2011 OWEA Wet Weather Issues Webinar Series
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1 2011 OWEA Wet Weather Issues Webinar Series Curtis D. Courter, P.E.
2 Webinar Topics Background Treatment Alternatives Solids and Floatables Control Disinfection Alternatives Clarification EHRT HRPCT
3 Background - CSOs Discharge untreated sewage diluted with rainwater to local waterways (CSO) Water quality & human health impacts National issue 85 Ohio communities w/ combined systems Over 1300 CSOs Source: City of Wilmington Delaware
4 Stream/River Miles (1000s) Background Water Quality Source: iaspub.epa.gov
5 Background - Regulatory CSO Control Policy Clear levels of control Flexibility Phased implementation Review and revision WQS Nine Minimum Controls NPDES Permits Consent Judgments
6 Webinar Topics Background Treatment Alternatives Solids and Floatables Control Disinfection Alternatives Clarification EHRT HRPCT
7 Why Solids and Floatables Control? Nine Minimum Controls Control of solids & floatables materials in CSOs (NMC 6) Pollution prevention to reduce contaminants in CSOs (NMC 7) Narrative Water Quality Standards Waters shall be free from floating materials entering as result of human activity in amounts to be unsightly or cause degradation OAC B Pollution Discharge Elimination Permits None as a result of discharge in unnatural quantities injurious to designated use - MI Consent Orders Engineering study of past, current and future measures to control solids and floatables materials Cincinnati MSD Assess construction of facilities for removing floatables from CSOs as an element of LTCP Toledo
8 Solids and Floatables Controls Source controls In-System controls End-of-Pipe controls
9 Source Controls Pollution prevention
10 Source Controls Catch basin modifications
11 Source Controls Filters
12 In-System & End-of-Pipe Controls Simple bar racks
13 In-System & End-of-Pipe Controls Static baffles
14 In-System & End-of-Pipe Controls Dynamic baffles
15 In-System & End-of-Pipe Controls Mechanically cleaned screens
16 In-System & End-of-Pipe Controls Proprietary controls Hydrodynamic separators Nutrient Separating Baffle Box Others
17 End-of-Pipe Controls Nets
18 End-of-Pipe Controls In Receiving Water - Nets
19 End-of-Pipe Controls In Receiving Water - Booms
20 Case Study - Sanitation District No. 1 Cincinnati SD1 Program Options Regulatory: S&F Controls everywhere Other Communities: Pilot engineered controls Hybrid: Simple S&F w/ engineered controls Pilot program developed Hydraulic criteria, controls, inspection forms
21 Simple S&F Controls Bar Racks & Baffles Pleasant Street Dry Weather Flow Weir Outfall Outfall Sump 4 th Street Baffle
22 Simple S&F Controls Net Bags Net Bags Elevated Outfall Pipe
23 Engineered S&F Control Sewer NSBB Screen Baffle Sediment Sumps Outfall
24 Select Observations Bar Racks Outfall Natural Debris Influent Overtopping ~ 6 month storm event Blocking Tie-off Blocking Rack Overtopping Influent Outfall
25 Select Observations Baffles Baffle Influent Outfall Overtopping ~ 6 month storm event Baffle Overtopping Influent Outfall Blocking Tie-off
26 Select Observations Nets (Logged Changes) Mary Ingles 8 lbs 5 lbs (12/4/07) 6 lbs (12/5/07) 1½ lbs (12/11/07) 8 lbs (12/26/07) 5 lbs (6/19/08) 4 lbs 5 lbs
27 Pilot S&F Control Pilot Program Summary of findings: Bar racks ineffective due to blinding and height limitations due to hydraulic restrictions Weirs and baffles marginally effective need good hydraulics at CSO diversion (check velocity under baffle) Nets on elevated overflow outfall pipes highly effective as long as velocities are not too high (damage nets)
28 Final S&F Control Program Install simple controls (weirs/baffles and nets) where configuration and hydraulics allow and effectiveness anticipated Engineered control locations would be through watershed planning Source controls public education, street cleaning, catch basin modifications & cleaning, grit pits, regulate construction site runoff
29 Webinar Topics Background Treatment Alternatives Solids and Floatables Control Disinfection Alternatives Clarification EHRT HRPCT
30 Log F. Coli. Reduction High Rate Disinfection Application of disinfectants using high-rate mixing as a substitute for contact time Effect on Cl 2 Dose in Regression Models Kill = C x G x T 5 4 D.T. = 4 minutes TKN = 3.6 mg/l BOD = 31.5 mg/l 20 mg/l - Cl 2 Spring Crk. (1997) 10 mg/l - Cl 2 8 mg/l - Cl 2 Where: T 5 minutes Applies to chemical disinfectants mg/l - Cl 2 4 mg/l - Cl ,000 10, ,000 1,000,000 GT Source: Combined Sewer Overflow Abatement Program, Rochester, NY Volume II. Pilot Plant Evaluations (EPA 600/ b)
31 Disinfection Methods Ozone Chlorine Dioxide Gaseous Chlorine Calcium Hypochlorite UV Sodium Hypochlorite Peracetic Acid BCDMH (bromine)
32 Disinfection Methods Ultra Violet (UV) Physical disinfectant Common Elements Pretreatment Power center Lamps Ballast Cleaning System Gates (level control & Isolation) Instrumentation (transmittance, etc.)
