SECTION 22: LIGHTNING INDUCED TRANSIENT SUSCEPTIBILITY

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1 SECTION 22: LIGHTNING INDUCED TRANSIENT SUSCEPTIBILITY Muhammad Asad A. Bajwa Certifying the World, One Product at a Time

2 Outline Introduction RTCA DO-160 Lightening Induced Transient Susceptibility Test Requirements Test methods Certifying the World, One Product at a Time

3 Introduction RTCA/DO-160G, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment. RTCA Special Committee 135. Covers procedures and environmental test criteria for testing airborne electrical and electronic equipment (avionics). Covers Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) or other international regulations for avionics equipment. Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

4 REFERENCES RTCA/DO-160G, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment, RTCA, Inc., December 8, RTCA/DO-160F, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment, RTCA, Inc., December, RTCA/DO-160D, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment, RTCA, Inc., July 29, MIL-STD-461F, Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics of Subsystems and Equipment, Dept. of Defense Interface Standard, 10 December 2007 Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

5 Avionics We sometimes think of avionics as being the navigation and communications equipment, but it also includes: Engine controls Server motor controllers for control surfaces ailerons, rudder, flaps Landing Gear control Radars WiFi Satellite TV and entertainment systems Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

6 RTCA DO-160 RTCA is the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics Publishes DO-160 DO-160F issued in December 2007 Latest is DO-160G with a Section 22 User Guide released December years before next release DO-160 Section 22 is Lightning Induced Transient Susceptibility (indirect effects of lightning) Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

7 SAE SAE serves the Aerospace, Automobile, Commercial Vehicle and Motorsport industries AE-2 is responsible for Section 22 of RTCA DO-160 Also responsible for Section 23 Lightning Direct Effects Fuel ignition and physical damage And P-Static buildup of charge on an airframe and its effects Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

8 EUROCAE European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment Publishes ED-84: Aircraft Lightning Environment and Related Test Waveforms Essentially the same as DO-160 Section 22 Works in collaboration with SAE and is tasked to update various ED/ARP documents related to lightning Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

9 Mil-Std-461F Mil-Std-461(F) is used as a basis for environmental testing of military aircraft world-wide. It is planned that parts or all of DO-160 Section 22 will be incorporated in the next revision (Rev G) of Mil-Std-461 originally tentatively planned to start in 2012 and to be released in 2013/14. Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

10 DO-160 Section 22 Testing DO-160 Section 22 Lightning Induced Transient Susceptibility Verifies equipment capability to withstand the induced effects of lightning (indirect effects). However, these tests may not cover all aspects of lightning induced interaction and effects on equipment. Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

11 Who needs this testing? Airframe manufacturers (partial list) Brazil Embraer Canada Bombardier China Shanghai Aircraft, Xian, ACAC France Airbus, ATR, Eurocopter Germany Airbus, Dornier, Fokker Italy ATR, Alenia Aermacchi Japan Kawasaki Heavy Industries Korea Korea Aerospace Industries Russia Anotov, Ilyushin Sweden Saab USA Aviat, Boeing, Cessna, Raytheon (Beechcraft), Gulfstream Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

12 Composite Materials Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

13 Composite Materials B787 Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

14 DO-160 Section 22 Testing Overview 7 Test Waveforms (1, 2, 3, 4, 5A, 5B, 6) 5 Test Levels (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) 2 Test Types (Pin Injection, Cable Bundle) 3 Test Methods (Direct, Cable Induction, Ground Injection) 3 Cable Bundle Test Applications (Single Stroke, Multiple Stroke, Multiple Burst) Test Category Designations (ex: B3G4L3, AZZ3XX) Test Procedures (General, Pin Injection, Cable Bundle) Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

15 DO-160 Section 22 Test Waveforms Waveform 1 - Current Double exponential 6.4 us x 69 us (to 50%) Waveform 2 Voltage Double exponential 100 ns x 6.4 us (at zero crossing) Waveform 3 Voltage Ringing wave, sine or cosine 1 MHz and 10 MHz Waveform 4 Voltage Double Exponential 6.4 us x 69 us (to 50%) Waveform 5A Current Double Exponential 40 us X 120 us (to 50%) Waveform 5B Current Double Exponential 50 us X 500 us (to 50%) Waveform 6 Current Double Exponential 250 ns X 4 us (to 50%) Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

16 Waveform 1 Waveform 1 - Current Double exponential 6.4 us x 69 us (to 50%) Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

17 Waveform 2 Waveform 2 Voltage Double exponential 100 ns x 6.4 us (at zero crossing) Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

18 Waveform 3 Waveform 3 Voltage Ringing wave, sine or cosine 1 MHz and 10 MHz Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

19 Waveform 4 Waveform 4 Voltage Double Exponential 6.4 us x 69 us (to 50%) Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

20 Waveform 5A, 5B Waveform 5A Current Double Exponential 40 us X 120 us (to 50%) Waveform 5B Current Double Exponential 50 us X 500 us (to 50%) Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

21 Waveform 6 Waveform 6 Current Double Exponential 250 ns X 4 us (to 50%) Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

