Selected Normal Pediatric Laboratory Values
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1 Selected Normal Pediatric Laboratory Values All laboratory values listed are approximate. Consult your local laboratory for guidelines as to normal values for the specific testing procedures used. NORMAL VALUES: BLOOD Albumin (S) g/dl 1 3 years: g/dl 4 6 years: g/dl 7 9 years: g/dl years: g/dl Aldolase (S) months: U/L 2 7 years: U/L U/L Aldosterone (S) years: 1 24 ng/dl years: 2 15 ng/dl years: 1 22 ng/dl years: 1 32 ng/dl Ammonia (P) 1 50 mmol/l 0 35 mmol/l Base Excess (B) 1 10 to 2 mmol/l Infant: 7 to 1 mmol/l Child: 4 to +2 mmol/l 3 to +3 mmol/l Bicarbonate, Actual (P) 2 Calculated from ph and PaCO mmol/l 2 months 2 years: mmol/l mmol/l mmol/l mmol/l Alkaline Phosphatase (S) 2 Values in IU/L at 37 C (98.6 F) using p-nitrophenol phosphate buffered with AMP (kinetic). Bilirubin, Conjugated (S) 1 Neonates: Neonate: Preterm (1 6 days): 10 mol/l 2 mol/l 10 mol/l Newborns (1 3 days) months years years years years years years years Adults a 1 Antitrysin (S) mg/dl 1 3 years: mg/dl 4 9 years: mg/dl years: mg/dl years: mg/dl Note: Modified from: 1 Soldin, S.J., Brugnara, C., & Hicks, J.M. (1999). Pediatric reference ranges (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: AACC Press. 2 Hay, W.W., Hayward, A.R., Levin, M.J., Sondheimer, J.M. (2000). Current pediatric diagnosis and treatment (15th ed.). New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw Hill. Bleeding Time (Simplate) min. Blood Volume 2 Premature infants: 98 ml/kg At 1 year: 86 ml/kg (range, ml/kg) Older children: 70 ml/kg (range, ml/kg) Calcium (S) 2 Premature infants (first week): Full-term infants (first week): Carbon Dioxide, Partial Pressure (PCO 2 ) (B) meq/l ( mmol/l) meq/l ( mmol/l) meq/l ( mmol/l) mmhg ( kpa) Infant: mmhg ( kpa) mmhg ( kpa) Carbon Dioxide, Total (P) 1 Cord blood: 1 year: mmol/l mmol/l mmol/l
2 Chloride (S, P) 1 1 year: mmol/l 1 17 years: mmol/l mmol/l Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein (S) years: mg/dl ( mmol/l) years: mg/dl ( mmol/l) years: mg/dl ( mmol/l) Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (S) years: mg/dl ( mmol/l) years: mg/dl ( mmol/l) years: mg/dl ( mmol/l) Cholesterol, Total (S, P) years: mg/dl ( mmol/l) 4 6 years: mg/dl ( mmol/l) 7 9 years: mg/dl ( mmol/l) years: mg/dl ( mmol/l) years: mg/dl ( mmol/l) Complement (S) 2 C3: mg/dl C4: mg/dl Creatine Kinase (S, P) 2 Fasting Insulin Level mu/l Fibrinogen (P) mg/dl ( mol/l) Galactose (S, P) mg/dl ( mmol/l) Galactose 1-Phosphate (RBC) Normal: 1 mg/dl of packed erythrocyte lysate; slightly higher in cord blood Infants with congenital galactosemia on a milk-free diet: 2 mg/dl Infants with congenital galactosemia taking milk: 9 20 mg/dl Galactose 1-Phosphate Uridyl Transferase (RBC) 2 Normal: miu/g of hemoglobin Heterozygous for Duarte variant: miu/g of hemoglobin Homozygous for Duarte variant: miu/g of hemoglobin Heterozygous