d Or 58

59 Cote de Nuits Two main subregions Nuits-St-Georges Gevrey-Chambertin 59

60 Villages of Côte de Nuits Dijon Fixin Gevrey-Chambertin (9) Morey-St-Denis (5) Chambolle-Musigny (2) Vougeot (1) Vosne-Romanée (7) Nuits-St-Georges 60

61 Nuits-St-Georges Intense, deeper color, larger life characterize these Pinot Noirs Long line of Grand Crus, from Prémeaux to Vosne- Romanée and Vougeot Some of the world s most expensive wines Romanee-Conti, la Romanee, le Richebourg, Clos de Voygeot Clos de Vougeot 125 acres 80 owners (vineyards), some no more that 1-2 rows On a slope with higher regions producing best wines Confrérie des Chevaliers du Tastevin 61

62 Nuits-St-Georges 62

63 Nuits-St- Georges 63

64 Nuits-St- Georges 64

65 65

66 Gevrey-Chambertin Archeological evidence of plantings as early as 1 st century BC 310 acres of Pinot Noir 33 of Burgundy s Grand Crus Musigny wines have a delicacy of perfume over classic Pinor Noir characteristics; can age years aging There are more famous vineyards in this region than any other in Burgundy 66

67 Cote Châlonnaise Least known major wine district of Burgundy Mainly know for value Pinot Noir as Mercurey,Givry and Rully Value white wines Montagny Rully 67

68 Cote Châlonnaise 68

69 Mâconnais The southernmost, white-wine-producing area in Burgundy Pleasant, light, uncomplicated table wines Most famous: Pouilly-Fuissé Other Quality Wines (Basic-Best): Macon Blanc Macon Superieur Macon-Villages St-Veran Pouilly-Vinzelles Pouilly-Fuisse 69

70 Mâconnais 70

71 Pouilly-Fuisse 71

72 Pouilly-Fuisse Wave-shaped limestone hills rich in alkaline clay, loved by Chardonnay grapes Use a variety of wine making techniques Type and length on oak Lees-stirring Use of second crop fruit to add acidity 72

73 Beaujolais Made from 100% Gamay grapes Light and fruity Served chilled Very affordable Consumed very young 73

74 Beaujolais 74

75 Quality Levels of Beaujolais Beaujolais Basic Beaujolais (Cost $) Beaujolais Villages Blend from certain villages (Cost $$) Cru Name of one of 10 villages (Cost $$$) Brouilly, Chénas, Chiroubles, Côte de Brouilly, Fleurie, Juliénas, Morgon, Moulin-a-Vent, Régnié, Saint-Amour 75

76 Beaujolais Nouveau Lighter and fruitier Picked, fermented, bottled, sold Best drunk within 6 months Released on 3rd Thursday of November 76

77 Red Wines of Burgundy Main regions of Burgundy Côte d Or Côte de Nuits, Côte de Beune Beaujolais Côte Châlonnaise 77