22 Section 22 Test Levels Level 1 Equipment and wiring are installed in a well protected environment Level 2 Equipment and wiring are in a partially protected environment Level 3 Equipment and wiring are in a moderately exposed environment Level 4 and 5 Equipment and wiring are in severe electromagnetic environments (or Mission Critical, typically) Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

23 Section 22, Test Types Pin Injection Tests (Waveforms 3, 4, 5A) Directly injects the waveform into EUT connector pins/interface circuits The EUT is normally powered Cable Bundle Tests (All Waveforms) Applies the waveform onto cable bundle(s) This method evaluates the functional upset tolerance of EUT Cable bundle tests can also provide an indication of damage tolerance. Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

24 Section 22, Test Methods Direct Pin Injection Method (Pin Injection Test only) Cable Induction Method (Pin Injection or Cable Bundle Test) Ground Injection Method (Pin Injection or Cable Bundle Test) Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

25 Cable Bundle Test Applications 3 Cable Bundle Test Applications Single Stroke Application (All Waveforms) A single (1) transient. Multiple Stroke Application (Waveforms 1, 2, 3, 4, 5A, 5B) A set of 14 transients. The 1 st transient is at a higher amplitude than the subsequent 13 transients. Multiple Burst Application (Waveforms 3, 6) A set of 3 bursts each consisting of 20 transients. All transients are at the same amplitude. Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

26 Section 22 Test Procedures General Test Requirements Pin Injection Tests (WF3, 4, 5A) Cable Bundle Tests (All waveforms) Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

27 Section 22, Cable Bundle Interconnects Lowest point of cable bundle must be 50 mm above the Ground plane by support material that is non-absorptive, non-conductive, and non-reflective. Cable bundle shall be at least 3.3 m long, unless otherwise specified. Recommended maximum cable bundle length is 15 m. Exceptions to this length would be for phase matching and similar reasons. Power Leads shall be no more than 1 m long, unless otherwise specified. Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

28 Section 22, Power Leads Power Leads For cable bundle tests, power and return leads normally bundled with the control/signal leads shall remain in the cable bundle. Only separate from bundle just prior to the cable bundle exiting the test area. When cable bundle configuration is unknown or when power and/or return leads are normally routed separately from the control/signal leads, the power and return leads should be broken out of the cable bundle near the connector of the EUT and run separately to the LISNs. Under these conditions, the length of the leads to the LISNs shall not exceed 1.0 m unless otherwise specified. When the return lead is a local ground (less than 1 meter in length), this lead may be grounded directly to the test bench. Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

29 Section 22 Test Procedures Pin Injection Tests (WF3, 4, 5A) Direct Injection Method (Power and Signal Pins) Cable Induction Method (Power Pins only) Ground Injection Method (Power Pins only) Cable Bundle Tests (All waveforms) Cable Induction Method Ground Injection Method Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

30 Cable Bundle - Cable Induction Verification Typical Generator Performance Verification Setup for Cable Induction Tests Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

31 Typical Cable Bundle Cable Induction Setup Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

32 Cable Bundle - Ground Injection Verification Typical Generator Performance Verification Setup for Ground Injection Tests Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

33 Summary 7 Test Waveforms (1, 2, 3, 4, 5A, 5B, 6) 5 Test Levels (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) 2 Test Types (Pin Injection, Cable Bundle) 3 Test Methods (Direct*, Cable Induction, Ground Injection) 3 Cable Bundle Test Applications (Single Stroke, Multiple Stroke, Multiple Burst) Test Category Designations (ex: B3G4L3, AZZ3XX) Test Procedures (General guidelines, Generator Verification, Pin Injection, Cable Bundle) Transient Amplitude Determination Guidelines Test Reports * Only for Pin Injection Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

34 Thermo Scientific LTS Overview LTS Safety LTS Capabilities LTS Configuration LTS Operation LTS Demonstration Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

35 Coupling Clamps DCHV-1 (WF3, 6) DCV-1 (WF2) DCI-1 (WF1, 5A, 5B) Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

36 How can MET Assist? Perform compliance assessment Confirm regulatory requirements for target markets Develop compliance strategy Strategic plans for multiple markets Customize compliance around your needs Execute compliance strategy Project Management Testing, Certification (Marks, Certificates), Inspection, Documentation Updates on evolving global compliance Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time

37 Thank you Are there any Questions? OSHA NRTL Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory A2LA-Accredited to ISO/IEC 17025:2005 (Baltimore: # , Union City: # ) FCC TCB Telecommunications Certification Body SCC CB Standards Council of Canada Certification Body Baltimore, MD Union City, CA Santa Clara, CA Austin, TX Raleigh, NC Shenzhen, China Seoul, Korea 82.(0) Taiwan, R.O.C Europe IECEE NCB National Certification Body NVLAP-Accredited NIST CAB Conformity Assessment Body Verizon ITL Independent Testing Laboratory DSCC-Accredited for Designated MIL-STD Testing EPCglobal Inc, ェ Official Test Lab for RFID Hardware Certification Program DASH7, Official Test Lab for RFID certification program VCCI - Voluntary Council for Control of Interference (Japan) ISTA Transit Tested Program Member - International Safe Transit Association ACIL Member - American Council of Independent Laboratories Measurement Canada Recognized Test Facility for electricity meters Certifying Certifying the the World, World, One One Product Product at at a Time Time