for congenital galactosemia: miu/g of hemoglobin Homozygous for congenital galactosemia: 8 miu/g of hemoglobin Glucose (S, P) 2 Premature infants: Full-term infants: Children and adults (fasting): mg/dl ( mmol/l) mg/dl ( mmol/l) mg/dl ( mmol/l) Newborns (1 3 days): Creatine (S, P) IU/L at 37 C (98.6 F) IU/L at 37 C (98 F) IU/L at 37 C (98.6 F) Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (RBC) units/dl Glucose Tolerance Test Results in Serum a2 Values in mg/dl ( mol/l) GLUCOSE INSULIN 1 3 days a ( ) ( ) 1 year ( ) ( ) 2 3 years ( ) ( ) 4 7 years ( ) ( ) 8 10 years ( ) ( ) years ( ) ( ) years ( ) ( ) years ( ) ( ) a Values may be higher in premature newborns. Creatinine Clearance 2 Values show great variability and depend on specificity of analytical methods used. Newborns (1 day): 5 50 ml/min/1.73 m 2 (mean, 18 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ) Newborns (6 days): ml/min/1.73 m 2 (mean, 36 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ) ml/min/1.73 m ml/min/1.73 m 2 TIME mg/dl mmol/l U/mL pmol/l Fasting min min min hr hr hr hr a Normal levels based on results in 13 normal children given glucose, 1.75 g/kg orally in one dose, after 2 weeks on a high-carbohydrate diet. Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Hemoglobin A 1 ) (B) 1 Normal: 4 7% of total hemoglobin Diabetic patients in good control 8 10% of their condition: Diabetic patients in poor control: 8 18% Pregnant Women: 5% 8% Values tend to vary with testing technique. C-Reactive Protien (S) 1 Cord blood: Adult: g/l 68 8,200 g/l a Note: These values reflect total Hemoglobin A 1 levels. When Hemoglobin A 1c is computed, values are usually 2 4% lower.
3 Growth Hormone (S) 2 After infancy (fasting specimen): 0 5 ng/ml In response to natural and artificial provocation (e.g., sleep, arginine, insulin, hypoglycemia): 8 ng/ml During the newborn period (fasting specimen): GH levels are high (15 40 ng/ml) and responses to provocation variable Hematocrit (B) 1 Age Males (%) Females (%) Newborns months 2 years years years years years Hemoglobin (B) 1 Age Males (g/dl) Females (g/dl) Newborns months 2 years years years years years Hemoglobin A 1C See Glycosylated Hemoglobin. Hemoglobin Electrophoresis (B) 2 A 1 hemoglobin: A 2 hemoglobin: Hemoglobin, Fetal (B) 2 At birth: At 1 year: Up to 2 years: Immunoglobulins (S) 1 96% 98.5% of total hemoglobin 1.5% 4% of total hemoglobin 50% 85% of total hemoglobin 15% of total hemoglobin 5% of total hemoglobin 2% of total hemoglobin IgG IgA IgM Age (mg/dl) (mg/dl) (mg/dl) 1 30 days months months years years years years years years Immunoglobulin E (S, P) months 1 KIU/L 1 3 years 90 KIU/L 4 10 years 193 KIU/L years 398 KIU/L Iron (S, P) g/dl ( mol/l) 6 weeks 3 years: g/dl ( mol/l) 3 9 years: g/dl ( mol/l) 9 14 years: g/dl ( mol/l) years: g/dl ( mol/l) g/dl ( mol/l) Iron-Binding Capacity (S, P) 2 Children and adults: Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) (S, P) g/dl ( mol/l) g/dl (45 72 mol/l) Values using lactate substrate (kinetic). 