33 Disinfection Methods Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) Chlorine based solution Common Elements Storage tanks Transfer pumps Day tanks Feed pumps Mixers / diffusers Instrumentation (flow, TRC, ORP, TSS) Sampling equipment Dechlorination
34 Disinfection Methods Peracetic Acid (PAA) Acetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide solution Common Elements 275 gallon totes or 55 gallon drums Feed pumps Mixers / diffusers Instrumentation (flow, TSS) Sampling equipment Pressure relief Heat monitoring
35 Disinfection Methods Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin (BCDMH) Bromine based powder Common Elements BCDMH Unit Storage hopper Feed equipment Dissolution equipment Feed pumps Mixers / diffusers Instrumentation (flow, TSS) Sampling equipment Courtesy of City of Akron
36 Case Study Conner Creek Retention Treatment Basin NPDES Permit Requirements 5 minute detention 10-Yr peak flow 30 13,262 CFS Fecal coliform limits 400 cfu/100 ml daily 200 cfu/100 ml monthly TRC goal < 1 mg/l
37 Disinfection System Studies NaOCl Feed System Control Study Disinfection Pilot Study Mixer Modeling NaOCl Degradation Study
38 Disinfection Pilot Study Objectives Determine dose vs. kill relationship Determine effect of mixing technology on kill Disinfectant Sodium hypochlorite Technologies Tested Vertical shaft Pumped diffusion High speed submersible induction G ~ 500 sec-1
39 Disinfection Pilot Study Conclusions Mixing technology: Mixers are equivalent for equivalent G Rapid and thorough mixing is critical CxT = log fecal coliform reduction 400 cfu/100 ml Submersible induction mixers selected
40 Mixer Modeling High speed submersible mixers Between 4 and 8 mixers required per channel Objectives Determine the number of mixers 3 Mixers Tested 2 Manufacturers, vacuum and non-vacuum styles Rhodamine WT tracer
41 Mixer Modeling Testing Channel Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center
42 Mixer Modeling Sampling Station 1 10 Feet Downstream of Mixer Sampling Station 2 58 Feet Downstream of Mixer Sample Pumps Sampling Grid
43 Mixer Modeling 0.25 Normalized Cl 2 Contours Measured 10 Feet Downstream of Mixer At 3.2 FPS
44 Mixer Modeling 0.1 Normalized Cl 2 Contours Measured 58 Feet Downstream of Mixer At 2.7 FPS
45 Mixer Modeling Conclusions Secondary Mixing Enhances Dispersion Six Mixers Per Channel Additional Disinfectant Needed At Bottom of Channel Contact Basin Starts Approx. 58-Feet Downstream of Mixers
46 Operational Observations From 2- Year Intensive Monitoring* 46 activations & 25 discharge events Captured 2.5 billion gallons and discharged another 2.9 billion gallons of treated effluent Max effluent flow ~2,600 cfs (T~25 min.) Over 13-1/2 days of overflow Recently had an event lasting 8 days *DWSD 2008, Conner Creek CSO Basin Evaluation, October 24, 2008.
47 Webinar Topics Background Treatment Alternatives Solids and Floatables Control Disinfection Alternatives Clarification EHRT HRPCT
48 High Rate Clarification Alternatives Chemical (non-proprietary) CEPT EHRT Physical-Chemical (proprietary) CoMag / BioMag Densadeg Actiflo / Bio-Actiflo Windsor Ontario EHRT Pilot Plant
49 Chemically Enhanced Clarification CEPT / EHRT Addition of coagulant and polymer Aggregates particles (flocculation) Common Elements Screens Grit chamber Settling tank Chemical feed system Mixers Baffles Instrumentation, pumps, piping, etc.
50 Physical-Chemical Clarification Densadeg Degremont Technologies Recycled sludge ballast Polymer Common Elements Screens Reactor Rapid Mixer Lamella tubes Instrumentation, pumps, piping, etc.
51 Physical-Chemical Clarification Actiflo / Bio-Actiflo Microsand ballast Polymer Common Elements Fine screens Hydrocyclones Rapid Mixer Lamella plates Instrument., pumps, piping, etc.
52 Physical-Chemical Clarification CoMag / BioMag Cambridge Water Tech. Magnetite ballast Polymer Common Elements Feeder / hopper Mix tank Mixers Shear mill and magnetic separator Ballast make up Instrumentation, pumps, piping, etc.
53 Case Study NYCDEP Jamaica Tribs CSO Project NYC Actiflo & Densadeg side-by-side pilot Unit No. of Runs Flow (mgd) HRT (min) FeCl3 (mg/l) Polymer (mg/l) SOR (1000s - gpd/ft 2 ) Startup Time (min) Densadeg Actiflo Unit Waste Sludge TSS (%) Influent TSS (mg/l) Effluent TSS (mg/l) TSS Removal (%) Influent BOD5 (mg/l) Effluent BOD5 (mg/l) BOD5 removal (%) Densadeg 1-10% % % Actiflo % % %
54 Questions? Thank You Curtis D. Courter, P.E. Hazen and Sawyer, P.C. (513) Office (513) Mobile
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