Data from Emissions Trading Scheme

Transcription

1 Technical Assistance for Support to Mechanism for Monitoring Turkey's Greenhouse Gas Emissions Italy, 7-11 September 2015 Study Visit Data from Emissions Trading Scheme Antonio Caputo ISPRA Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research

2 Overview About 1,000 national plants are involved in European Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) operating since 2005 pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC. CO2 from main emissions i intensive i industries: i Combustion installations exceeding 20 MW Mineral oil refineries Pig iron or steel including casting installations Cement clinker and lime in rotary kilns or other furnaces Glass and glass fiber manufacturing installations Installations for manufacturing ceramic products by fire Pulp paper and board industrial plant N2O emissions from the production of certain acids (nitric, adipic, glyoxal and glyoxylic acids), emissions of PFCs from aluminum production, and CO2 emissions from commercial airlines are included since CO2 emissions from EU-ETS ETS account for 45-50% 50% of national CO2 emissions.

3 Methodological issues Every ETS operator have to fill in the questionnaire about the year activity in the plant and send it to the ETS Committee (National Authority) by 31 March of the next year. The questionnaire was prepared according to the guidelines for monitoring and reporting CO2 emissions in ETS plants (Regulation 601/2012 replacing Decision 589/2007). The monitoring and reporting rules are in compliance with IPCC guidelines in order to facilitate the cross-attribution of emissions [ ] with emissions reported in national inventories using the different source categories of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The questionnaire i gathers the main data on fuel consumption, energy content, CO2 emissions for every fuel and process as well as information about the production activities of the plant.

4 Main Parameters: Activity data

5 Main Parameters: Process and fuel combustion data

6 QA/QC and verification Data are checked and verified by accredited verifiers that shall address the reliability, credibility and accuracy of monitoring i systems and the reported data and information relating to emissions, (Directive 2003/87/EC). Despite of the checking activities by verifiers data need to be controlled in order to have data with the same unit of measure or to correct some mistake. Every questionnaire is uploaded in a DB in order to make easy the checking process and calculate statistics for sectors, fuels and so on.

7 Calculations EM = CO2 Emissions i (t) [fixed constraint] t] FC = Fuel Consumption (t, Sm3) FEC = Fuel Energy Content (TJ) EF = Emissions Factor (t CO2/TJ) LHV = Fuel Low Heat Value (MJ/kg, MJ/Sm3) OF = Oxidation Factor (adimensional, [0-1]) For each fuel the weighted average emission factor and low heat value are calculated.

8 Outcomes Since 2005 ETS data are used to elaborate the national emission factors for fuels which account for more than 90% of national consumption: Steam coal Petroleum coke Refinery gas Coke oven gas Blast furnace gas Oxygen furnace gas Heavy residuals fuels Synthesis gas Residual gas of chemical processes. To prepare the EU inventory each Member State is required to fill a template with emissions and share of ETS in the inventory emissions for each CRF source category. Data are also used to check the national energy balance for fuels used only in ETS plants and for sectors that are totally included in ETS (as refineries) or sectors whose ETS plants account for the most part of national plants.

9 Cross check between BEN data and ETS data totale combustibili01_gas naturale 04_Gas di altoforno 05_Gas derivati da altoforno convertitore (o 06_Gas di gas di acciaieria) cokeria 08_Gas derivati di raffineria 19_Coke di petrolio Metanodotti, ETS Energia Comb.le (TJ) 12, ETSEnergia Comb.le (ktep) BENEnergia Comb.le (ktep) differenza Raffinerie, ETS Energia Comb.le (TJ) 45, ,854 44,878 ETSEnergia Comb.le (ktep) 7,482 1, ,629 1,073 BENEnergia Comb.le (ktep) 6, , differenza (BEN-ETS) Elettriche, ETS Energia Comb.le (TJ) 940,322 19, ,489 7,323 - ETSEnergia Comb.le (ktep) 37,055 22, BENEnergia Comb.le (ktep) 42,572 23, differenza (BEN-ETS) 5, siderurgia, ETS Energia Comb.le (TJ) 71,300 34,712 12,919 18, ETSEnergia Comb.le (ktep) 8,835 1, BENEnergia Comb.le (ktep) 7,624 1, differenza (BEN-ETS) -1, cemento+calce-lateriziceramica ETS Energia Comb.le (TJ) 8, ,198 (incl.laterizi+ceramica) ETSEnergia Comb.le (ktep) 2, ,773 BENEnergia Comb.le (ktep) 3, ,167 differenza (BEN-ETS) 1, vetro, ETS Energia Comb.le (TJ) 34, ETSEnergia Comb.le (ktep) (vetro+ceram.)benenergia Comb.le (ktep) 2,035 1,813 differenza (BEN-ETS) 1, carta, ETS Energia Comb.le (TJ) 79, ETSEnergia Comb.le (ktep) 1,934 1, BENEnergia Comb.le (ktep) 1,868 1,803 differenza (BEN-ETS)

10 Issues to be considered There are still some issues concerning energy interconnection between plants. Some plants produce waste gases used in other plants (coke oven gas, blast furnace and oxygen furnace gas), so we should expect a perfect balance but this is not always the case. Sometimes there are differences that deserve to be investigated. Although emissions data are available for each fuel the ETS operator do not supply energy and emissions released for each product so it is impossible to use this data to calculate a product benchmark. As regards the completeness of data communicated by industrial operators we can check CO2 emissions data and the number of plants with the European registry. ETS data account from 98,5% to 99,9% of the registry data, so it is quite good.

11 ISPRA Institute for Environmental Protection and Research Thank you In country review Italy Rome, 30/09-5/