1 3 days: IU/L at 37 C (98.6 F) 1 month 5 years: IU/L at 37 C (98.6 F) 5 8 years: IU/L at 37 C (98.6 F) 8 12 years: IU/L at 37 C (98.6 F) years: IU/L at 37 C (98.6 F) years: IU/L at 37 C (98.6 F) IU/L at 37 C (98.6 F) IU/L at 37 C (98.6 F) Lead (B) years 10 g/dl ( 0.48 mol/l) Magnesium (P) 1 Values in mg/dl (mmol/l) 1 30 days ( ) ( ) days ( ) ( ) 1 3 years ( ) ( ) 4 9 years ( ) ( ) years ( ) ( ) years ( ) ( ) Osmolality (S) 1 Birth 1 month: mosm/kg mosm/kg Oxygen, Partial Pressure (PO 2 ) (B) 1 Birth: 8 24 mmhg kpa 1 hour: mmhg kpa 1 day: mmhg kpa Immunoglobulin D (S) 1 0 mg/dl 0 8 mg/dl Oxygen Saturation (B) 1 85% 90% 95% 99%
4 Partial Thromboplastin Time (P) 2 Prothrombin Time (P) sec sec PH (B) months months Protoporphyrin, Free (FEP, ZPP) (B) 2 Values for free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) are g/g of hemoglobin. Phenylalanine (S, P) mg/dl ( mmol/l) Phosphorus, Inorganic (S, P) mg/dl ( mmol/l) 1 year: mg/dl ( mmol/l) 10 years: mg/dl ( mmol/l) mg/dl ( mmol/l) Red Blood Cell Count (B) 1 Values 10 6 / L. ( L mm 3 ) Newborns 6 months months 2 years years years years Platelet Count (RBC) 1 Value 10 3 / L. ( L mm 3 ) Sedimentation Rate (Micro) (B) 2 2 years: 1 5 mm/hr 2 years: 1 8 mm/hr Newborns months months months 2 years years years years years Sodium (P) 1 Children and adults: Thrombin Time (P) mmol/l mmol/l sec Potassium (S, P) 2 Premature infants: Full-term infants: Proteins in Serum a mmol/l mmol/l mmol/l mmol/l Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) (P, S) 1 Values in mu/l days month 5 years years Total Age Protein Globulin Globulin At birth months year years Age -Globulin -Globulin At birth months year years Thyroxine (T4) (S, P) 1 Values in g/dl (nmol/l) days (76 276) (81 276) 1 12 months (82 179) (63 176) 1 3 years (90 169) (91 180) 4 6 years (79 162) (93 180) 7 12 years (86 172) (79 156) years (62 148) (75 144) years (76 148) (67 170) a Values are for cellulose acetate electrophoresis and are in g/dl. SI conversion factor: g/dl 10 g/l.
5 Throxine, Free (Free T4) (S, P) ng/dl (10 36 pmol/l) 1 12 months: ng/dl (10 26 pmol/l) 1 5 years: ng/dl (12 22 pmol/l) 6 10 years: ng/dl (10 22 pmol/l) years: ng/dl (10 20 pmol/l) years: ng/dl (11 20 pmol/l) Thyroxine-binding Globulin (TBG) (P) months: mg/l 1 3 years: mg/l 4 6 years: mg/l 7 12 years: mg/l years: mg/l Triglycerides (S) 1 Values in mg/dl (mmol/l) 1 3 years ( ) ( ) 4 6 years ( ) ( ) 7 9 years ( ) ( ) years ( ) ( ) years ( ) ( ) years ( ) ( ) years ( ) ( ) Triiodothyronine (T3) (S, P) days ng/dl 1 12 months ng/dl 1 5 years ng/dl 6 10 years ng/dl years ng/dl years ng/dl Urea Clearance 2 Premature infants: ml/min/1.73 m ml/min/1.73 m months: ml/min/1.73 m 2 2 years: 52 ml/min/1.73 m 2 Urea Nitrogen (P) years 5 17 mg/dl ( mmol/l) 4 13 years 7 17 mg/dl ( mmol/l) years 8 21 mg/dl ( mmol/l) Uric Acid (S, P) 2 Males: 0 14 years: 2 7 mg/dl ( mol/l) 14 years: 3 8 mg/dl ( mol/l) Females: All ages: White Blood Cell Count (B) 1 Values 10 3 / ml. ( L = mm 3 ) 2 7 mg/dl ( mol/l) Newborns months 2 years years years years years NORMAL VALUES: URINE Addis Count 2 Red cells (12-hr specimen): White cells (12-hr specimen): Casts (12-hr specimen): Protein (12-hr specimen): Albumin 2 1 million 2 million 10, mg First month: mg/l Second month: mg/l 2 12 months: mg/l Ammonia months: 4 20 meq/min/m years: 6 16 meq/min/m 2 Catecholamines (Norepinephrine, Epinephrine) 2 Values in g/24 hr (nmol/24 hr). TOTAL CATE- NOREPI- AGE CHOLAMINES NEPHRINE EPINEPHRINE 1 year ( ) (32 94) 1 5 years ( ) (48 182) 6 15 years ( ) ( ) 15 years ( ) ( ) Chloride 2 Calcium years: 4 8 meq/l (2 4 mmol/l) Infants: mmol/24 hr mmol/24 hr mmol/24 hr
6 Corticosteroids (17-Hydroxycorticosteroids) years: 2 4 mg/24 hr ( mmol) 2 6 years: 3 6 mg/24 hr ( mmol) 6 10 years: 6 8 mg/24 hr ( mmol) years: 8 10 mg/24 hr ( mmol) Creatine mg/l ( mmol/l) Phosphorus, Tubular Reabsorption 78% 97%. Porphyrins 2 -Aminolevulinic acid: Porphobilinogen: Coproporphyrin: Uroporphyrin: 0 7 mg/24 hr ( mol/24 hr) 0 2 mg/24 hr (0 8.8 mol/24 hr) mg/24 hr (0 244 mol/24 hr) 0 26 mg/24 hr (0 31 mol/24 hr) Creatinine 2 Growth Hormone mg/kg/24 hr mg/kg/24 hr mg/kg/24 hr mg/kg/24 hr Potassium mmol/l Sodium 2 Infants: mmol/24 hr (6 10 mmol/m 2 ) Children and adults: mmol/24 hr years (Tanner 1): ng/24 hr ( ng/g creatinine) years (Tanner 2): ng/24 hr ( ng/g creatinine) years (Tanner 3): ng/24 hr ( ng/g creatinine) years (Tanner 4): ng/24 hr ( ng/g creatinine) years (Tanner 5): ng/24 hr ( ng/g creatinine) Homovanillic Acid 2 Mucopolysaccharides g/mg of creatinine 2 4 g/mg of creatinine Acid mucopolysaccharide screen should yield negative results. Positive results after dialysis of the urine should be followed up with a thin-layer chromatogram for evaluation of the acid mucopolysaccharide excretion pattern. Osmolality 2 Infants: Older children: mosm/l mosm/l Specific Gravity Urobilinogen 2 3 mg/24 hr ( 5.1 mol/24 hr) Vanillymandelic Acid (VMA) 2 Because of the difficulty in obtaining an accurately timed 24-hour collection, values based on microgram per milligram of creatinine are the most reliable indications of VMA excretion in young children months: 1 35 g/mg of creatinine ( mg/kg/24 hr) 1 2 years: 1 30 g/mg of creatinine 2 5 years: 1 15 g/mg of creatinine 5 10 years: 1 14 g/mg of creatinine years: 1 10 g/mg of creatinine (1 7 mg/24 hr; 5 35 mmol/24hr) 1 7 g/mg of creatinine (1 7 mg/24 hr; 5 35 mmol/24 hr) NORMAL VALUES: FECES Fat, Total months: g/d 6 months 1 year: 4 g/d 3 g/d Adolescents: 5 g/d 7 g/d NORMAL VALUES: SWEAT Electrolytes 2 Normal: Patients with cystic fibrosis: 40 mmol/l for both sodium and chloride. 60 mmol/l for both sodium and chloride. NORMAL VALUES: CEREBROSPINAL FLUID Protein 1 1 month: 1 month: mg/dl mg/dl mg/dl Glucose 1 All ages: 60% 80% of blood glucose
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